本文選題：ETFE氣枕 + 柔性非晶硅太陽能電池　； 參考：《上海交通大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：乙烯-四氟乙烯(ethylene tetrafluoroethylene,ETFE)氣枕膜結構具有輕質(zhì)、高透光、自潔性能好等優(yōu)點,廣泛應用于大型體育場館和機場航站樓等對建筑美學、建筑采光物理和結構性能有較高要求的建筑結構體系。ETFE氣枕結構的特點有:ETFE薄膜的高透光率使得氣枕內(nèi)溫度較高,ETFE氣枕具有模塊化、標準化和工廠預制,可適應于復雜大跨空間網(wǎng)格結構。這些特點與非晶硅太陽能電池(Photovoltaic,PV)的柔韌性和高溫適應性相匹配,將ETFE氣枕和PV結合為光伏膜結構一體化建筑。利用PV的光電光熱效應將太陽能轉(zhuǎn)化成電能和熱能,降低建筑能耗,使建筑成為低耗能、可持續(xù)和對環(huán)境友好的建筑�；诖�,本文提出了將柔性PV與三層ETFE氣枕結合的新型光伏一體化膜結構(簡稱PV-ETFE氣枕屋頂),具有利用電能、收集熱能、避免外界環(huán)境對PV的不利影響和PV高溫對結構用ETFE薄膜的直接影響的特點�？紤]PV將對建筑體系產(chǎn)生新的系統(tǒng)性能和結構行為,本文圍繞相關問題開展了試驗、分析和理論研究,并取得了一些具有研究意義和工程價值的成果。首先,第三章進行了不同加載速度和加載溫度下ETFE薄膜單軸拉伸試驗,提出了一種基于數(shù)學擬合求屈服點和彈性模量的方法。通過分析所得力學性能和對比已有文獻值證明了該方法的正確性和合理性,表明該方法可較為準確和快速確定ETFE薄膜的力學參數(shù)�；诤暧^現(xiàn)象、各向同性材料小應變和Clausius-Duhem不等式,推導了ETFE薄膜的應力應變關系,編寫了基于兩步法確定本構方程參數(shù)的程序。與單軸拉伸力學性能不同,ETFE薄膜單軸循環(huán)拉伸力學性能可用于分析ETFE結構受循環(huán)荷載作用的結構行為。因此,第四章進行了8組不同加載應力幅值的試驗,編寫了計算材料常數(shù)的程序,通過對彈性模量、屈服應力、屈服應變、棘輪應變和滯回環(huán)面積的的研究,揭示了ETFE薄膜粘彈塑性力學機理。為了研究PV-ETFE氣枕屋頂?shù)南到y(tǒng)性能,第五章設計研制了一套由三層ETFE氣枕和柔性PV結合的建筑屋頂系統(tǒng)及其綜合測試系統(tǒng),進行了冬季和夏季典型天氣條件的實測試驗,測得了系統(tǒng)的電氣參數(shù)、熱參數(shù)和結構參數(shù),分析了系統(tǒng)的光電性能、光熱性能和氣枕壓力性能等。試驗結果分析驗證了該PV-ETFE氣枕屋頂系統(tǒng)的可行性,揭示了該系統(tǒng)獨特的技術特征。PV溫度值及其變化規(guī)律是分析氣枕結構溫度場的基礎,而ETFE氣枕結構的溫度場是研究系統(tǒng)建筑熱物理和熱結構分析的必要條件。因此,第六章首先基于能量守恒法推導了PV的動態(tài)熱模型,研究了冬夏季晴和晴轉(zhuǎn)多云天氣的溫度變化規(guī)律。然后在穩(wěn)定溫度邊界條件和不可壓縮流體的假定下,建立二維模型分析了在夏季晴11:30~12:30氣枕內(nèi)空氣溫度場和速度場的特征,基于該溫度場計算了氣枕上層膜和下層膜的表面熱傳遞系數(shù),結果表明PV-ETFE氣枕的表面熱傳遞性能優(yōu)于常規(guī)ETFE單層結構的熱傳遞性能。最后,第七章基于ETFE薄膜不同溫度測得的非線性本構模型,以計算流體動力學方法模擬得到的氣枕表面溫度作為溫度邊界條件,分析了氣枕結構在內(nèi)壓250Pa和膜面預應力1.0MPa下氣枕的應力、應變和變形。為了得到PV-ETFE氣枕結構性能在壓力和預應力變化下的合理規(guī)律,即壓力250Pa~450Pa和膜面預應力1.0MPa~3.0MPa,本文通過25種工況分析了氣枕應力和應變的安全系數(shù)以及變形的使用性能,揭示了PV-ETFE氣枕結構的力學行為特征。
[Abstract]:Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene, ETFE) gas pillow membrane has the advantages of light quality, high light transmittance and good self cleaning properties. It is widely used in the construction aesthetics of large sports venues and airport terminal buildings. The structure of building structure with high requirements for the physical and structural properties of building lighting and structure system.ETFE gas pillow structure are: ETFE film High transmittance makes the temperature of the air pillow high, the ETFE gas pillow is modularized, standardized and factory prefabricated. It can adapt to the complex and large span space grid structure. These features match the flexibility and high temperature adaptability of the amorphous silicon solar cells (Photovoltaic, PV). The ETFE gas pillow and PV are integrated into the integrated architecture of the photovoltaic membrane structure. The use of PV The photoelectric and photothermal effect transforms solar energy into electric energy and heat energy, reduces building energy consumption and makes buildings become low energy consumption, sustainable and environmentally friendly buildings. Based on this, a new type of photovoltaic integrated membrane structure (called PV-ETFE pillow roof), which combines flexible PV with three layers of ETFE gas pillow, is proposed in this paper. The adverse effect of boundary environment on PV and the direct influence of PV high temperature on the structure of ETFE film. Considering that PV will produce new system performance and structure behavior to the architecture system, this paper carried out experiments, analysis and theoretical research around the related problems, and obtained some achievements with research meaning and engineering value. First, third chapters are carried out. A single axis tensile test of ETFE films at different loading speeds and loading temperatures was carried out. A method of calculating the yield point and elastic modulus based on mathematical fitting was proposed. The correctness and rationality of the method were proved by analyzing the mechanical properties and comparing the existing literature values. It shows that the method can accurately and quickly determine the mechanics of ETFE film. Parameters. Based on macroscopic phenomena, small strain of isotropic material and Clausius-Duhem inequality, the stress-strain relation of ETFE thin film is derived. A program based on two step method to determine the constitutive equation parameters is written. The mechanical properties of ETFE thin films are different from the uniaxial tensile mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the single axis cyclic stretching can be used to analyze the cyclic loading of the ETFE structure. Therefore, the fourth chapter carries out the experiment of 8 groups of different loading stress amplitude, and writes the program to calculate the material constant. Through the study of the elastic modulus, yield stress, yield strain, ratcheting strain and hysteresis loop area, the viscoelastic plasticity mechanism of ETFE film is revealed. In order to study the system performance of the PV-ETFE air pillow roof, The fifth chapter designs and develops a set of building roof system and its comprehensive testing system, which is combined with three layers of ETFE gas pillow and flexible PV. The test of typical weather conditions in winter and summer is carried out. The electrical parameters, thermal parameters and structural parameters of the system are measured, and the system's photoelectricity, photothermal performance and pressure performance of the gas pillow are analyzed. The result analysis proves the feasibility of the PV-ETFE air pillow roof system, and reveals that the unique technical characteristics of the system.PV temperature value and its variation law are the basis of the analysis of the temperature field of the air pillow structure, and the temperature field of the ETFE pillow structure is the necessary condition for the study of the thermal physical and thermal structural analysis of the system building. Therefore, the sixth chapter is first based on the analysis of the thermal physical and thermal structure of the system. The dynamic thermal model of PV is derived by the energy conservation method. The temperature change law of clear and cloudy and cloudy weather in winter and summer is studied. Under the assumption of stable temperature boundary condition and incompressible fluid, a two-dimensional model is established to analyze the characteristics of air temperature field and velocity field in the Xia Jiqing 11:30~12:30 gas pillow. The temperature field is calculated based on the temperature field. The surface heat transfer coefficient of the upper and lower layers of the gas pillow shows that the heat transfer performance of the surface heat transfer of the PV-ETFE gas pillow is better than that of the conventional ETFE single layer structure. Finally, the seventh chapter is based on the nonlinear constitutive model measured at different temperatures of the ETFE film, and the temperature of the surface of the pillow is calculated by the calculation of the hydrodynamics method as the temperature. The stress, strain and deformation of the air pillow structure under the internal pressure of 250Pa and the film surface prestressed 1.0MPa are analyzed by the boundary conditions. In order to obtain the reasonable law of the structure performance of the PV-ETFE pillow under pressure and prestress, that is, the pressure 250Pa~450Pa and the membrane surface prestress 1.0MPa~3.0MPa, the stress and strain of the air pillow are analyzed by 25 working conditions. The safety factor and the performance of deformation reveal the mechanical behavior characteristics of PV-ETFE air cushion structure.
【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU38

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本文編號：1911883