本文選題：TPP + 日本　； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：在日本已簽署的12個(gè)區(qū)域貿(mào)易協(xié)定(RTA)中,日本長期以來堅(jiān)持對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)施高關(guān)稅及非關(guān)稅壁壘等貿(mào)易保護(hù)政策。而美國致力于將TPP建立為21世紀(jì)高水平的具有里程碑意義的伙伴關(guān)系協(xié)定,TPP對(duì)貨物的貿(mào)易自由化要求程度很高,超越了傳統(tǒng)意義的自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定(FTA)。而且TPP成員國包括新西蘭、澳大利亞、美國、加拿大等日本農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的主要進(jìn)口國,日本加入TPP將給農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展帶來巨大挑戰(zhàn)。但是基于對(duì)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等多方面的綜合考量,日本政府參與了TPP談判。日本加入TPP很可能面臨被迫開放農(nóng)業(yè)市場的問題,而農(nóng)業(yè)相對(duì)于其他產(chǎn)業(yè)而言更加具有重要的戰(zhàn)略地位,因此研究日本加入TPP對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的影響是非常有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的。本文首先介紹研究背景,并提出研究問題,綜述國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀,介紹相關(guān)理論。其次,介紹日本農(nóng)業(yè)的特征和保護(hù)政策,詳細(xì)闡述與農(nóng)業(yè)相關(guān)的TPP談判領(lǐng)域及其談判進(jìn)展。最后,根據(jù)TPP談判進(jìn)展,著重分析日本加入TPP對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的影響途徑,日本加入TPP對(duì)重點(diǎn)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格以及對(duì)生產(chǎn)者和消費(fèi)者產(chǎn)生的福利影響。日本加入TPP,面臨著撤銷農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的關(guān)稅及非關(guān)稅壁壘的挑戰(zhàn)。這將導(dǎo)致日本農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的進(jìn)口數(shù)量增加,國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)數(shù)量減少,國內(nèi)消費(fèi)數(shù)量增加,同時(shí)市場價(jià)格下降。如果日本取消農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的出口補(bǔ)貼政策,那么政府收入、國內(nèi)消費(fèi)者剩余將增加,而生產(chǎn)者剩余將減少,甚至高成本、低效率的出口企業(yè)將可能被迫退出生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)。關(guān)于大米、小麥,如果日本加入TPP后,日本分別對(duì)大米、小麥保持目前的進(jìn)口配額和配額外的關(guān)稅不變,并分別對(duì)11個(gè)TPP成員國設(shè)立“近10萬噸”為上限的零關(guān)稅進(jìn)口配額,那么這相當(dāng)于對(duì)進(jìn)口配額進(jìn)行重新分配,國內(nèi)大米、小麥?zhǔn)袌鍪艿降挠绊懮跷?并且仍有時(shí)間和機(jī)遇去進(jìn)行改革與發(fā)展。關(guān)于牛肉,如果來自于澳大利亞與美國的牛肉的進(jìn)口關(guān)稅稅率同時(shí)下調(diào)至10%,那么牛肉價(jià)格下降,消費(fèi)者剩余增加,進(jìn)口數(shù)量也會(huì)增加,國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)量萎縮,極有可能導(dǎo)致牛肉生產(chǎn)從業(yè)者將減少。關(guān)于豬肉,如果日本加入TPP,且日本對(duì)低價(jià)進(jìn)口豬肉由采取差額關(guān)稅制度改為實(shí)行從量稅制度,對(duì)每千克豬肉統(tǒng)一征收五十日元的關(guān)稅,且高價(jià)格豬肉的進(jìn)口關(guān)稅不變,那么豬肉的進(jìn)口量增加,可能擾亂日本國內(nèi)豬肉市場,甚至影響國內(nèi)的食品安全。如果日本政府及時(shí)采取緊急進(jìn)口限制措施,國內(nèi)牛肉、豬肉市場將不會(huì)受到嚴(yán)重影響。關(guān)于乳制品,如果日本繼續(xù)實(shí)施關(guān)稅配額制,降低或者撤銷配額內(nèi)的乳制品關(guān)稅,那么日本政府稅收將減少,乳制品價(jià)格將降低,國內(nèi)消費(fèi)者剩余增加。關(guān)于糖料作物,日本有可能將其作為例外項(xiàng)目,堅(jiān)持不降低關(guān)稅。因此日本國內(nèi)糖料作物將不會(huì)受到較大影響。
[Abstract]:Among the 12 RTAs that Japan has signed, Japan has long insisted on trade protection policies such as high tariffs and non-tariff barriers to agriculture.The United States is committed to establishing the TPP as a high level of landmark partnership agreement in the 21st century.TPP members include New Zealand, Australia, the United States, Canada and other major importers of Japanese agricultural products, Japan's accession to the TPP will bring huge challenges to agricultural development.But based on political and economic considerations, the Japanese government participated in the TPP negotiations.Japan's entry into the TPP is likely to face the problem of being forced to open up the agricultural market, and agriculture has a more important strategic position than other industries, so it is of great practical significance to study the impact of Japan's entry into TPP on agriculture.This paper first introduces the research background, and puts forward the research issues, summarizes the current research situation at home and abroad, and introduces the relevant theories.Secondly, the characteristics and protection policies of Japanese agriculture are introduced, and the fields and progress of TPP negotiations related to agriculture are described in detail.Finally, according to the progress of TPP negotiations, the paper analyzes the influence of Japan's entry into TPP on agriculture, the price of key agricultural products and the welfare of producers and consumers.Japan's entry into TPPfaces the challenge of removing tariff and non-tariff barriers on agricultural products.This will lead to higher imports of agricultural products, lower domestic production, higher domestic consumption and lower market prices.If Japan removes export subsidies for agricultural products, government revenues, domestic consumer surpluses will increase, and producer surpluses will decrease, even at high costs, and inefficient exporters may be forced out of production.With regard to rice and wheat, if Japan joins the TPP, Japan will maintain the current import quotas and tariffs on wheat, and establish a zero tariff import quota of "nearly 100000 tons" for each of the 11 TPP member countries.Well, this is tantamount to redistributing import quotas. The domestic rice and wheat markets have little impact, and there is still time and opportunity for reform and development.With regard to beef, if the import duty rate on beef from Australia and the United States were lowered to 10 at the same time, then the price of beef would fall, the consumer surplus would increase, the amount of imports would increase, and domestic production would shrink.It is highly likely that the number of beef producers will be reduced.With regard to pork, if Japan joins TPPand Japan changes its tariff system from a differential tariff system to an ad valorem duty system for imported pork at a low price, it will impose a uniform tariff of 50 yen per kilogram of pork, and the import duty on high-priced pork will remain unchanged.The increase in pork imports could disrupt the domestic pork market and even affect food safety.If the Japanese government takes emergency import restrictions in time, the domestic beef and pork markets will not be seriously affected.With regard to dairy products, if Japan continues to implement tariff quotas to reduce or abolish tariffs on dairy products within the quota, then the Japanese government will reduce taxes, dairy products prices will fall, and domestic consumer surplus will increase.With regard to sugar crops, Japan is likely to make the exception, insisting not to cut tariffs.As a result, domestic sugar crops in Japan will not be greatly affected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F753.13;F331.3

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本文編號(hào)：1731172