【摘要】：小額信貸機構(gòu)的設(shè)立初衷是為低收入人群提供無抵押、無擔(dān)保的小額信用貸款。從上世紀(jì)七十年代發(fā)展至今,小額信貸作為金額市場的有益補充,打破了市場失靈、解決了金融排斥問題。目前,小額信貸的供給主體正在從政府和公益性機構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯虡I(yè)企業(yè)和組織等小額信貸機構(gòu),需求主體從貧困人群轉(zhuǎn)為低收入人群、自就業(yè)者和微型企業(yè)等。自2008年我國政府鼓勵小額信貸機構(gòu)填補金融市場空白發(fā)展至今,在經(jīng)歷了迅速擴張到緩慢發(fā)展兩個階段后,2016年,小額信貸機構(gòu)首次出現(xiàn)了機構(gòu)數(shù)目減少的情況。為了滿足我國金融市場的發(fā)展要求和促進經(jīng)濟增長,小額信貸機構(gòu)必須實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。文章首先闡述了小額信貸機構(gòu)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的研究背景與意義,總結(jié)了相關(guān)研究,確立了文章的研究目標(biāo)和重點。在界定小額信貸機構(gòu)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的相關(guān)概念和闡釋相關(guān)理論基礎(chǔ)后,介紹分析我國小額信貸機構(gòu)的發(fā)展歷程、現(xiàn)狀和具體問題;并通過實證檢驗分析小額信貸機構(gòu)績效實現(xiàn)情況。運用國際上通用的指標(biāo)評價小額信貸機構(gòu)的社會效益、財務(wù)績效的實現(xiàn)情況,利用數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)模型來分析小額信貸機構(gòu)的多投入產(chǎn)出的方式是否在技術(shù)上有效,通過中介法檢驗了各類型小額信貸機構(gòu)的財務(wù)績效完成情況和出現(xiàn)的問題。而后,介紹小額信貸機構(gòu)的發(fā)展歷程并分析國內(nèi)外案例以獲得經(jīng)驗和啟示。通過分析,本文發(fā)現(xiàn)我國小額信貸機構(gòu)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展不僅是其自身發(fā)展的需要,也是我國金融市場和經(jīng)濟增長的需要。根據(jù)國際經(jīng)驗,小額信貸機構(gòu)必須根據(jù)一國的實際情況從補貼式福利主義機構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯虡I(yè)化可持續(xù)機構(gòu),為了完成我國小額信貸機構(gòu)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,相關(guān)主體都需要做出一定改進。最后,本文提出,要實現(xiàn)我國小額信貸機構(gòu)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,必須在外部通過采取更加靈活的利率政策和更有針對性的監(jiān)管政策解決小額信貸機構(gòu)在市場化、商業(yè)化改革中遇到的問題,在內(nèi)部轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)營模式、提高管理水平、創(chuàng)新小額信貸機構(gòu)服務(wù)方式和產(chǎn)品類型,以實現(xiàn)小額信貸機構(gòu)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Microfinance institutions were set up to provide low-income people with unsecured, unsecured microcredit loans. From the seventies of the last century, microfinance as a beneficial supplement to the money market has broken the market failure and solved the problem of financial exclusion. At present, the main supply of micro-credit is changing from government and public welfare organizations to micro-credit institutions such as commercial enterprises and organizations, the main body of demand from the poor to low-income people, self-employed and micro-enterprises and so on. Since 2008, our government has encouraged microfinance institutions to fill the gap in the financial market. After two stages of rapid expansion to slow development, the number of microfinance institutions has decreased for the first time in 2016. In order to meet the requirements of financial market development and promote economic growth, microfinance institutions must achieve sustainable development. Firstly, this paper expounds the research background and significance of the sustainable development of microfinance institutions, summarizes the relevant research, and establishes the research objectives and emphases. After defining the relevant concepts of the sustainable development of microfinance institutions and explaining the relevant theoretical basis, this paper introduces and analyzes the development history, current situation and specific problems of microfinance institutions in China. And through the empirical test to analyze the performance of microfinance institutions. The social benefits and financial performance of microfinance institutions are evaluated by international common indicators. The data envelope model is used to analyze whether the multi-input-output mode of microfinance institutions is technically effective. The financial performance and problems of various types of microfinance institutions are tested by intermediary method. Then, the development of microfinance institutions and analysis of domestic and foreign cases to obtain experience and inspiration. Through analysis, this paper finds that the sustainable development of microfinance institutions in China is not only the need of their own development, but also the needs of our financial market and economic growth. According to international experience, microfinance institutions must change from subsidized welfare institutions to commercial sustainable institutions according to the actual situation of a country, in order to achieve the sustainable development of microcredit institutions in our country. Relevant subjects need to make some improvements. Finally, this paper points out that in order to achieve the sustainable development of microfinance institutions in China, we must adopt more flexible interest rate policies and more targeted regulatory policies to solve the marketization of microfinance institutions. In order to realize the sustainable development of microfinance institutions, the problems encountered in the reform of commercialization include changing the management mode, improving the management level, innovating the service mode and product types of microfinance institutions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F832.39

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