本文選題：遼代佛教寺院　切入點：營建　出處：《清華大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：遼代是中國歷史上佛教信仰最為興盛,佛教寺院營建活動最為發(fā)達(dá)的時代之一。遼代寺院的源流直接來自唐代北方地區(qū),又在二百余年的發(fā)展中受到契丹統(tǒng)治階層的影響,形成了與宋地不同的面貌,對后世的金元時代寺院也產(chǎn)生了直接的影響。本文通過對正史、行紀(jì)、石刻和地方志等相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的收集與分析,結(jié)合地面寺院建筑實例、考古遺址等材料,系統(tǒng)整理了文獻(xiàn)和遺物遺跡中所見的三百余處遼代新建和在遼代存續(xù)的寺院的相關(guān)情況,并以這些寺院為研究基礎(chǔ),從宏觀、中觀與微觀三個層面對遼代寺院的營建和空間布局情況進行了研究。宏觀層面,本文將遼代二百余年的寺院營建活動,區(qū)分為太祖、太宗,世宗、穆宗,景宗、圣宗,興宗至遼亡四個發(fā)展階段,厘清了遼代寺院營建活動的發(fā)展變化歷程,以及各階段營建活動的特點。同時,考察了在遼代寺院鼎盛的時期,遼國全境各地區(qū)寺院的總體分布趨勢,明確了五京道區(qū)域內(nèi)各自的寺院分布中心。中觀層面,本文以建寺功德主的身份為基準(zhǔn),將遼代寺院區(qū)分為公共寺院與功德寺兩種類型,分別探討了平民邑社建寺、官府建寺和貴族建寺活動的不同運作方式,以及功德主在建寺活動中的不同作用。重點研究了由官府興建的三學(xué)寺和由貴族興建的墳寺這兩種在遼代興起的特殊類型寺院的營建情況。并整理了上京、中京、南京三座京城和三十七座地方州縣城市城內(nèi)和附近寺院的分布,討論了遼代城市寺院與城市的位置關(guān)系,以及寺院的選址原則。微觀層面,本文以各單一寺院為研究對象。首先,分析了寺院內(nèi)佛殿、講堂、佛塔、經(jīng)藏、廊廡等主要組成部分的建筑空間形式和內(nèi)部陳設(shè)方式。在此基礎(chǔ)上,討論遼代寺院的殿閣配置模式。明確遼代寺院的基本布局模式為前殿后堂,并有中軸線殿前后設(shè)高閣,主殿前設(shè)次要殿堂和院落兩側(cè)對峙雙樓三種主要的發(fā)展形式。再次,以主殿的面闊間數(shù)為基準(zhǔn),將遼代寺院的基址規(guī)模分為三個等級,分別對應(yīng)不同身份的功德主。再次,本文研究了遼代寺院不設(shè)子院而在周邊地區(qū)設(shè)置下院屬寺的情況,闡明了產(chǎn)生這一情況的宗教社會背景。最后,本文結(jié)合遼代城市建立時的移民情況,討論了遼代寺院空間布局的源流。
[Abstract]:The Liao Dynasty was one of the most prosperous Buddhist beliefs in the history of China and one of the most developed Buddhist monasteries. The origins of the monasteries of the Liao Dynasty came directly from the northern areas of the Tang Dynasty and were influenced by the Qidan ruling class in the course of more than 200 years of development. Different from the Song Dynasty, it has a direct influence on the monasteries of the later Jin and Yuan dynasties. Through the collection and analysis of the relevant documents, such as the official history, the practice of the times, the stone carvings and the local chronicles, this paper combines the architectural examples of the monasteries on the ground. Archaeological sites, and other materials, systematically collate more than 300 newly built and surviving monasteries in the Liao Dynasty, which were found in the literature and relics, and based on these monasteries as the research basis, from the macro perspective, At the macro level, the monastery construction activities of more than 200 years in the Liao Dynasty are divided into Taizu, Taizong, Shizong, Muzong, Jingzong, Shengzong, Taizu, Taizong, Shizong, Muzong, Jingzong and Shengzong. From Xingzong to the end of Liao Dynasty, it clarifies the development and changes of the temple construction activities in Liao Dynasty and the characteristics of the construction activities in each stage. At the same time, it examines the peak period of monasteries in Liao Dynasty. The overall distribution trend of monasteries in all regions of the country of Liao, and the distribution centers of monasteries in Wujing and Taoism area are defined. At the middle level, this paper divides the monasteries of Liao Dynasty into two types: public monasteries and monasteries on the basis of the status of the masters of the merits of the monasteries. This paper discusses the different operation modes of the activities of the common people, the government and the aristocrats respectively. And the different roles of the masters of merit in the construction of monasteries. This paper focuses on the construction of the three schools monasteries built by the government and the tomb monasteries built by the aristocrats in the Liao Dynasty, and arranges the construction of the monasteries in Beijing and Beijing. The distribution of monasteries in and around the cities of three capital cities and 37 local prefectures and counties in Nanjing. The relationship between temples and cities in Liao Dynasty and the principle of siting of monasteries in Liao Dynasty are discussed. This article takes each monastery as the research object. Firstly, it analyzes the architectural space form and the internal furnishing mode of the main components of the temple, such as the Buddhist temple, the lecture hall, the pagoda, the Buddhist pagoda, the corridor and the veranda, etc. This paper discusses the layout mode of the temple in Liao Dynasty. It is clear that the basic layout model of the temple in Liao Dynasty is the front hall and the rear hall, and there are three main development forms in front of the central axis hall, secondary hall in front of the main hall and two buildings on both sides of the courtyard. Again, Based on the number of facets and widths of the main temple, the base site scale of the temple in Liao Dynasty is divided into three levels, corresponding to the different status of the meritorious masters. Thirdly, this paper studies the situation of the lower house temple in the surrounding area without the establishment of the sub-courtyard in the temple of the Liao Dynasty. Finally, this paper discusses the origin of the spatial distribution of temples in Liao Dynasty, combining with the immigration situation of the Liao Dynasty city when it was established.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU252
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本文編號：1679336