本文選題：高速公路收費(fèi)站 + 網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)抗火　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：高速公路收費(fèi)站多采用網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式,是因其具有整體剛度強(qiáng)、多向受力性能好及制作安裝方便等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。高速公路收費(fèi)站作為重要的交通樞紐,一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi),在人員撤離前若網(wǎng)架發(fā)生倒塌,可能造成嚴(yán)重人員傷亡和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。此外,高速公路收費(fèi)站雨棚不同于一般的室內(nèi)建筑,空間開(kāi)敞導(dǎo)致火災(zāi)時(shí)其受當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境影響大,特別是大風(fēng)和風(fēng)向的影響。高速公路常見(jiàn)的車輛有油罐車等危險(xiǎn)車輛,發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí)若波及附近的危險(xiǎn)車輛,可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致發(fā)生烴類火災(zāi)�；馂�(zāi)溫度曲線會(huì)因高風(fēng)速、炎熱、石油、燃?xì)饪諝庵械膿]發(fā)等因素導(dǎo)致轟燃使環(huán)境溫度快速上升。由此可見(jiàn),對(duì)高速公路網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行抗火性能分析具有重要的意義�；馂�(zāi)后,高速公路收費(fèi)站災(zāi)后修復(fù)時(shí)間和安全性評(píng)估也尤為重要。作為高速公路重要的樞紐,收費(fèi)站的修復(fù)工作將直接影響道路是否能正常運(yùn)行。所以用盡量短的時(shí)間,結(jié)合經(jīng)濟(jì)性因素考慮,采用合理的加固修復(fù)方案也具有重要實(shí)用價(jià)值。目前對(duì)于網(wǎng)架的研究主要集中在一般網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、施工方法、抗火等方面,而高速公路收費(fèi)站雨棚的一些結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸不同于普通網(wǎng)架,是由收費(fèi)站的特殊使用功能決定的,使得一些變形和受力特點(diǎn)也不同于普通網(wǎng)架,因此,有必要對(duì)高速公路收費(fèi)站網(wǎng)架的抗火性能進(jìn)行深入研究,掌握結(jié)構(gòu)在火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)的抗火能力；并采用合理的加固修復(fù)方案。本文結(jié)合具體的工程實(shí)例,采用參數(shù)分析的方法,對(duì)高速公路收費(fèi)站火災(zāi)中常見(jiàn)網(wǎng)架鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的抗火性能和災(zāi)后評(píng)估進(jìn)行了研究。研究對(duì)象涵蓋了不同的工況參數(shù)(全跨網(wǎng)架、半跨網(wǎng)架和四分之一網(wǎng)架火災(zāi)),時(shí)間參數(shù)(15min、30min)和不同的加固修復(fù)方案。首先根據(jù)實(shí)際情況確定結(jié)構(gòu)荷載情況,并按《建筑鋼結(jié)構(gòu)防火技術(shù)規(guī)范》規(guī)定的荷載組合,采用有限元軟件ABAQUS進(jìn)行常溫下的結(jié)構(gòu)受力分析。第二步利用ABAQUS進(jìn)行火災(zāi)下的結(jié)構(gòu)受力性能分析。通過(guò)采用恒載升溫的方式,使整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)按實(shí)際情況升溫,結(jié)構(gòu)喪失承載力時(shí)的溫度為結(jié)構(gòu)的臨界溫度,對(duì)應(yīng)的火災(zāi)時(shí)間為結(jié)構(gòu)的耐火時(shí)間,觀察結(jié)構(gòu)變形及受力特點(diǎn),耐火能力和破壞形態(tài),對(duì)比不同參數(shù)的差異。第三步采用一種常見(jiàn)的火災(zāi)情況和網(wǎng)架,利用有限元軟件模擬火災(zāi)進(jìn)行到600℃左右撲滅,結(jié)構(gòu)降溫到環(huán)境溫度,不考慮鋼材強(qiáng)度的折減。觀察殘余應(yīng)力的大小和分布情況,確定加固方案。并對(duì)修復(fù)后的結(jié)構(gòu)重新加載,得到加固后的應(yīng)力,驗(yàn)證加固方案效果。
[Abstract]:The freeway toll station adopts the structure form of the net frame, because it has the advantages of strong overall stiffness, good multi force performance and convenient production and installation. As an important transportation hub, the freeway toll station may cause serious casualties and property loss if the grid happens to collapse before the evacuation of the personnel. In addition, the rain shed of the freeway toll station is different from the general indoor building. Space opening causes the fire to be affected by the local environment, especially the influence of the wind and wind. The common vehicles in the expressway are dangerous vehicles, such as oil tank cars. If the dangerous vehicles are affected in the vicinity of the fire, the fire temperature may lead to fire. The curve will cause the rapid rise of the environment temperature because of the high wind speed, heat, oil and gas air. Thus, it is of great significance to analyze the fire resistance performance of the expressway network frame structure. After the fire, the repair time and safety assessment of the expressway toll station are also particularly important. The repair work of the toll station will directly affect the normal operation of the road. So using the shortest time and considering the economic factors, it is also of great practical value to adopt the reasonable reinforcement and repair scheme. At present, the research on the grid is mainly focused on the structure design, construction method and fire resistance of the general network frame structure. The structure size of the rain shed in the toll station of the freeway is different from that of the ordinary net frame, which is determined by the special function of the toll station, which makes some deformation and stress characteristics different from that of the ordinary net frame. Therefore, it is necessary to study the fire resistance performance of the network frame of the freeway toll station and to grasp the resistance of the structure in the case of fire. In this paper, the fire resistance and post disaster evaluation of the common grid steel structure in the toll station fire are studied with the method of parameter analysis. The research object covers the number of different working conditions (full span network frame, half span network frame and 1/4 net). Frame fire), time parameters (15min, 30min) and different reinforcement and repair schemes. First, according to the actual situation, the structure load is determined. According to the load combination of the fire protection technical specification of the building steel structure, the finite element software ABAQUS is used to analyze the structural stress of the structure under the normal temperature. Second steps are used to use the ABAQUS to carry out the structural stress under the fire. Through the method of constant load heating, the whole structure is heated up according to the actual condition, the temperature of the structure loses its bearing capacity as the critical temperature of the structure, the corresponding fire time is the fire time of the structure, the structure deformation and the stress characteristics, the fire resistance and the failure form are observed, and the difference of the different parameters is compared. Third steps adopt a kind of constant. The fire situation and the grid frame, using the finite element software to simulate the fire to be extinguished about 600 degrees centigrade, the structure cooling to the ambient temperature, without considering the reduction of steel strength, observe the size and distribution of the residual stress, determine the reinforcement scheme, reload the structure after the repair, get the stress after reinforcement, and verify the effect of the reinforcement scheme.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU356;TU352.5

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