本文選題：雨水系統(tǒng)　切入點：管網(wǎng)模型　出處：《清華大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：全球范圍的氣候不規(guī)律導(dǎo)致暴雨頻發(fā),而國內(nèi)各城市在遭遇較大暴雨時多次出現(xiàn)嚴重的城市內(nèi)澇以及水體污染事故,造成了居民人身和財產(chǎn)的損失,也破壞了城市的日常秩序。究其內(nèi)因,是由于國內(nèi)各城市的排水系統(tǒng)建設(shè)標準過低,同時城市排水系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)資料嚴重缺失,因此難以對其進行有效的管理和維護。目前排水系統(tǒng)信息化發(fā)展較快,國內(nèi)外研究人員開發(fā)出了多種排水系統(tǒng)模型,此外LID已被世界各國普遍接受,并開發(fā)出了多種技術(shù)措施,二者均得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。故本文擬利用排水系統(tǒng)模型和LID技術(shù)措施進行城市排水系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃技術(shù)研究,為國內(nèi)城市頻繁的內(nèi)澇災(zāi)害提供一種新的解決方案。本文首先使用排水模型對研究區(qū)的排水系統(tǒng)進行了建模,通過基礎(chǔ)資料收集、模型數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入、模型元素修正、降雨情景設(shè)定和模型參數(shù)校核等建立起了完整且準確的研究區(qū)排水系統(tǒng)模型。模型元素的修正采用了現(xiàn)場勘查和剖面圖校對方法,使得模型系統(tǒng)中元素的物理屬性與實際情況相符合;模型參數(shù)校核采用了手動調(diào)整方式,通過實測結(jié)果與模擬結(jié)果的對比將模型元素的各個計算參數(shù)進行了微調(diào),把模擬結(jié)果的準確度控制在90%以上;在降雨情景的設(shè)定中,本文將單一周期暴雨分公式曲線轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的芝加哥雨型曲線,雨峰系數(shù)設(shè)置為0.2。之后對研究區(qū)在11種暴雨重現(xiàn)期下的運行狀況進行了詳細分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)在較高重現(xiàn)期下其排水管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)會發(fā)生嚴重的溢流,進而導(dǎo)致大面積內(nèi)澇和道路阻斷。并在此詳細分析的基礎(chǔ)上對多種LID設(shè)施的功能特點以及研究區(qū)下墊面的適用性進行了分析,確定出了適用于研究區(qū)下墊面的4個備選LID設(shè)施建設(shè)方案,擬通過低沖擊開發(fā)改造來提升研究區(qū)排水系統(tǒng)抵抗暴雨襲擊的能力。隨后利用層次分析法對4個備選的LID建設(shè)方案進行了效能分析,綜合比較了備選方案在徑流控制方面和經(jīng)濟指標方面的效能優(yōu)劣,得出了最優(yōu)方案,最優(yōu)方案可以明顯改善研究區(qū)排水系統(tǒng)在高重現(xiàn)期降雨下的溢流情況和內(nèi)澇現(xiàn)狀,且在經(jīng)濟指標方面處于最優(yōu)。在100a重現(xiàn)期下,最優(yōu)方案對徑流總量的削減率為40%,對溢流節(jié)點數(shù)目、節(jié)點平均溢流時間和道路阻斷時間的降低程度均達到70%以上。
[Abstract]:The irregular climate around the world leads to frequent rainstorms, while many serious urban waterlogging and water pollution accidents occur in domestic cities when they encounter heavy rainstorms, resulting in the loss of people's lives and property. It also destroys the daily order of the city. The internal cause is that the construction standards of the drainage systems in various cities in China are too low, and the basic data of the urban drainage systems are seriously lacking. Therefore, it is difficult to manage and maintain the drainage system effectively. At present, the drainage system information is developing rapidly. Researchers at home and abroad have developed a variety of drainage system models. In addition, LID has been widely accepted in the world, and many technical measures have been developed. Both of them have been widely used. Therefore, this paper intends to use the drainage system model and LID technology measures to study the urban drainage system planning technology. This paper provides a new solution for frequent waterlogging disasters in domestic cities. Firstly, the drainage model is used to model the drainage system in the study area. Through the collection of basic data, the introduction of model data, the modification of model elements, A complete and accurate drainage system model of the study area has been established by setting up rainfall scenarios and checking model parameters. The modification of model elements has adopted the methods of on-site survey and cross-section proofreading. The physical properties of the elements in the model system are consistent with the actual conditions, and the model parameters are calibrated manually, and the calculation parameters of the model elements are fine-tuned by comparing the measured results with the simulation results. The accuracy of the simulation results is controlled to more than 90%, and in the setting of rainfall scenarios, the one-cycle rainstorm sub-formula curve is converted into the corresponding Chicago rain curve. The peak coefficient of rain is set to 0.2. Then, the operating conditions of the study area under 11 kinds of rainstorm recurrence period are analyzed in detail, and it is found that serious overflow will occur in the drainage pipe network system under the higher recurrence period. On the basis of the detailed analysis, the functional characteristics of various LID facilities and the applicability of the underlying surface in the study area are analyzed. Four alternative LID facilities for the underlying surface of the study area have been identified. In order to improve the ability of drainage system to resist rainstorm in the study area through low-impact development and transformation, this paper analyzes the effectiveness of four alternative LID construction schemes by using the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The effectiveness of the alternative scheme in runoff control and economic index is compared, and the optimal scheme is obtained. The optimal scheme can obviously improve the overflow and waterlogging situation of drainage system under high recurrence rainfall in the study area. In the 100a recurrence period, the reduction rate of the optimal scheme to the total runoff is 40%, and the reduction degree of the number of overflow nodes, the average overflow time and the road blocking time of the overflow nodes are over 70%.
【學位授予單位】：清華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU992

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