本文選題：地下建筑照明　切入點：太陽光照明　出處：《陜西科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前我國建筑能耗已經(jīng)占到社會能源消耗的30%左右,其中照明能耗約占建筑能耗的20%~40%。建筑的地下空間因長時間處于無自然光照的環(huán)境下,照明耗電量更大。利用太陽光照明是建筑節(jié)能的一個重要發(fā)展方向。目前地下建筑利用太陽光進行照明分為間接方式(光—電—光)和直接方式(光—光)兩種。間接方式就是通過光—電—光能量轉(zhuǎn)換來進行照明的光伏照明系統(tǒng),它具有照明效果穩(wěn)定,不受日照時間限制等優(yōu)點,但其系統(tǒng)成本很高且能量轉(zhuǎn)換效率低。直接方式又分為如開設(shè)采光天窗這類傳統(tǒng)采光照明方式和利用光的反射、折射等光學(xué)原理傳輸太陽光到達地下空間進行照明的方式兩種,傳統(tǒng)采光照明方式投資成本低,易實現(xiàn),維護費用低,但其照明效果差,而后者光能利用率較高,但成本也相對較高。所以目前還沒有任何一種利用太陽光能照明的方式能在成本、能量利用率、和照明效果等多方面都取得滿意的結(jié)果。本文所設(shè)計的照明系統(tǒng)是一種綜合太陽光直接照明和電光源照明為一體的互補型照明系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)以太陽光直接照明為主,電光源照明為輔,且能根據(jù)實際的情況相互補充與自動調(diào)節(jié),以便能獲得更好的照明效果和滿足更多的照明場合。同時,系統(tǒng)力求在滿足建筑照明設(shè)計要求的情況下,降低設(shè)計成本,提高光能利用率。本文的主要工作可總結(jié)為如下幾個方面:(1)完成地下建筑太陽光照明系統(tǒng)的總體方案設(shè)計。太陽光直接照明部分主要解決地下空間白天的照明需求,是該系統(tǒng)的主要部分,包括集光器、導(dǎo)光器、反光鏡、光導(dǎo)管、漫射照明終端和相應(yīng)的自動控制系統(tǒng)。集光器(聚調(diào)光器)是用于實現(xiàn)在環(huán)境光照不足的情況下,使系統(tǒng)能收集更多的太陽光,屬于系統(tǒng)可選部分。導(dǎo)光器和反光鏡是用于實現(xiàn)把不同方向的太陽光定向輸送到光導(dǎo)管內(nèi),是系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)太陽光照明的重要組成部分。導(dǎo)光管是嵌于建筑內(nèi)的光傳輸通道,漫射終端是實現(xiàn)讓照明空間無眩光且照度均勻的裝置,自動控制系統(tǒng)負責(zé)整個系統(tǒng)的正常運作和照明方式的切換,包括信號采集與處理,裝置的驅(qū)動控制等。(2)完成系統(tǒng)主要裝置的機械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計和調(diào)試。實現(xiàn)集光器匯聚和調(diào)整太陽光的功能,重點實現(xiàn)導(dǎo)光器與反光鏡配合能有效的定向傳輸平行太陽光,使得太陽光在光導(dǎo)管內(nèi)能最大程度減少在傳輸路徑中的損耗。(3)完成相應(yīng)控制系統(tǒng)的軟硬件設(shè)計。導(dǎo)光器與反光鏡的配合傳光、智能調(diào)光都需要由相應(yīng)的控制系統(tǒng)控制實現(xiàn),整個控制系統(tǒng)包括各模塊的軟硬件設(shè)計,使之能實現(xiàn)準確的采集太陽光信號并處理,實現(xiàn)驅(qū)動電機完成相應(yīng)機械裝置動作的光電型跟蹤過程和視日軌跡跟蹤過程,實現(xiàn)監(jiān)測與顯示,智能調(diào)光等等功能。最終實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)在地下建筑內(nèi)具有良好照明效果的目的。
[Abstract]:At present, the building energy consumption in our country has already accounted for about 30% of the social energy consumption, of which lighting energy consumption accounts for about 20% of the building energy consumption. The underground space of the building is in the absence of natural light for a long time. The use of solar lighting is an important development direction of building energy conservation. At present, underground buildings can be divided into indirect (light-electric-light) and direct-mode (light-light) lighting. The indirect way is to use photovoltaic lighting systems that convert light-electro-optical energy. It has the advantages of stable lighting effect and no restriction of sunshine time, but its system cost is very high and its energy conversion efficiency is low. Refraction and other optical principles transfer sunlight to underground space for illumination. The traditional lighting mode has low investment cost, easy to realize and low maintenance cost, but its lighting effect is poor, and the latter has a high utilization rate of light energy. But the cost is also relatively high. So there is no way of using solar energy to illuminate at the cost, the energy utilization rate, The lighting system designed in this paper is a kind of complementary lighting system which integrates direct solar lighting and electric lighting. The electric light source is auxiliary, and can complement each other and adjust automatically according to the actual situation, so as to obtain better lighting effect and meet more lighting situations. At the same time, the system strives to meet the requirements of architectural lighting design. Reduce design costs, The main work of this paper can be summarized as follows: 1) to complete the overall design of solar lighting system in underground buildings. The direct solar lighting mainly solves the lighting requirement of underground space during the day. Is a major part of the system, including a collector, a light guide, a reflector, a light tube, a diffuse lighting terminal and a corresponding automatic control system. Enables the system to collect more solar light, which is an optional part of the system. Light guides and reflectors are used to orient sunlight in different directions into the tube. The light guide tube is the light transmission channel embedded in the building, and the diffuse terminal is the device to realize the illumination space without glare and the illumination is even. The automatic control system is responsible for the normal operation of the whole system and the switching of lighting modes, including signal acquisition and processing. The drive and control of the device complete the mechanical structure design and debugging of the main device of the system, realize the function of gathering and adjusting the solar light of the light collector, and focus on the realization of the effective directional transmission of parallel solar light by the light guide and reflector. The design of the software and hardware of the corresponding control system can be completed by reducing the loss in the transmission path to the maximum extent. The coordination of the light guide and the reflector in the transmission of light, the intelligent dimming of light should be controlled by the corresponding control system. The whole control system includes the hardware and software design of each module, so that it can accurately collect and process the solar light signal, and realize the photoelectric tracking process and the diurnal track tracking process of driving motor to complete the corresponding mechanical device action. The functions of monitoring and display, intelligent dimming and so on are realized. Finally, the system has good lighting effect in underground buildings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU964;TK519

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