【摘要】：目前中國已崛起為全球第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體和第一貿(mào)易大國。截止到2013年,中國GDP總量達(dá)到91,850億美元,進(jìn)出口商品總額、出口商品額分別達(dá)到41,600億美元、22,096億美元,國際市場占有率為11.72%。我國出口商品額從2004年起趕超日本,至2013年已達(dá)到日本3倍。從總量上看,中國的全球市場份額遠(yuǎn)超日本,但并不表明中國的出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)競爭力已強(qiáng)于日本。本文將基于現(xiàn)有的理論框架和出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)競爭力的的評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,對中日出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)及其競爭力進(jìn)行深入的分析研究,從而準(zhǔn)確、全面地評價(jià)中國出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)的競爭力現(xiàn)狀。本文旨在對中日出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)競爭力進(jìn)行綜合評價(jià),評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系的構(gòu)建與分析模型的選擇是關(guān)鍵。本文先通過國際市場占有率、出口依存度對中日出口貿(mào)易進(jìn)行整體比較,然后把出口商品在SITC三位數(shù)水平上按Lall技術(shù)含量分為十類,使用出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)相似度指數(shù)、貿(mào)易競爭力指數(shù)、顯示性比較優(yōu)勢指數(shù)對中日出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)競爭力進(jìn)行細(xì)致研究,最后使用主成分分析模型對中日十類出口商品競爭力做出綜合評價(jià)。對中日出口商品相似度指數(shù)的測算結(jié)果表明,兩國出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)相似度在2008年之前趨于上升。2008年全球金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)后,兩國出口商品加速分化,出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)相似度不斷下降；通過主成分分析模型實(shí)證研究發(fā)現(xiàn),中日初級產(chǎn)品(PP)綜合競爭力都較差,但日本初級產(chǎn)品綜合競爭力已超過中國；中國的農(nóng)業(yè)類資源型產(chǎn)品(RB1)綜合競爭力也有被日本趕超的勢頭,日本其他資源型產(chǎn)品(RB2)綜合競爭力一直強(qiáng)于中國,2013年被中國略微趕超；日本低技術(shù)含量產(chǎn)品(LT1、LT2)綜合競爭力仍遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于中國,但出現(xiàn)上升勢頭；中國各類中技術(shù)含量產(chǎn)品(MT1、MT2、MT3)的綜合競爭力均弱于日本,其中自動(dòng)化設(shè)備(MT1)與日本差距最為懸殊；中國電子和電力產(chǎn)品(HT1)綜合競爭力已后來居上,遠(yuǎn)超日本。中國其他高技術(shù)含量產(chǎn)品(HT2)綜合競爭力落后于日本,但日本該類產(chǎn)品也缺乏競爭力�；谝陨蠈�(shí)證分析結(jié)果,并結(jié)合相關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論及日本在出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)升級過程中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),本文提出以下提升我國出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)競爭力的政策建議：建立鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新的制度安排,從立法、稅收、財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼等方面對以企業(yè)為主體的研發(fā)活動(dòng)尤其是基礎(chǔ)研究給予支持；進(jìn)行中高端人才培養(yǎng)的頂層設(shè)計(jì),充分利用財(cái)政資金和各種社會資源發(fā)展職業(yè)教育,為深化校企合作、產(chǎn)教融合創(chuàng)造有利條件,打通高端人才培養(yǎng)機(jī)制；大力推動(dòng)金融市場改革和多層次資本市場建設(shè),為支持創(chuàng)新的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資發(fā)展提供土壤,建立起金融支持產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型和出口商品結(jié)構(gòu)升級的良性機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:At present, China has emerged as the world's second largest economy and largest trading power. By 2013, China's total GDP had reached US $9.185 trillion, and its total import and export commodities had reached US $4.16 trillion and US $2.2096 trillion respectively, with an international market share of 11.72 percent. China's export volume has overtaken Japan since 2004 and has reached three times as much as Japan in 2013. In total, China's global market share far exceeds that of Japan, but it does not mean that China's export structure is already more competitive than Japan. Based on the existing theoretical framework and the evaluation index system of the competitiveness of export commodity structure, this paper will carry on the thorough analysis and research to the export commodity structure and its competitiveness of China and Japan, so as to be accurate. A comprehensive evaluation of the competitiveness of China's export commodity structure. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively evaluate the structural competitiveness of export commodities between China and Japan, and the construction of evaluation index system and the selection of analysis model are the key. This paper first compares the export trade between China and Japan through the international market share and the degree of export dependence, and then divides the export commodities into ten categories according to the technical content of Lall at the SITC tridigit level, and uses the similarity index of export commodity structure. The trade competitiveness index and the indicator comparative advantage index are used to study the structural competitiveness of Sino-Japanese export commodities. Finally, the principal component analysis model is used to make a comprehensive evaluation of the competitiveness of ten kinds of export commodities between China and Japan. The calculation results of the similarity index of export commodities between China and Japan show that the similarity of export commodity structure between the two countries tends to rise before 2008. after the outbreak of the global financial crisis in 2008, the export commodities of the two countries accelerated their differentiation. The similarity of export commodity structure is decreasing continuously. Through the empirical study of principal component analysis model, it is found that the comprehensive competitiveness of Chinese and Japanese primary products (PP) is poor, but the comprehensive competitiveness of Japanese primary products has exceeded that of China. The comprehensive competitiveness of agricultural resource-based products (RB1) in China has also been overtaken by Japan. The comprehensive competitiveness of other resource-based products (RB2) in Japan has been stronger than that of China, and it was slightly overtaken by China in 2013. The comprehensive competitiveness of Japanese low-tech products (LT1,LT2) still lags far behind that of China, but there is an upward trend. The comprehensive competitiveness of all kinds of technical content products (MT1,MT2,MT3) in China is weaker than that in Japan, among which the gap between automation equipment (MT1) and Japan is the most wide. China's electronics and power products (HT1) comprehensive competitiveness has come from behind, far more than Japan. China's other high-tech products (HT2) lag behind Japan in overall competitiveness, but Japan is also lack of competitiveness. Based on the above empirical analysis results, and combined with the relevant economic theory and Japan's experience and lessons in the process of upgrading the export commodity structure, This paper puts forward the following policy suggestions to enhance the competitiveness of China's export commodity structure: to establish institutional arrangements to encourage innovation, and to support R & D activities, especially basic research, with enterprises as the main body from the aspects of legislation, taxation, financial subsidies and so on; We should carry out the top-level design of the training of middle and high-end talents, make full use of financial funds and various social resources to develop vocational education, create favorable conditions for deepening school-enterprise cooperation and the integration of industry and education, and open up the training mechanism of high-end talents. We will vigorously promote the reform of the financial market and the construction of multi-level capital markets, provide soil for supporting the development of innovative venture capital, and establish a benign mechanism for financial support for the transformation of industrial structure and the upgrading of export commodity structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F752.62;F753.13

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