本文選題：小額信貸 + 農(nóng)村　； 參考：《首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展以及產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的不斷調(diào)整,農(nóng)民對(duì)資金的需求越來(lái)越多,但是農(nóng)村的金融市場(chǎng)是存在著一定的缺陷,目前沒(méi)能有效的解決農(nóng)戶的信貸的需求,關(guān)于農(nóng)戶貸款這一塊的問(wèn)題仍然比較突出,阻礙了農(nóng)村地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)以及整個(gè)社會(huì)的全面健康地發(fā)展�！敖杩铍y”,“難借款”成了農(nóng)村借款者和小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)之間相互難以解決的矛盾。國(guó)外在小額信貸方面的研究領(lǐng)先于中國(guó),其在不斷的發(fā)展過(guò)程中得出了很多寶貴的有啟示的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。如孟加拉格萊珉銀行模式、印度尼西亞人民銀行模式以及玻利維亞陽(yáng)光銀行模式等,這些發(fā)展模式在經(jīng)營(yíng)理念和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制方面都有區(qū)別,但是他們?cè)诟髯缘膰?guó)家發(fā)展的很好。中國(guó)農(nóng)村的小額信貸發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在,也有一定的成果但是依然在一個(gè)試驗(yàn)探索的階段,可以嘗試借鑒國(guó)外成功的小額貸款模式來(lái)解決中國(guó)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的金融需求。本文以貧困惡性循環(huán)理論、不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)理論和信息不對(duì)稱理論為基礎(chǔ),分析了發(fā)展小額信貸的必要性和緊迫性,闡述了中國(guó)小額貸款的發(fā)展及現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)展階段、發(fā)展模式,指出中國(guó)在小額信貸發(fā)展中面臨的主要問(wèn)題。采用比較分析方法,歸納部分國(guó)家和地區(qū)小額信貸基本情況、經(jīng)營(yíng)理念、組織結(jié)構(gòu)、資金來(lái)源、貸款對(duì)象、貸款利率、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管機(jī)制、經(jīng)濟(jì)效益與社會(huì)效益內(nèi)涵。分析其成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),得出對(duì)中國(guó)小額信貸發(fā)展應(yīng)加大政策支持,包括降低或減免有關(guān)小額信貸方面的稅收和完善農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)法;減少地方政府對(duì)銀行的行政干預(yù);明確非政府組織與小額信貸公司的法律地位;通過(guò)建立和完善小額信貸的相關(guān)立法、明確監(jiān)管主體和監(jiān)管原則以及創(chuàng)新監(jiān)管技術(shù)等方面來(lái)完善中國(guó)小額信貸的監(jiān)管體系;實(shí)行靈活合理的高利率;通過(guò)建立存款保證金、貸款保險(xiǎn)基金和民營(yíng)資本等來(lái)解決小額信貸機(jī)構(gòu)的資金來(lái)源;通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)抵押品和擔(dān)保形式、建立公共小額信貸的征信系統(tǒng)、建立小額信貸網(wǎng)上管理系統(tǒng)、建構(gòu)中心會(huì)議制度、貸款保險(xiǎn)制度、分期還款制度和動(dòng)態(tài)激勵(lì)制度、創(chuàng)新中國(guó)小額信貸產(chǎn)品和組織員工和農(nóng)戶培訓(xùn)這些措施來(lái)加強(qiáng)小額信貸的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development of agricultural economy and the constant adjustment of industrial structure, farmers' demand for funds is increasing. However, the rural financial market has some defects, and has not been able to effectively solve the credit needs of farmers. The problem of peasant household loan is still prominent, which hinders the overall and healthy development of rural economy and the whole society. "difficult to borrow" and "difficult to borrow" has become an intractable contradiction between rural borrowers and microfinance institutions. The research on microfinance abroad is ahead of that in China, and it has gained a lot of valuable and enlightening experiences in the process of continuous development. The Bangladesh Grameen Bank model, the Indonesian people's Bank model and the Bolivian Sunshine Bank model all differ in business philosophy and risk control, but they are well developed in their respective countries. There are still some achievements in the development of micro-credit in rural China, but it is still in a stage of experiment and exploration. We can try to learn from the successful microfinance model of foreign countries to solve the financial needs of the development of rural economy in China. Based on the theory of vicious circle of poverty, the theory of incomplete competition and the theory of information asymmetry, this paper analyzes the necessity and urgency of developing micro-credit, and expounds the development and present situation, stage and mode of development of microfinance in China. This paper points out the main problems that China faces in the development of microfinance. By using the method of comparative analysis, this paper sums up the basic situation, management idea, organization structure, source of funds, loan object, loan interest rate, risk management mechanism, economic benefit and social benefit of some countries and regions. Through the analysis of its successful experience, it is concluded that policy support should be increased for the development of micro-credit in China, including reducing or reducing taxes on micro-credit and perfecting agricultural insurance law, reducing the administrative intervention of local governments on banks; To clarify the legal status of NGOs and microfinance companies, to perfect the supervision system of Chinese microfinance by establishing and perfecting the relevant legislation of micro-credit, clarifying the subject and principle of supervision, and innovating the supervisory technology, etc. To implement flexible and reasonable high interest rates; to solve the sources of funds of microfinance institutions by establishing deposit deposits, loan insurance funds and private capital; and to establish a credit system for public microcredit through the design of collateral and guarantee forms. To establish a micro-credit online management system, to construct a central conference system, a loan insurance system, a installment repayment system and a dynamic incentive system, Innovate China's microfinance products and organize staff and farmers to train these measures to strengthen microfinance risk control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F832.4

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本文編號(hào)：1983858