本文選題：小額信貸 + 農村�。� 參考：《首都經(jīng)濟貿易大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著農業(yè)經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展以及產業(yè)結構的不斷調整,農民對資金的需求越來越多,但是農村的金融市場是存在著一定的缺陷,目前沒能有效的解決農戶的信貸的需求,關于農戶貸款這一塊的問題仍然比較突出,阻礙了農村地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟以及整個社會的全面健康地發(fā)展�！敖杩铍y”,“難借款”成了農村借款者和小額信貸機構之間相互難以解決的矛盾。國外在小額信貸方面的研究領先于中國,其在不斷的發(fā)展過程中得出了很多寶貴的有啟示的經(jīng)驗。如孟加拉格萊珉銀行模式、印度尼西亞人民銀行模式以及玻利維亞陽光銀行模式等,這些發(fā)展模式在經(jīng)營理念和風險控制方面都有區(qū)別,但是他們在各自的國家發(fā)展的很好。中國農村的小額信貸發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在,也有一定的成果但是依然在一個試驗探索的階段,可以嘗試借鑒國外成功的小額貸款模式來解決中國農村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的金融需求。本文以貧困惡性循環(huán)理論、不完全競爭理論和信息不對稱理論為基礎,分析了發(fā)展小額信貸的必要性和緊迫性,闡述了中國小額貸款的發(fā)展及現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)展階段、發(fā)展模式,指出中國在小額信貸發(fā)展中面臨的主要問題。采用比較分析方法,歸納部分國家和地區(qū)小額信貸基本情況、經(jīng)營理念、組織結構、資金來源、貸款對象、貸款利率、風險管機制、經(jīng)濟效益與社會效益內涵。分析其成功經(jīng)驗,得出對中國小額信貸發(fā)展應加大政策支持,包括降低或減免有關小額信貸方面的稅收和完善農業(yè)保險法;減少地方政府對銀行的行政干預;明確非政府組織與小額信貸公司的法律地位;通過建立和完善小額信貸的相關立法、明確監(jiān)管主體和監(jiān)管原則以及創(chuàng)新監(jiān)管技術等方面來完善中國小額信貸的監(jiān)管體系;實行靈活合理的高利率;通過建立存款保證金、貸款保險基金和民營資本等來解決小額信貸機構的資金來源;通過設計抵押品和擔保形式、建立公共小額信貸的征信系統(tǒng)、建立小額信貸網(wǎng)上管理系統(tǒng)、建構中心會議制度、貸款保險制度、分期還款制度和動態(tài)激勵制度、創(chuàng)新中國小額信貸產品和組織員工和農戶培訓這些措施來加強小額信貸的風險控制。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of agricultural economy and the constant adjustment of industrial structure, farmers' demand for funds is increasing. However, the rural financial market has some defects, and has not been able to effectively solve the credit needs of farmers. The problem of peasant household loan is still prominent, which hinders the overall and healthy development of rural economy and the whole society. "difficult to borrow" and "difficult to borrow" has become an intractable contradiction between rural borrowers and microfinance institutions. The research on microfinance abroad is ahead of that in China, and it has gained a lot of valuable and enlightening experiences in the process of continuous development. The Bangladesh Grameen Bank model, the Indonesian people's Bank model and the Bolivian Sunshine Bank model all differ in business philosophy and risk control, but they are well developed in their respective countries. There are still some achievements in the development of micro-credit in rural China, but it is still in a stage of experiment and exploration. We can try to learn from the successful microfinance model of foreign countries to solve the financial needs of the development of rural economy in China. Based on the theory of vicious circle of poverty, the theory of incomplete competition and the theory of information asymmetry, this paper analyzes the necessity and urgency of developing micro-credit, and expounds the development and present situation, stage and mode of development of microfinance in China. This paper points out the main problems that China faces in the development of microfinance. By using the method of comparative analysis, this paper sums up the basic situation, management idea, organization structure, source of funds, loan object, loan interest rate, risk management mechanism, economic benefit and social benefit of some countries and regions. Through the analysis of its successful experience, it is concluded that policy support should be increased for the development of micro-credit in China, including reducing or reducing taxes on micro-credit and perfecting agricultural insurance law, reducing the administrative intervention of local governments on banks; To clarify the legal status of NGOs and microfinance companies, to perfect the supervision system of Chinese microfinance by establishing and perfecting the relevant legislation of micro-credit, clarifying the subject and principle of supervision, and innovating the supervisory technology, etc. To implement flexible and reasonable high interest rates; to solve the sources of funds of microfinance institutions by establishing deposit deposits, loan insurance funds and private capital; and to establish a credit system for public microcredit through the design of collateral and guarantee forms. To establish a micro-credit online management system, to construct a central conference system, a loan insurance system, a installment repayment system and a dynamic incentive system, Innovate China's microfinance products and organize staff and farmers to train these measures to strengthen microfinance risk control.
【學位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟貿易大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F832.4

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本文編號：1983859