本文選題：比特幣 + 區(qū)塊鏈　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：自20世紀(jì)90年代以來(lái),互聯(lián)網(wǎng)方興未艾,逐步從高校、科研機(jī)構(gòu)和政府部門(mén)進(jìn)入普羅大眾家中�；诨ヂ�(lián)網(wǎng)的應(yīng)用服務(wù),充分體現(xiàn)出了不同于傳統(tǒng)服務(wù)的跨區(qū)域、高效率、低成本和個(gè)性化的特征和優(yōu)勢(shì)。金融行業(yè)是較早與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)生接觸和碰撞的傳統(tǒng)行業(yè)。銀行、證券和保險(xiǎn)業(yè)等在20世紀(jì)60年代就逐步用計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)化代替人工操作。在90年代中后期,我國(guó)銀行業(yè)即基本實(shí)現(xiàn)全國(guó)范圍的計(jì)算機(jī)處理聯(lián)網(wǎng)、互聯(lián)互通等。金融業(yè)與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)深度融合的產(chǎn)物,就是當(dāng)下以支付結(jié)算和融資中介為代表,如火如荼的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融。網(wǎng)絡(luò)支付是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融的發(fā)展的先導(dǎo)。從早期的電子支票、銀行卡到時(shí)下的第三方支付、電子貨幣,從傳統(tǒng)形式的有線網(wǎng)絡(luò)到無(wú)處不在的無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò),個(gè)人終端支付活動(dòng)的形式在不斷變化。整個(gè)支付行業(yè)規(guī)模巨大：以我國(guó)第三方支付為例,從2010年到2012年,交易規(guī)模由3.2萬(wàn)億激增到10.9萬(wàn)億；截止2013年1月,以支付寶、微信支付為代表的第三方支付企業(yè)已達(dá)到223家。傳統(tǒng)金融機(jī)構(gòu)主導(dǎo)著電子支票和銀行卡產(chǎn)業(yè),而互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司的開(kāi)拓則創(chuàng)造出各式各樣的電子貨幣。作為電子貨幣中反傳統(tǒng)的類(lèi)型,以比特幣為代表的密碼學(xué)貨幣的發(fā)展更是備受矚目。2008年11月1日,自稱(chēng)“中本聰(Satoshi Nakamoto)”的匿名用戶(hù)(或組織),在密碼學(xué)討論組metzdowd.com上,發(fā)表論文《Bitcoin:A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System》,正式定義比特幣系統(tǒng)。5年后,2013年3月,比特幣總市值超過(guò)10億美元。眾多投資人、研究人被其吸引,參與其中。2012年9月,以色列魏茨曼科學(xué)研究所的研究人員Dorit Ron和Adi Shamir發(fā)表論文,對(duì)比特幣區(qū)塊鏈上的交易信息做了量化統(tǒng)計(jì)工作。兩位研究人員以2012年5月13日之前的數(shù)據(jù)為例,對(duì)比特幣交易行為、用戶(hù)信息做出了一定程度上的描述。本文在此工作的基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)探索,主要做了如下工作：通過(guò)混合使用MySQL和LevelDB數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)可以運(yùn)行于個(gè)人電腦的比特幣系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)提取程序,可以提取包括區(qū)塊、交易、地址在內(nèi)的相關(guān)信息,并可以按照需要進(jìn)行不同的統(tǒng)計(jì)工作。統(tǒng)計(jì)了2009年1月至2015年12月共7年中比特幣系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù),內(nèi)容包含區(qū)塊難度、區(qū)塊文件大小、區(qū)塊包含交易數(shù)、用戶(hù)數(shù)量變化,余額分布、參與交易次數(shù)、交易金額大小、交易費(fèi)用等諸多內(nèi)容,是目前比較完整的關(guān)于比特幣系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)。以區(qū)塊擴(kuò)容問(wèn)題為線索,對(duì)提取所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析和比較,探討比特幣系統(tǒng)矛盾之處。
[Abstract]:Since the 1990s, the Internet has been in the ascendant, gradually from universities, scientific research institutions and government departments into the general public home. The application service based on Internet fully embodies the characteristics and advantages of cross-region, high efficiency, low cost and individuation, which are different from traditional services. Financial industry is earlier and Internet contact and collision of the traditional industry. Banks, securities and insurance companies gradually replaced manual operations with computer automation in the 1960 s. In the middle and late 1990s, China's banking industry basically realized nationwide computer processing networking, interconnection and so on. The product of deep integration of financial industry and Internet is Internet finance, which is represented by payment settlement and financing intermediary. Network payment is the forerunner of the development of internet finance. From early electronic cheques, bank cards to current third-party payments, electronic money, from traditional wired networks to ubiquitous wireless networks, the form of personal terminal payment activity is constantly changing. The scale of the whole payment industry is huge: take our country's third-party payment as an example, from 2010 to 2012, the transaction scale soared from 3.2 trillion to 10.9 trillion; until January, 2013, the third-party payment enterprises represented by Alipay and WeChat Pay have reached 223. Traditional financial institutions dominate the electronic cheque and card industries, while Internet companies create all kinds of e-money. As an anti-traditional type of electronic currency, the development of cryptographic currency, represented by bitcoin, has attracted much attention. On November 1, 2008, anonymous users (or organizations) calling themselves "Satoshi Nakamototo Nakamototo," or "Satoshi Nakamototo," were posted on the cryptographic discussion Group metzdowd.com. The paper, "Bitcoin: a Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash system", formally defines the Bitcoin system. Five years later, in March 2013, the total market value of Bitcoin exceeded $1 billion. Dorit Ron and Adi Shamir, researchers at the Weizman Institute of Science in Israel, published a paper in September 2012 to quantify trade information on the Bitcoin block chain. The two researchers used data from May 13, 2012 as an example, to describe the behavior of Bitcoin transactions and user information to a certain extent. On the basis of this work, this paper continues to explore, mainly doing the following work: by using MySQL and LevelDB database, a bitcoin system data extraction program which can run on personal computer is designed, which can extract blocks and transactions. Address including relevant information, and can be according to the need for different statistical work. From January 2009 to December 2015, the data generated by Bitcoin system were counted, including the difficulty of block, the size of block file, the number of transactions, the number of users, the distribution of balance, the number of transactions, the amount of transaction. Transaction costs and many other content, is the more complete data on the Bitcoin system statistics. Based on the cues of block expansion, the extracted data are analyzed and compared, and the contradictions of bitcoin system are discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP311.52;F821

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