本文選題：損傷識別 + 小波分析�。� 參考：《長沙理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在建筑結(jié)構(gòu)中框架結(jié)構(gòu)是運用比較普遍的一種結(jié)構(gòu)形式,因受自然或人為因素的影響,結(jié)構(gòu)可能會出現(xiàn)損傷,對結(jié)構(gòu)的安全構(gòu)成威脅,當(dāng)損傷積累到一定程度,甚至可能釀成重大的工程事故。故對框架結(jié)構(gòu)損傷識別方法的研究意義重大。小波分析作為一種新的信號處理手段,它能在時頻兩域很好的表征信號的局部特征,能較好的分析信號的奇異點位置,因而小波理論已被應(yīng)用到結(jié)構(gòu)的損傷診斷中;人工免疫算法是模仿生物免疫系統(tǒng)的運行機制而建立的一種學(xué)習(xí)、優(yōu)化的人工智能算法,人工免疫算法具有優(yōu)越的全局搜索能力,可進行結(jié)構(gòu)損傷程度的識別。本文將這兩者的優(yōu)點進行有機的結(jié)合,提出了小波-人工免疫算法的概念,建立了一種既能識別結(jié)構(gòu)損傷位置又能確定損傷程度的小波-人工免疫算法,即通過將小波分析與人工免疫算法相結(jié)合的方法實現(xiàn)對框架結(jié)構(gòu)的損傷位置和損傷程度的識別。以含損傷的框架結(jié)構(gòu)為研究對象,采用本文提出的小波-人工免疫算法,建立框架結(jié)構(gòu)有限元模型,采用Lanczos法對結(jié)構(gòu)進行模態(tài)分析,得到含損傷框架結(jié)構(gòu)的模態(tài)參數(shù),運用小波分析方法對結(jié)構(gòu)的模態(tài)參數(shù)進行連續(xù)小波變換得到小波系數(shù)圖,通過圖形中的奇異點來識別框架結(jié)構(gòu)損傷的位置。然后,以基于結(jié)構(gòu)的頻率和模態(tài)振型建立的目標(biāo)函數(shù)為抗原,以小波識別出的損傷單元的損傷程度(即問題的解)作為抗體,運用人工免疫算法進行全局尋優(yōu)的迭代計算,進而實現(xiàn)對結(jié)構(gòu)的損傷程度的識別。本文建立了一層一跨多損傷(兩處損傷和三處損傷)和一層兩跨多損傷(三處損傷和四處損傷)框架結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元模型,設(shè)置多種工況進行數(shù)值模擬分析,運用小波分析方法,確定結(jié)構(gòu)損傷的位置。在確定了結(jié)構(gòu)損傷單元位置和損傷單元個數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上運用人工免疫算法實現(xiàn)對結(jié)構(gòu)損傷程度的識別。本文在簡單的框架結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)上,將上述方法應(yīng)用到較復(fù)雜的兩層一跨多損傷(三處損傷和四處損傷)、兩層兩跨多損傷(兩處損傷和三處損傷)的框架結(jié)構(gòu)上,驗證了該方法的有效性。本文提出的方法可供結(jié)構(gòu)損傷診斷的工程應(yīng)用參考。
[Abstract]:In building structure, frame structure is a kind of structure which is widely used. Due to the influence of natural or human factors, the structure may be damaged, which will threaten the safety of the structure, and when the damage accumulates to a certain extent, It could even lead to major engineering accidents. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the damage identification method of frame structure. Wavelet analysis, as a new signal processing method, can well characterize the local characteristics of signals in time-frequency domain and analyze the location of singularities of signals, so wavelet theory has been applied to the damage diagnosis of structures. Artificial immune algorithm (AIA) is a kind of learning and optimization artificial intelligence algorithm which imitates the operating mechanism of biological immune system. Artificial immune algorithm has superior global searching ability and can be used to identify the degree of structural damage. In this paper, the advantages of these two methods are combined organically, the concept of wavelet artificial immune algorithm is put forward, and a wavelet artificial immune algorithm is established, which can not only identify the location of structural damage but also determine the degree of damage. In other words, wavelet analysis and artificial immune algorithm are combined to identify the damage location and damage degree of frame structure. Taking the frame structure with damage as the research object, the finite element model of the frame structure is established by using the wavelet artificial immune algorithm proposed in this paper, and the modal parameters of the frame structure with damage are obtained by Lanczos method. Wavelet transform is applied to the modal parameters of the structure to obtain the wavelet coefficients. The damage location of the frame structure is identified by the singular points in the graph. Then, the target function based on the frequency and modal mode of the structure is taken as antigen, the damage degree of the damage unit identified by wavelet is taken as the antibody, and the iterative calculation of global optimization is carried out by using artificial immune algorithm. Then the damage degree of the structure can be identified. In this paper, the finite element model of one story, one span, multiple damage (two damage and three damage) and one layer two span multiple damage (three damage and four damage) is established. Determine the location of structural damage. On the basis of determining the location and the number of damage elements, the artificial immune algorithm is used to identify the damage degree of the structure. On the basis of simple frame structure, this paper applies the above method to the complicated frame structure with two layers and one span multiple damage (three damage and four damage), two story two span multiple damage (two damage and three damage). The effectiveness of the method is verified. The method presented in this paper can be used as a reference for the engineering application of structural damage diagnosis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU317

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