【摘要】：隨著轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)和轉(zhuǎn)基因生物飛速發(fā)展,人們對它的爭論也越來越大。支持者認(rèn)為轉(zhuǎn)基因作物具有高產(chǎn)、抗蟲害、抗惡劣氣候、富含營養(yǎng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),對緩解糧食短缺、環(huán)境污染,應(yīng)對氣候變換,解決發(fā)展中國家貧困問題作用重大;同時還可以提高勞動生產(chǎn)效率,降低生產(chǎn)成本,促進(jìn)世界農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。反對者擔(dān)心轉(zhuǎn)基因食品帶來的潛在風(fēng)險,如食品安全、環(huán)境破壞等,影響人類健康和生態(tài)環(huán)境,這種爭論不僅影響轉(zhuǎn)基因食品消費(fèi)者行為,也影響到轉(zhuǎn)基因食品發(fā)展前景。在這場爭論中,起決定作用的是消費(fèi)者,隨著食品安全事件和消費(fèi)者事件頻發(fā),這些風(fēng)險又會導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)者行為上的反應(yīng),進(jìn)而影響消費(fèi)者對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的安全行為。因此,在轉(zhuǎn)基因食品行業(yè)不斷發(fā)展的形勢下研究消費(fèi)者對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的感知風(fēng)險狀況,探討影響消費(fèi)者風(fēng)險感知的影響因素,對了解風(fēng)險爭論產(chǎn)生的原因、構(gòu)建風(fēng)險溝通機(jī)制具有重要的理論與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。論文從消費(fèi)者視角出發(fā),以備受爭議的轉(zhuǎn)基因食品為研究對象,參閱大量的國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn),以社會風(fēng)險理論、消費(fèi)者行為理論為研究基礎(chǔ),選擇陜西省西安市區(qū)作為調(diào)研區(qū)域,通過問卷調(diào)查的形式了解西安市消費(fèi)者的基本情況、及其對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的態(tài)度和風(fēng)險感知等,系統(tǒng)地描述了消費(fèi)者對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的風(fēng)險感知狀況,采用方差分析和結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型,探討消費(fèi)者對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品感知風(fēng)險的形成機(jī)理。有針對性提出了我國轉(zhuǎn)基因食品發(fā)展的政策建議,為政府機(jī)構(gòu)和生產(chǎn)廠家提供了決策參考。研究結(jié)果顯示:(1)不同人口統(tǒng)計特征對感知風(fēng)險的影響有顯著差異;男性、高收入群體、高教育程度、年齡較大具備這些特征的消費(fèi)者對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品風(fēng)險比較敏感。(2)對轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的態(tài)度越積極,感知風(fēng)險越小。(3)消費(fèi)者社會信任越強(qiáng),感知風(fēng)險越小。(4)對健康越關(guān)心的消費(fèi)者,感知風(fēng)險越大。(5)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品知識越豐富,感知風(fēng)險越小。因此本文分別從社會團(tuán)體、政府、企業(yè)和消費(fèi)者角度提出相應(yīng)的政策建議。社會團(tuán)體應(yīng)該提供可靠的信息渠道,建立風(fēng)險溝通機(jī)制,增加消費(fèi)者社會信任。企業(yè)應(yīng)該增強(qiáng)顧客教育,提高消費(fèi)者轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)知識,主動維護(hù)消費(fèi)者的生命健康權(quán)。政府機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該政府應(yīng)該增加政策透明度,加強(qiáng)對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的監(jiān)管,提高政府公信力,增強(qiáng)消費(fèi)者信心。消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該發(fā)揮主觀能動性,加強(qiáng)對轉(zhuǎn)基因知識的學(xué)習(xí),正確認(rèn)識轉(zhuǎn)基因食品及其安全性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of transgenic technology and genetically modified organisms, there is a growing debate about it. Proponents believe that genetically modified crops have the advantages of high yield, pest resistance, climate resistance and nutrition, which play an important role in alleviating food shortage and environmental pollution, coping with climate change and solving poverty problems in developing countries. At the same time, they can improve labor production efficiency, reduce production costs and promote the sustainable development of world agriculture. Opponents are concerned that the potential risks of genetically modified food, such as food safety, environmental damage and so on, affect human health and ecological environment. This debate not only affects the consumer behavior of genetically modified food, but also affects the development prospects of genetically modified food. In this debate, it is consumers who play a decisive role. With the frequent occurrence of food safety events and consumer events, these risks will lead to consumer behavior response, and then affect consumers' safety behavior to genetically modified food. Therefore, under the continuous development of genetically modified food industry, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study consumers' perceived risk of genetically modified food, to explore the influencing factors of consumer risk perception, to understand the causes of risk debate and to construct risk communication mechanism. From the perspective of consumers, this paper takes the controversial genetically modified food as the research object, refers to a large number of domestic and foreign literature, based on the social risk theory and consumer behavior theory, selects Xi'an urban area of Shaanxi Province as the research area, through the form of questionnaire survey to understand the basic situation of Xi'an consumers, as well as their attitude to genetically modified food and risk perception, and so on. This paper systematically describes the risk perception of consumers to genetically modified food, and discusses the formation mechanism of consumer perception risk of genetically modified food by means of variance analysis and structural equation model. The policy suggestions for the development of genetically modified food in China were put forward, which provided decision-making reference for government agencies and manufacturers. The results show that: (1) there are significant differences in the influence of different demographic characteristics on perceived risk; Male, high-income group, high education level, older consumers with these characteristics are more sensitive to the risk of genetically modified food. (2) the more positive the attitude towards genetically modified technology, the smaller the perceived risk. (3) the stronger the social trust of consumers, the smaller the perceived risk. (4) the more concerned consumers are about health, the greater the perceived risk. (5) the richer the knowledge of genetically modified food, the smaller the perceived risk. Therefore, this paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations from the perspective of social organizations, government, enterprises and consumers. Social organizations should provide reliable information channels, establish risk communication mechanism, and increase consumer social trust. Enterprises should strengthen customer education, improve consumers' knowledge of transgenic technology, and take the initiative to safeguard consumers' right to life and health. Government agencies should increase policy transparency, strengthen the supervision of genetically modified foods, enhance the credibility of the government, and enhance consumer confidence. Consumers should give full play to subjective initiative, strengthen the study of genetically modified knowledge, and correctly understand genetically modified food and its safety.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F713.55

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本文編號：2503453