本文關(guān)鍵詞：哈薩克斯坦入世對(duì)中國(guó)新疆與其貿(mào)易影響及對(duì)策研究　出處：《新疆財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化浪潮下,國(guó)家間的經(jīng)貿(mào)聯(lián)系日益頻繁,貿(mào)易摩擦也伴之頻現(xiàn)。世界貿(mào)易組織作為當(dāng)今唯一的全球貿(mào)易協(xié)議機(jī)構(gòu),制定并監(jiān)督著國(guó)際經(jīng)貿(mào)規(guī)則,在處理成員國(guó)貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端,裁定貿(mào)易保護(hù)措施方面發(fā)揮著積極作用,推動(dòng)著世界各國(guó)和各地區(qū)間的經(jīng)貿(mào)合作。它為國(guó)家間的貿(mào)易融通提供了發(fā)展平臺(tái),因此加入世貿(mào)組織的本質(zhì)就是將本國(guó)在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)融入經(jīng)濟(jì)全球一體化中。中國(guó)早在2001年就已加入世貿(mào)組織,至今已有15年,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展步伐加快并取得了突出的成就,而且同周邊國(guó)家貿(mào)易的發(fā)展也取得了長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)步,尤其中國(guó)提出并積極推進(jìn)“絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶”建設(shè)(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“一帶”),極大地促進(jìn)了與中亞國(guó)家的貿(mào)易互動(dòng)。哈薩克斯坦(簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“哈國(guó)”),在20世紀(jì)90年代中期,其經(jīng)濟(jì)改革遭遇“瓶頸期”,國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況不佳。哈國(guó)為了緩解國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)矛盾,激活經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展活力,迫切需要國(guó)際市場(chǎng),融入經(jīng)濟(jì)全球一體化中,于是入世就成為最佳選擇。但因歷史緣由,哈國(guó)入世談判遭到美國(guó)為首的西方國(guó)家的百般刁難,加入世貿(mào)組織的步伐異常艱難。哈國(guó)仍為入世堅(jiān)持談判,改革國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)和貿(mào)易政策,使之與世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則相符,同時(shí)還通過(guò)“2050”戰(zhàn)略和“光明大道”新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策提振經(jīng)濟(jì),在歷經(jīng)長(zhǎng)達(dá)20年的艱難談判后,終于在2015年11月30日正式成為世貿(mào)組織成員國(guó)。哈國(guó)作為中亞地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)最具發(fā)展活力的國(guó)家,一直以來(lái)都是中國(guó)新疆的最大貿(mào)易伙伴,而且還是“一帶”建設(shè)關(guān)鍵國(guó)家,而中國(guó)新疆已憑借著地緣優(yōu)勢(shì),成為了中哈貿(mào)易發(fā)展橋頭堡和“一帶”建設(shè)核心區(qū)。所以哈國(guó)入世勢(shì)必會(huì)為中國(guó)新疆與其貿(mào)易發(fā)展帶來(lái)新環(huán)境和新機(jī)遇。本文首先概括分析了哈薩克斯坦入世情況,主要包括入世申請(qǐng)時(shí)國(guó)內(nèi)外環(huán)境、談判歷程、入世障礙和國(guó)內(nèi)改革;其次還根據(jù)哈國(guó)入世承諾,說(shuō)明入世后的相關(guān)政策調(diào)整,并將其市場(chǎng)開(kāi)放與我國(guó)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要對(duì)比,加以進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明和分析;接著就近10年的新疆與哈貿(mào)易現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,并剖析了雙方貿(mào)易現(xiàn)存問(wèn)題;緊接著結(jié)合貿(mào)易結(jié)合度(TCD)、顯性比較優(yōu)勢(shì)(RCA)和互補(bǔ)性(TC)三個(gè)指數(shù)對(duì)雙方貿(mào)易互補(bǔ)程度予以實(shí)證,進(jìn)而說(shuō)明雙方貿(mào)易存在極大互補(bǔ)性,而且這種互補(bǔ)性不會(huì)因哈國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織有所改變,隨之提出若能充分利用好此種互補(bǔ)性,雙方的貿(mào)易潛力還將更大;然后結(jié)合哈國(guó)入世后相關(guān)貿(mào)易政策變化,進(jìn)一步具體分析對(duì)中國(guó)新疆與其貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生的積極與消極影響;最后綜合以上分析,針對(duì)雙方貿(mào)易現(xiàn)存問(wèn)題和入世影響,從政府和企業(yè)兩個(gè)視角提出對(duì)策,認(rèn)為國(guó)家政府和自治區(qū)政府應(yīng)加強(qiáng)口岸建設(shè),通關(guān)和政策協(xié)調(diào)等層面的鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo);新疆企業(yè)本身應(yīng)掌握并運(yùn)用好相關(guān)貿(mào)易規(guī)則,不斷提升自身競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,加強(qiáng)對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)技術(shù)的引進(jìn),同時(shí)還需對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易方面予以多方面重視,積極把握好相關(guān)機(jī)遇。
[Abstract]:In the tide of economic globalization, the economic ties between countries have become increasingly frequent, with frequent trade friction. As the only global trade agreement institution, WTO has formulated and supervised the international economic and trade rules, playing an active role in dealing with trade disputes among Member States and deciding trade protection measures, and promoting economic and trade cooperation between countries and regions. It provides a platform for the trade accommodation between countries. Therefore, the essence of joining WTO is to integrate the country into the economic globalization within the specified time. China early in 2001 had joined the WTO, has been 15 years, to accelerate the pace of economic development and has made outstanding achievements, but also the development of trade with neighboring countries has made great progress, especially China proposed and actively promote the construction of "Silk Road Economic Belt" (called "area"), has greatly promoted interactive trade with Central Asian countries. In the middle of 1990s, Kazakhstan's economic reform encountered a "bottleneck" in the middle of the 1990s, and the domestic economic situation was not good. In order to alleviate domestic economic contradictions and activate the vitality of economic development, Kazakhstan urgently needs the international market and integrates into the economic globalization. So entering WTO is the best choice. But due to historical reasons, China WTO negotiations by the US led western countries to join the pace of WTO create all sorts of obstacles, difficult. Kazakhstan is still adhere to the WTO negotiations, reform of domestic economic and trade policy, which is consistent with the rules of the WTO, but also through the "2050" strategy and "bright road" new economic policy to boost the economy, after 20 years of hard negotiations, and finally in November 30, 2015 officially became a member of the WTO. Kazakhstan as the most dynamic economies in Central Asia, has been the biggest trade partner of Xinjiang Chinese, but also the "area" construction of key countries, while Xinjiang has Chinese by virtue of the geographical advantages, become China Kazakhstan trade development bridgehead and "area" construction of the core area. Therefore, the entry of Kazakhstan to WTO will bring new environment and new opportunities for the development of China's Xinjiang and its trade. This paper first analyzes Kazakhstan's accession to the WTO, including the WTO for internal and external environment, negotiation process, WTO barriers and domestic reform; secondly, according to the China WTO commitments, the relevant policies of WTO, adjustment, and the opening of the market in China and in some contrast to explain and analysis; Xinjiang and Kazakhstan trade status quo at the recent 10 years were analyzed, and the analysis of the existing problems of trade between the two sides; followed by a combination of trade integration (TCD), dominant comparative advantage (RCA) and complement (TC) three index to be positive on both sides of trade complementarity degree, and that there is a great complementary trade between the two sides, but not because of this complementarity Kazakhstan to join WTO changed, then put forward if we can make full use of the potential of bilateral trade complementarity, also will be greater; and then combined with Kazakhstan into WTO related trade Easy policy changes, further analyze the positive and negative influence on Xinjiang and its China trade; finally, based on the above analysis, aiming at the existing problems and the influence of trade between the two sides of WTO, puts forward countermeasures from two aspects of government and enterprise, government and the autonomous region that the government should strengthen the construction of the port, customs clearance and other aspects of encouraging policy coordination and guide; Xinjiang enterprises should grasp and make good use of the relevant trade rules, and constantly improve their competitiveness, strengthen the introduction of advanced technology, but also on the trade of agricultural products to be more attention, actively grasp the opportunities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F753.61;F752.8

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