本文關(guān)鍵詞：開洞低矮建筑風(fēng)壓特性的數(shù)值模擬研究　出處：《遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 開洞結(jié)構(gòu) 低矮建筑 風(fēng)壓特性 多個主開洞 開洞索穹頂結(jié)構(gòu)

【摘要】：歷年風(fēng)災(zāi)調(diào)查表明,低矮建筑的風(fēng)災(zāi)破壞約占總風(fēng)災(zāi)破壞的一半以上,而低矮建筑的整體損壞主要由局部破壞造成,這種局部破壞很大部分是由建筑物的開洞引起的。通常低矮建筑會因使用功能需要,或在強(qiáng)風(fēng)中因風(fēng)致飛擲物的撞擊導(dǎo)致門窗破壞而形成開洞,開洞后低矮建筑的洞口處的內(nèi)部風(fēng)壓會驟然增大,此時抗風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)構(gòu)風(fēng)壓不僅要考慮外壓作用,還要考慮內(nèi)外壓的共同作用。目前國內(nèi)外對開孔低矮建筑的風(fēng)壓特性研究尚處于探索階段,工程師們在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)時通常忽略或粗略估計(jì)風(fēng)致內(nèi)壓作用,目前各國規(guī)范對于開洞建筑的風(fēng)壓取值也未作出明確規(guī)定,這樣會造成建筑結(jié)構(gòu)安全的巨大隱患。為此,本文對開孔低矮建筑的風(fēng)壓特性進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,以期為開孔低矮建筑抗風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)提供有益的參考。本文基于流體動力學(xué)(CFD)原理,首先采用數(shù)值模擬方法模擬了國際通用低矮建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模型TTU的風(fēng)壓特性,通過數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果和已有TTU試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的對比分析,驗(yàn)證了數(shù)值模擬方法研究開洞低矮房屋風(fēng)壓特性的準(zhǔn)確性和可靠性。其次本文對多個主開洞的低矮建筑的風(fēng)壓特性進(jìn)行了研究。目前開孔低矮建筑風(fēng)致內(nèi)壓的研究成果中,對于單個主開洞的風(fēng)壓特性研究較多,但多個主開洞的情況在低矮建筑中也是很常見的,而相關(guān)研究卻是極為有限。本文研究了低矮建筑單面多個主開洞和多面多個主開洞時,在不同風(fēng)速和風(fēng)向角下低矮建筑的風(fēng)壓變化規(guī)律,并與單面開單洞的風(fēng)壓變化規(guī)律進(jìn)行了對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)了多個主開洞低矮建筑的風(fēng)壓特性規(guī)律。提出了“通口效應(yīng)”,即低矮建筑在多面開多個主洞口時,當(dāng)迎風(fēng)面開洞位置、背風(fēng)面開洞位置和風(fēng)向在一條直線上時,迎風(fēng)面和背風(fēng)面的風(fēng)壓系數(shù)達(dá)到最小值(除90°風(fēng)向角)。研究結(jié)果為多個主開洞低矮房屋的抗風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)提供了依據(jù)。最后研究了新型低矮建筑——索穹頂結(jié)構(gòu)存在開洞時的風(fēng)壓特性,目前對于開洞索穹頂風(fēng)致內(nèi)壓特性的研究尚處于空白狀態(tài)。本文研究了不同開洞位置、不同風(fēng)向角、不同風(fēng)速時,索穹頂結(jié)構(gòu)的風(fēng)壓分布規(guī)律。較詳細(xì)的分析了開洞穹頂結(jié)構(gòu)的平均風(fēng)壓系數(shù)變化規(guī)律,為開洞索穹頂結(jié)構(gòu)的抗風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)提供了有價值的參考。本文研究得到的主要結(jié)論包括：(1)“通口效應(yīng)”的存在：低矮建筑在兩面或多面開多個主洞口時,當(dāng)迎風(fēng)面開洞位置、背風(fēng)面開洞位置和風(fēng)向在一條直線上時迎風(fēng)面、背風(fēng)面的風(fēng)壓系數(shù)達(dá)到一個最小值(除90°風(fēng)向角)。(2)低矮建筑在多面開洞時,當(dāng)迎風(fēng)面開孔數(shù)量越多背風(fēng)面開孔數(shù)量越少,無論是迎風(fēng)面還是背風(fēng)面建筑物洞口處的平均風(fēng)壓系數(shù)都有增大的趨勢,這是因?yàn)榇朔N條件下建筑對風(fēng)的阻礙作用增大所致。(3)低矮房屋在三面開孔時,0°-60°風(fēng)向角下建筑物迎風(fēng)面、背風(fēng)面和側(cè)面的平均風(fēng)壓系數(shù)都為正值,這與建筑單面、雙面開孔時的情況有所不同。(4)索穹頂結(jié)構(gòu)在單個主開洞口時和低矮建筑一樣,在其它條件不變時,洞口處的平均風(fēng)壓系數(shù)隨著風(fēng)速的增加而逐漸增大,但有所區(qū)別的是索穹頂結(jié)構(gòu)迎風(fēng)面的平均風(fēng)壓系數(shù)多數(shù)在大于1的范圍之內(nèi)。索穹頂結(jié)構(gòu)在單面開洞時,隨著開洞高度的變化結(jié)構(gòu)頂部的平均風(fēng)壓系數(shù)的正負(fù)變化明顯。(5)由于索穹頂結(jié)構(gòu)幾何形態(tài)的漸變性,當(dāng)開洞位置和風(fēng)向角變化時,結(jié)構(gòu)表面存在平均風(fēng)壓系數(shù)為零的點(diǎn)、或線。(6)索穹頂結(jié)構(gòu)開洞時的風(fēng)壓特性與未開洞相比會發(fā)生較大改變,在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)時應(yīng)引起足夠重視。
[Abstract]:The investigation reveals that the typhoon, low building wind damage to more than half of total damage, and overall damage to low rise building is mainly caused by local damage, the local damage is mostly caused by the building openings. Usually low buildings because of the use function, or in the wind by throwing the impact of wind fly doors lead to damage the formation of holes, the holes of internal pressure low rise building openings will suddenly increase, the wind structure of wind resistant design should not only consider the effect of external pressure, but also consider the joint action of internal and external pressure. At home and abroad to study the characteristics of wind pressure hole of low rise building is still at the exploratory stage, engineers often ignore or a rough estimate of wind-induced internal pressure acting on the structure design, the current national standard for wind pressure opening building is not made it clear that this will cause the building. The great hidden danger of safety. Therefore, this paper made a systematic study on the characteristics of wind pressure hole of low rise building, in order to provide a useful reference for the opening of low rise building wind resistant design. In this paper, based on fluid dynamics (CFD) principle, firstly, using the method of numerical simulation of wind pressure characteristics for low rise building international standard model TTU to simulate the. Through comparative analysis of numerical simulation results and existing TTU test results, verify the accuracy and reliability of the numerical simulation method to study the opening of wind pressure characteristics. Secondly, low building for a plurality of openings of the main wind pressure characteristics were studied. The current research results of wind-induced internal pressure in hole of low rise buildings, for more research on wind pressure the main characteristics of a single hole, but a number of openings is very common in the low rise building, and related research is extremely limited. This paper studied the low building On one side of a plurality of main openings and a plurality of main surface openings, pressure variation in different wind speed and wind direction of low rise building, and with pressure variation of single hole were compared, discovered the law of wind pressure characteristics of a plurality of main openings. Low rise buildings put forward "hole effect", which is low the building in the multi-faceted open multiple main entrance, when the position of windward leeward openings, opening location and direction in a straight line, the windward and leeward wind pressure coefficient reaches the minimum value (in addition to the 90 degree of wind direction). The research results provide a basis for wind resistant design of a plurality of main openings low houses. At the end of the new low rise buildings - cable dome structure has the characteristics of wind pressure openings, the opening of cable dome wind-induced internal pressure study is still in the blank. This paper studies the different opening position, different wind direction, wind speed is not the same The wind pressure distribution, the cable dome structure. A more detailed analysis of the average wind pressure coefficient changes with the dome structure, which provides valuable reference for the opening of cable dome structure wind resistant design. The main conclusions of this study include: (1) the "hole effect" in: low rise buildings open the main entrance on both sides or more, when the position of windward leeward openings, opening location and direction in a straight line on the windward and leeward side of the wind pressure coefficient reaches a minimum value (except the wind angle of 90 ~). (2) low rise buildings in multiple openings, when the windward opening number the leeward side opening number less, both the average wind pressure coefficient of windward or leeward building openings have a tendency to increase, this is because the conditions of building block wind increased. (3) low rise buildings on three sides opening, 0 ~ -60 Degree of wind direction of buildings under the windward side, the average wind pressure coefficient and side surfaces of the leeward is positive, and the double hole single building, the situation is somewhat different. (4) the cable dome structure in a single primary open hole and low rise buildings, in other conditions remain unchanged, the average wind pressure coefficient at the entrance gradually increases with the increase of wind speed, but the difference is that the cable dome structure the windward surface of the average wind pressure coefficient is greater than 1 in most of the scope of the cable dome structure in single hole, with positive and negative average wind pressure coefficient variation of the height of the opening at the top of the structure change obviously. (5) because of the gradual change of cable dome the structure, when the opening location and direction angle, the average wind pressure coefficient is zero point or line structure of the surface. (6) cable dome structure with the characteristics of wind pressure when compared with no openings will change greatly in structure. Time should be given enough attention.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TU312.1

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