本文選題：對外直接投資 + 產業(yè)結構調整　； 參考：《中共中央黨校》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：國際金融危機后，世界經濟進入低速增長期，各國紛紛進行體制改革。改革開放三十多年來，中國對外直接投資從小到大，并在近十年保持高速增長，它的發(fā)展是否促進了國內產業(yè)結構調整？在深化改革的今天，中國經濟形勢錯綜復雜，產業(yè)結構戰(zhàn)略性調整任重而道遠，對外直接投資能否，或者如何成為產業(yè)結構調整的重要推動因素，是非常值得研究的問題。 本文分析了中國對外直接投資的發(fā)展態(tài)勢。在規(guī)模方面，絕對規(guī)模呈不斷擴大趨勢，相對規(guī)模依然偏小。在結構方面，中國對外直接投資行業(yè)非常廣泛，但相對集中于租賃和商務服務業(yè)、采礦業(yè)、批發(fā)零售業(yè)和金融業(yè)；投資地區(qū)分布不平衡，主要集中在亞洲和拉丁美洲；投資主體更加多元化，雖然國有企業(yè)仍居主體地位，但其占比逐漸減小，更多中小企業(yè)參與對外直接投資。 本文回顧了中國產業(yè)結構調整的歷史演進。自改革開放以來，，中國三次產業(yè)的產值結構呈合理化趨勢，就業(yè)結構逐漸優(yōu)化。第三產業(yè)快速發(fā)展，運輸、零售、住宿和餐飲等勞動密集型行業(yè)所占比重較大，而銀行、證券、保險和房地產等資本和技術密集型行業(yè)所占比重較小。制造業(yè)整體規(guī)模龐大，技術水平不高，仍處在全球產業(yè)鏈的中低端，少數產業(yè)表現優(yōu)異。對中國產業(yè)結構調整而言，人均GDP超過5000美元、生產要素結構得到改善等是有利因素，而生產要素成本不斷上升、自主創(chuàng)新能力不足、區(qū)域統籌協調難度大是面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。 在分析產業(yè)結構調整的演進規(guī)律與影響因素的基礎上，本文探討了對外直接投資影響產業(yè)結構調整的機制，并構建出產業(yè)結構調整效應測度指標，通過灰色關聯分析方法發(fā)現，租賃和商務服務業(yè)、制造業(yè)、交通運輸、倉儲和郵政業(yè)等市場尋求型對外直接投資能夠有效促進國內產業(yè)結構優(yōu)化；采礦業(yè)等自然資源尋求型對外直接投資是國內產業(yè)結構優(yōu)化的重要保障；技術尋求型對外直接投資對產業(yè)結構優(yōu)化的效果暫時不明顯；金融業(yè)對外直接投資對產業(yè)結構優(yōu)化不顯著。在理論與實證研究的基礎上，本文從宏觀和微觀兩個層面給出政策建議，以期中國對外直接投資能更好地促進產業(yè)結構調整。
[Abstract]:After the international financial crisis, the world economy has entered a period of low-speed growth, countries have carried out institutional reforms. Since the reform and opening up for more than 30 years, China's foreign direct investment (FDI) has grown from small to large and maintained a high growth rate in the past ten years. Has its development promoted the adjustment of domestic industrial structure? With the deepening of the reform, China's economic situation is complicated, the strategic adjustment of industrial structure is a heavy task, whether foreign direct investment, or how to become an important driving factor of industrial structure adjustment, is a question worth studying. This paper analyzes the development trend of China's foreign direct investment (OFDI). In terms of scale, the absolute scale continues to expand, the relative scale is still small. In terms of structure, China's OFDI industry is very extensive, but relatively concentrated in leasing and business services, mining, wholesale, retail and financial sectors, the distribution of investment is uneven, mainly in Asia and Latin America; Although state-owned enterprises still occupy the main position, the proportion of them decreases gradually, and more small and medium-sized enterprises participate in foreign direct investment. This paper reviews the historical evolution of industrial structure adjustment in China. Since the reform and opening up, the output value structure of the three industries in China has been rationalized and the employment structure has been gradually optimized. The rapid development of the tertiary industry, transport, retail, accommodation and catering and other labor-intensive industries accounted for a large proportion, while banking, securities, insurance and real estate and other capital and technology-intensive industries accounted for a small proportion. The overall scale of manufacturing industry is large, the level of technology is not high, still in the middle and low end of the global industrial chain, a few industries perform well. For the adjustment of China's industrial structure, the per capita GDP is more than 5000 US dollars, and the structure of production factors is improved. However, the cost of production factors is rising constantly, the ability of independent innovation is insufficient, and the difficulty of regional coordination is a challenge. On the basis of analyzing the evolution law and influencing factors of industrial structure adjustment, this paper discusses the mechanism of FDI influencing industrial structure adjustment, and constructs the measure index of industrial structure adjustment effect. Leasing and business services, manufacturing, transportation, warehousing and postal services, such as market seeking foreign direct investment can effectively promote the optimization of domestic industrial structure; Foreign direct investment (FDI) based on natural resources, such as mining industry, is an important guarantee for the optimization of domestic industrial structure, while the effect of technology-seeking FDI on the optimization of industrial structure is not obvious for the time being. Foreign direct investment in the financial industry is not significant in optimizing the industrial structure. On the basis of theoretical and empirical research, this paper gives policy recommendations from the macro and micro levels, hoping that China's foreign direct investment (FDI) can better promote the adjustment of industrial structure.
【學位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F832.6;F121.3

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