出口治理視角下的中國(guó)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)作用研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-13 11:59
【摘要】：自2001年入世以來,中國(guó)進(jìn)出口業(yè)得到快速發(fā)展。2013年中國(guó)首次超過美國(guó),一舉成為世界上出口規(guī)模最大的國(guó)家,并且連續(xù)多年保持這一排名。世界貿(mào)易組織2015年發(fā)布的《全球貿(mào)易統(tǒng)計(jì)和展望》報(bào)告顯示,中國(guó)出口貨物貿(mào)易規(guī)模依然位居全球第一,且占有世界貿(mào)易份額的13.8%。因此,在后危機(jī)時(shí)代,中國(guó)很容易成為各進(jìn)口國(guó)指責(zé)的對(duì)象并可能招致一定的報(bào)復(fù)。越來越多的國(guó)家將貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義的矛頭揮向中國(guó),這嚴(yán)重限制了我國(guó)外貿(mào)業(yè)的健康有序發(fā)展,侵害了我國(guó)出口企業(yè)的正當(dāng)利益。此時(shí),就需要一種有效的社會(huì)力量,對(duì)我國(guó)外貿(mào)業(yè)進(jìn)行治理,維護(hù)我國(guó)出口行業(yè)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展,避免經(jīng)濟(jì)的大起大落。行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)是政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變以及市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展的產(chǎn)物,在經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行過程中能夠發(fā)揮越來越不可或缺的影響力。尤其在出口治理過程中,行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)更可以展現(xiàn)政府和企業(yè)都無法體現(xiàn)的優(yōu)勢(shì),在促進(jìn)貿(mào)易出口、化解貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端、維護(hù)行業(yè)發(fā)展秩序等方面發(fā)揮重要的作用。首先,本文在分析、總結(jié)前人研究成果基礎(chǔ)之上,對(duì)與行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)出口治理相關(guān)的若干概念進(jìn)行了界定,并且針對(duì)目前的研究成果進(jìn)行評(píng)述。其次,運(yùn)用“囚徒困境”理論、有限理性理論和交易成本理論以及公共池塘資源理論分析闡釋了行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)出口治理的作用機(jī)制。然后,在奧爾森集體行動(dòng)理論基礎(chǔ)上,引入聲譽(yù)機(jī)制,構(gòu)建擴(kuò)展的集體行動(dòng)理論框架,作為案例分析的理論基礎(chǔ)。通過2009年美國(guó)輪胎特保案1和2016年中美卡客車輪胎“雙反”案的對(duì)比分析,剖析了中國(guó)橡膠工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)成功應(yīng)訴的原因,進(jìn)一步論證了行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)在出口治理中的積極作用,并為國(guó)內(nèi)其他行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)提供了參照。然而,總體而言,我國(guó)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)在出口治理中還有許多方面需要加以完善,如在行業(yè)自律、公共關(guān)系處理以及向政府和企業(yè)傳遞信息等方面存在諸多不足。究其原因,主要是由于我國(guó)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的法律地位尚未明確、成員覆蓋面太過狹窄且代表性差,難以體現(xiàn)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)出口治理的優(yōu)勢(shì)和作用。此外,行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)還存在諸如服務(wù)意識(shí)落后、業(yè)務(wù)能力不足、人員層次不高以及經(jīng)費(fèi)缺乏等問題,這些問題都進(jìn)一步影響了行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)在出口治理中的功效發(fā)揮。最后,本文從政府和行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)兩個(gè)層面提出了提高我國(guó)行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)出口治理水平的對(duì)策。
[Abstract]:Since China entered WTO in 2001, China's import and export industry has developed rapidly. In 2013, China overtook the United States for the first time to become the largest export country in the world, and maintained this ranking for many years in a row. The report "Global Trade Statistics and prospects" released by the World Trade Organization in 2015 shows that China's export trade in goods still ranks first in the world and occupies 13.8percent of the world trade share. As a result, in the post-crisis era, China can easily be blamed by importing countries and may attract some retaliation. More and more countries take the spearhead of trade protectionism at China, which seriously limits the healthy and orderly development of China's foreign trade and infringes the legitimate interests of our export enterprises. At this time, we need an effective social force to manage our foreign trade, maintain the stable development of our export industry, and avoid the ups and downs of the economy. The trade association is the product of the transformation of government function and the long-term development of market economy, and can exert more and more indispensable influence in the process of economic operation. Especially in the process of export governance, trade associations can show the advantages that can not be reflected by the government and enterprises, and play an important role in promoting trade exports, resolving trade disputes, maintaining trade development order and so on. Firstly, on the basis of analyzing and summarizing the previous research results, this paper defines some concepts related to the export governance of trade associations, and comments on the current research results. Secondly, using the theory of "prisoner's dilemma", the theory of limited rationality, the theory of transaction cost and the theory of public pond resources, the paper explains the mechanism of trade association's export governance. Then, on the basis of Olson's collective action theory, the reputation mechanism is introduced, and the extended framework of collective action theory is constructed as the theoretical basis of case analysis. Based on the comparative analysis of the case of "double opposition" of American passenger car tire in 2009 and 2016, this paper analyzes the reasons for the successful response of the China Rubber Industry Association, and further demonstrates the positive role of the trade association in the export management. It also provides reference for the study of other industry associations in China. However, in general, China's trade associations still need to be perfected in many aspects of export governance, such as industry self-discipline, public relations processing, and the transmission of information to the government and enterprises. The main reason is that the legal status of China's trade associations is not clear, the coverage of the members is too narrow and the representativeness is poor, it is difficult to reflect the advantages and functions of the trade associations' export governance. In addition, there are still some problems such as backward service consciousness, insufficient business ability, low level of personnel and lack of funds, which further affect the efficiency of trade associations in export governance. Finally, this paper puts forward the countermeasures to improve the level of export governance of China's trade associations from the two levels of government and trade associations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F752.62;F203
[Abstract]:Since China entered WTO in 2001, China's import and export industry has developed rapidly. In 2013, China overtook the United States for the first time to become the largest export country in the world, and maintained this ranking for many years in a row. The report "Global Trade Statistics and prospects" released by the World Trade Organization in 2015 shows that China's export trade in goods still ranks first in the world and occupies 13.8percent of the world trade share. As a result, in the post-crisis era, China can easily be blamed by importing countries and may attract some retaliation. More and more countries take the spearhead of trade protectionism at China, which seriously limits the healthy and orderly development of China's foreign trade and infringes the legitimate interests of our export enterprises. At this time, we need an effective social force to manage our foreign trade, maintain the stable development of our export industry, and avoid the ups and downs of the economy. The trade association is the product of the transformation of government function and the long-term development of market economy, and can exert more and more indispensable influence in the process of economic operation. Especially in the process of export governance, trade associations can show the advantages that can not be reflected by the government and enterprises, and play an important role in promoting trade exports, resolving trade disputes, maintaining trade development order and so on. Firstly, on the basis of analyzing and summarizing the previous research results, this paper defines some concepts related to the export governance of trade associations, and comments on the current research results. Secondly, using the theory of "prisoner's dilemma", the theory of limited rationality, the theory of transaction cost and the theory of public pond resources, the paper explains the mechanism of trade association's export governance. Then, on the basis of Olson's collective action theory, the reputation mechanism is introduced, and the extended framework of collective action theory is constructed as the theoretical basis of case analysis. Based on the comparative analysis of the case of "double opposition" of American passenger car tire in 2009 and 2016, this paper analyzes the reasons for the successful response of the China Rubber Industry Association, and further demonstrates the positive role of the trade association in the export management. It also provides reference for the study of other industry associations in China. However, in general, China's trade associations still need to be perfected in many aspects of export governance, such as industry self-discipline, public relations processing, and the transmission of information to the government and enterprises. The main reason is that the legal status of China's trade associations is not clear, the coverage of the members is too narrow and the representativeness is poor, it is difficult to reflect the advantages and functions of the trade associations' export governance. In addition, there are still some problems such as backward service consciousness, insufficient business ability, low level of personnel and lack of funds, which further affect the efficiency of trade associations in export governance. Finally, this paper puts forward the countermeasures to improve the level of export governance of China's trade associations from the two levels of government and trade associations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F752.62;F203
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
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