本文選題：降雨模式　切入點(diǎn)：降雨量變化　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)80年代以來,西安市進(jìn)入了快速而穩(wěn)定的城市化發(fā)展階段,城市規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大。極端降雨和內(nèi)澇事件頻發(fā),對(duì)城市雨水排出設(shè)施提出更高要求。近年研究和關(guān)注的氣候變化熱點(diǎn)中,降雨模式特性研究受到較多關(guān)注,明確降雨模式變化,對(duì)城市雨水排水管網(wǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)可提供理論支撐。本文收集了西安市1961~2014年共計(jì)54年的自記降雨資料,分段統(tǒng)計(jì)了年均降雨量及降雨日數(shù)、大雨量、暴雨量及其降雨日數(shù)、降雨強(qiáng)度、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化降雨指數(shù)SPI和雨型等,對(duì)西安市降雨模式進(jìn)行多時(shí)間尺度和趨勢分析。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)西安市54年年均降雨量整體呈減少趨勢,年均降雨日數(shù)整體呈減少趨勢,降雨日數(shù)減少幅度大于降雨量減少幅度,降雨的集中度在增加。大雨最多發(fā)生在9月,暴雨最多發(fā)生在7月,年均總大雨降雨日數(shù)和降雨量、暴雨降雨日數(shù)和暴雨量均呈上升趨勢,并且降雨量的增加幅度均大于降雨日數(shù)的增加幅度。(2)西安市干旱主要以輕旱和中旱為主,1995年之后的干旱主要以中旱為主,輕旱和中旱在7~9月份的發(fā)生頻率均較其他月份比較低;54年分段年均SPI指數(shù)分布趨勢與西安市分段年均降雨量變化趨勢一致。(3)相同降雨強(qiáng)度,在不同時(shí)期重現(xiàn)期不同,同一強(qiáng)度降雨的重現(xiàn)期在近年分段呈下降趨勢;在相同重現(xiàn)期條件下,短歷時(shí)降雨強(qiáng)度呈現(xiàn)共5次先升高后降低的周期變化,歷時(shí)越短周期變化越明顯;短歷時(shí)和長歷時(shí)降雨的降雨強(qiáng)度隨年份的增加整體呈減少趨勢。(4)隨著選樣年份的增加,西安市60min短歷時(shí)降雨的降雨過程更趨于緩和,120min的短歷時(shí)降雨的雨型由雙峰型變?yōu)閱畏逍?降雨集中度有變大趨勢,且主要集中在5~30 min時(shí)段發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:Since the 1980s, Xi'an has entered a rapid and stable stage of urbanization. The scale of the city has been expanding. Extreme rainfall and waterlogging have occurred frequently. More attention has been paid to the characteristics of rainfall patterns among the hot spots on climate change that have been studied and paid close attention to in recent years, and it is clear that rainfall patterns are changing. In this paper, the self-recorded rainfall data of 54 years from 1961 to 2014 in Xi'an are collected, and the average annual rainfall and rainfall days, heavy rainfall, storm rainfall and rainfall days, rainfall intensity are counted. Standardized rainfall index (SPI) and rainfall pattern were analyzed in this paper. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the average annual rainfall in Xi'an is decreasing in 54 years, and the annual rainfall days in Xi'an are decreasing. The number of days of rain decreased more than the amount of rainfall, and the concentration of rainfall increased. Heavy rain occurred most in September, and heavy rain occurred most in July, with the average annual total rainfall days and rainfall. The number of rainstorm days and storm rainfall are both on the rise, and the increasing range of rainfall is larger than that of rainfall days.) drought in Xi'an is mainly light drought and moderate drought, and the drought after 1995 is mainly moderate drought. The frequency of mild drought and moderate drought in July and September were lower than that in other months, and the distribution trend of SPI index in 54 years was the same as that in Xi'an.) the rainfall intensity was the same as that in Xi'an, and the recurrence period was different in different periods. The recurrence period of the rainfall of the same intensity showed a downward trend in recent years, and under the condition of the same recurrence period, the intensity of the short-duration rainfall increased first and then decreased for a total of five times, and the shorter the duration was, the more obvious the change was. The rainfall intensity of short duration and long duration rainfall decreased with the increase of year. 4) with the increase of sample selection year, the rainfall process of 60min short duration rainfall in Xi'an tended to moderate the rainfall pattern of short duration rainfall of 120min from double peak type to single peak type. The rainfall concentration tends to increase, and it mainly occurs in the period of 5 ~ 30 min.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU992.0

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