中國(guó)海關(guān)推進(jìn)貿(mào)易便利化的政策研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-16 17:32
【摘要】：在國(guó)際貿(mào)易迅猛發(fā)展的今天,旨在簡(jiǎn)化和協(xié)調(diào)貿(mào)易程序與手續(xù)的貿(mào)易便利化問(wèn)題已成為國(guó)際社會(huì)共同關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)議題和世界各國(guó)的共同訴求以及貿(mào)易協(xié)定的主要內(nèi)容。作為一國(guó)進(jìn)出境的監(jiān)管機(jī)關(guān),海關(guān)在推進(jìn)貿(mào)易便利化的過(guò)程中發(fā)揮著舉足輕重不可替代的作用,海關(guān)與跨境手續(xù)、跨境制度也被認(rèn)為是貿(mào)易便利化問(wèn)題的核心。近些年來(lái),作為世界海關(guān)組織的重要成員,我國(guó)海關(guān)也在逐步重視對(duì)貿(mào)易便利化的推進(jìn),并采取了一系列的政策措施來(lái)推動(dòng)貿(mào)易便利化。本文主要研究中國(guó)海關(guān)推進(jìn)貿(mào)易便利化的相關(guān)政策及改進(jìn),主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及結(jié)論有:首先,在對(duì)海關(guān)推進(jìn)貿(mào)易便利化的研究背景和相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)分析之后,對(duì)世界貿(mào)易組織、世界海關(guān)組織、亞太經(jīng)合組織等權(quán)威國(guó)際組織有關(guān)貿(mào)易便利化的研究?jī)?nèi)容及相關(guān)條約進(jìn)行分析總結(jié),在此基礎(chǔ)上選取指標(biāo)構(gòu)建貿(mào)易便利化指標(biāo)體系并進(jìn)行指標(biāo)得分的計(jì)算,包括基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、通關(guān)環(huán)境、規(guī)制環(huán)境及信息技術(shù)四個(gè)一級(jí)指標(biāo),每個(gè)一級(jí)指標(biāo)下面對(duì)應(yīng)若干相應(yīng)二級(jí)指標(biāo)。從2008年-2015年8年期間28個(gè)樣本國(guó)家的指標(biāo)得分情況來(lái)看,新加坡的貿(mào)易便利化水平最高,且大部分發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的貿(mào)易便利化水平都屬于非常便利等級(jí);包括中國(guó)在內(nèi)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家和一些欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家則多屬于一般便利水平;還有一些國(guó)家如菲律賓則是不夠便利水平。從8年的貿(mào)易便利化指數(shù)平均值來(lái)看,中國(guó)的貿(mào)易便利化水平排名不是很高,28個(gè)國(guó)家中排名第19位。其次,研究中國(guó)海關(guān)推進(jìn)貿(mào)易便利化的具體政策。在對(duì)各國(guó)際協(xié)定如京都公約、全球貿(mào)易安全與便利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架及貿(mào)易便利化協(xié)定等中與海關(guān)有關(guān)的貿(mào)易便利化內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上,將中國(guó)海關(guān)貿(mào)易便利化政策分為兩大政策類(lèi)別:海關(guān)通關(guān)監(jiān)管政策和海關(guān)內(nèi)部治理政策,其中,海關(guān)通關(guān)監(jiān)管政策又包括區(qū)域通關(guān)一體化政策、分類(lèi)通關(guān)政策、無(wú)紙化通關(guān)政策、單一窗口及內(nèi)外部邊境機(jī)構(gòu)合作政策,海關(guān)內(nèi)部治理政策具體包含透明度提升政策、規(guī)范收費(fèi)政策和管理體制完善政策,兩類(lèi)政策相輔相成共同推進(jìn)貿(mào)易便利化。再次,根據(jù)中國(guó)海關(guān)貿(mào)易便利化政策內(nèi)容,選取包括通關(guān)環(huán)境指標(biāo)、通關(guān)過(guò)程效率指標(biāo)、進(jìn)出口文件、進(jìn)出口時(shí)間、進(jìn)出口成本、規(guī)制環(huán)境、海關(guān)服務(wù)指數(shù)等各項(xiàng)政策衡量指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)中國(guó)海關(guān)推進(jìn)貿(mào)易便利化政策的現(xiàn)狀及效果進(jìn)行國(guó)際層面比較,除進(jìn)出口成本指標(biāo)外,其余指標(biāo)都處于中等偏下的水平,部分指標(biāo)位列最后幾位。進(jìn)一步結(jié)合調(diào)查問(wèn)卷對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)情況進(jìn)行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)海關(guān)各項(xiàng)通關(guān)監(jiān)管政策仍需進(jìn)一步推廣和完善,海關(guān)內(nèi)部管理體制也有待進(jìn)一步變革,與企業(yè)合作伙伴關(guān)系尚未真正建立,與國(guó)內(nèi)其他邊境機(jī)構(gòu)和國(guó)家海關(guān)合作不充分。接著仍然采用上述政策衡量指標(biāo),構(gòu)建了面板數(shù)據(jù)引力模型,分別從國(guó)際和國(guó)內(nèi)層面測(cè)算海關(guān)貿(mào)易便利化政策的影響。實(shí)證結(jié)果顯示,進(jìn)出口國(guó)通關(guān)環(huán)境和規(guī)制環(huán)境的改善都將促進(jìn)兩國(guó)之間出口額的增加;進(jìn)出口國(guó)的通關(guān)時(shí)間、通關(guān)文件和通關(guān)成本則與兩國(guó)的出口額成反比,且各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)彈性都比較大。說(shuō)明海關(guān)貿(mào)易便利化政策的各項(xiàng)衡量指標(biāo),對(duì)于兩國(guó)之間出口貿(mào)易的影響是非常顯著的,海關(guān)應(yīng)當(dāng)通過(guò)改善通關(guān)環(huán)境和規(guī)制環(huán)境、減少通關(guān)文件、縮短通關(guān)時(shí)間和降低通關(guān)成本來(lái)提高貿(mào)易便利化水平,為進(jìn)一步完善海關(guān)貿(mào)易便利化相關(guān)政策提供了依據(jù)。最后借鑒主要發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家海關(guān)推進(jìn)貿(mào)易便利化的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn),結(jié)合我國(guó)的實(shí)際情況,提出我國(guó)海關(guān)應(yīng)從通過(guò)加強(qiáng)信息化建設(shè)、健全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理體制,完善分類(lèi)通關(guān)政策,進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)區(qū)域通關(guān)一體化政策,加強(qiáng)國(guó)內(nèi)各部門(mén)協(xié)作,加快建立真正的單一窗口,深化無(wú)紙化通關(guān)改革等政策途徑完善國(guó)內(nèi)各項(xiàng)通關(guān)監(jiān)管政策、提升監(jiān)管效能;并通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)變管理理念、增強(qiáng)服務(wù)意識(shí),增強(qiáng)政策法規(guī)及管理措施的透明度和規(guī)范性,以推進(jìn)貿(mào)易便利化為導(dǎo)向推動(dòng)海關(guān)組織機(jī)構(gòu)變革及完善人員管理和培養(yǎng)體制等完善海關(guān)內(nèi)部治理政策,營(yíng)造透明良好的海關(guān)環(huán)境。
[Abstract]:Today, with the rapid development of international trade, the issue of trade facilitation aimed at simplifying and coordinating trade procedures and procedures has become a hot topic of common concern of the international community and the common demands of countries in the world as well as the main content of trade agreements. As a regulatory agency for a country's entry and exit, the customs have made the process of facilitating trade facilitation. With the important and irreplaceable role, the customs and cross-border formalities and cross-border systems are also considered to be the core of trade facilitation. In recent years, as an important member of the world customs organization, China's customs also gradually attaches importance to the promotion of trade facilitation and has adopted a series of policies and measures to facilitate trade facilitation. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: first, after the analysis of the research background and relevant literature on the promotion of trade facilitation by customs, the research on trade facilitation in the world trade organization, the World Customs Organization and the APEC and other authoritative international organizations On the basis of the analysis and summary of the related treaties, the index system of trade facilitation and the calculation of index scores are selected on this basis, including the infrastructure, the customs clearance, the regulation of the environment and information technology four first level indicators, each level under the indicators corresponding to a number of phase two indicators. From the 28 samples during the 8 years of 2008 -2015. In terms of the country's indicators, the level of trade facilitation in Singapore is the highest, and the level of trade facilitation in most developed countries is very convenient; the developing countries, including China, and some less developed countries are generally in the general convenience level; and some countries, such as Philippines, are not convenient. From the average value of the 8 year trade facilitation index, China's trade facilitation level is not very high, and the 28 countries are ranked nineteenth. Secondly, it studies the specific policies of China's customs to promote trade facilitation. In the international agreements, such as the Kyoto Convention, the global trade safety and convenience standard framework and trade facilitation agreements, and the sea On the basis of the related contents of trade facilitation, China's Customs Trade Facilitation policy is divided into two major policy categories: customs clearance supervision policy and customs internal governance policy. The customs clearance regulation policy includes regional customs clearance policy, classified customs clearance policy, paperless customs policy, single window and inside. The policy of external border organization cooperation, the internal governance policy of the customs includes the transparency and promotion policy, the regulation of the policy of charge and the perfect policy of the management system. The two kinds of policies complement each other to promote trade facilitation together. Export documents, import and export time, import and export cost, regulatory environment, customs service index and other policy measurement indicators, the status and effect of China Customs to promote trade facilitation policies are compared at the international level. In addition to import and export cost indicators, the rest of the indicators are at the middle level, and some of the indicators are in the last few. Further combined with the questionnaire, the domestic situation was analyzed. It was found that the customs clearance supervision policies in China still need to be further promoted and perfected. The internal management system of customs needs to be further changed, the partnership with enterprises has not been really established, and the cooperation with other domestic border agencies and national customs is inadequate. Using the above policy indicators, a panel data gravitational model is constructed to measure the influence of the Customs Trade Facilitation policy from the international and domestic levels. The empirical results show that the improvement of the customs clearance environment and the regulatory environment of the import and export countries will promote the increase of the export volume between the two countries; the customs clearance time, customs clearance documents and customs clearance of the import and export countries. This is inversely proportional to the export of the two countries, and the elasticity of each index is relatively large. It shows that the impact of the measures on the Customs Trade Facilitation policy is very significant for the export trade between the two countries. The customs should reduce the customs clearance documents, shorten the customs clearance time and reduce the customs clearance costs by improving the customs environment and regulating the environment. To improve the level of trade facilitation and provide the basis for further improving the relevant policies of Customs Trade Facilitation. At last, drawing on the relevant experiences of the customs of the major developed countries to promote trade facilitation, and combining with the actual situation of our country, it is suggested that our customs should improve the system of risk management and improve the policy of classified customs clearance through strengthening the construction of information technology. Further promoting the policy of regional customs integration, strengthening the cooperation of various departments in China, speeding up the establishment of a real single window, deepening the reform of paperless customs clearance and improving the regulatory policies of customs clearance in China, and improving the effectiveness of supervision, and enhancing the awareness of service and transparency of policies and regulations and management measures by changing management concepts. In order to promote trade facilitation, promote the reform of the Customs Organization, improve the personnel management and training system, improve the internal governance policy of the customs, and create a transparent and good customs environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F752.5
，
本文編號(hào)：2127110
[Abstract]:Today, with the rapid development of international trade, the issue of trade facilitation aimed at simplifying and coordinating trade procedures and procedures has become a hot topic of common concern of the international community and the common demands of countries in the world as well as the main content of trade agreements. As a regulatory agency for a country's entry and exit, the customs have made the process of facilitating trade facilitation. With the important and irreplaceable role, the customs and cross-border formalities and cross-border systems are also considered to be the core of trade facilitation. In recent years, as an important member of the world customs organization, China's customs also gradually attaches importance to the promotion of trade facilitation and has adopted a series of policies and measures to facilitate trade facilitation. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: first, after the analysis of the research background and relevant literature on the promotion of trade facilitation by customs, the research on trade facilitation in the world trade organization, the World Customs Organization and the APEC and other authoritative international organizations On the basis of the analysis and summary of the related treaties, the index system of trade facilitation and the calculation of index scores are selected on this basis, including the infrastructure, the customs clearance, the regulation of the environment and information technology four first level indicators, each level under the indicators corresponding to a number of phase two indicators. From the 28 samples during the 8 years of 2008 -2015. In terms of the country's indicators, the level of trade facilitation in Singapore is the highest, and the level of trade facilitation in most developed countries is very convenient; the developing countries, including China, and some less developed countries are generally in the general convenience level; and some countries, such as Philippines, are not convenient. From the average value of the 8 year trade facilitation index, China's trade facilitation level is not very high, and the 28 countries are ranked nineteenth. Secondly, it studies the specific policies of China's customs to promote trade facilitation. In the international agreements, such as the Kyoto Convention, the global trade safety and convenience standard framework and trade facilitation agreements, and the sea On the basis of the related contents of trade facilitation, China's Customs Trade Facilitation policy is divided into two major policy categories: customs clearance supervision policy and customs internal governance policy. The customs clearance regulation policy includes regional customs clearance policy, classified customs clearance policy, paperless customs policy, single window and inside. The policy of external border organization cooperation, the internal governance policy of the customs includes the transparency and promotion policy, the regulation of the policy of charge and the perfect policy of the management system. The two kinds of policies complement each other to promote trade facilitation together. Export documents, import and export time, import and export cost, regulatory environment, customs service index and other policy measurement indicators, the status and effect of China Customs to promote trade facilitation policies are compared at the international level. In addition to import and export cost indicators, the rest of the indicators are at the middle level, and some of the indicators are in the last few. Further combined with the questionnaire, the domestic situation was analyzed. It was found that the customs clearance supervision policies in China still need to be further promoted and perfected. The internal management system of customs needs to be further changed, the partnership with enterprises has not been really established, and the cooperation with other domestic border agencies and national customs is inadequate. Using the above policy indicators, a panel data gravitational model is constructed to measure the influence of the Customs Trade Facilitation policy from the international and domestic levels. The empirical results show that the improvement of the customs clearance environment and the regulatory environment of the import and export countries will promote the increase of the export volume between the two countries; the customs clearance time, customs clearance documents and customs clearance of the import and export countries. This is inversely proportional to the export of the two countries, and the elasticity of each index is relatively large. It shows that the impact of the measures on the Customs Trade Facilitation policy is very significant for the export trade between the two countries. The customs should reduce the customs clearance documents, shorten the customs clearance time and reduce the customs clearance costs by improving the customs environment and regulating the environment. To improve the level of trade facilitation and provide the basis for further improving the relevant policies of Customs Trade Facilitation. At last, drawing on the relevant experiences of the customs of the major developed countries to promote trade facilitation, and combining with the actual situation of our country, it is suggested that our customs should improve the system of risk management and improve the policy of classified customs clearance through strengthening the construction of information technology. Further promoting the policy of regional customs integration, strengthening the cooperation of various departments in China, speeding up the establishment of a real single window, deepening the reform of paperless customs clearance and improving the regulatory policies of customs clearance in China, and improving the effectiveness of supervision, and enhancing the awareness of service and transparency of policies and regulations and management measures by changing management concepts. In order to promote trade facilitation, promote the reform of the Customs Organization, improve the personnel management and training system, improve the internal governance policy of the customs, and create a transparent and good customs environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F752.5
，
本文編號(hào)：2127110
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