本文選題：外資銀行 + 運(yùn)營(yíng)效率　； 參考：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：2001年12月11日,中國(guó)正式加入WT0,外資商業(yè)銀行進(jìn)入中國(guó)金融市場(chǎng)的速度不斷加快,與中資商業(yè)銀行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作也不斷擴(kuò)大。據(jù)中國(guó)銀行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)提供的資料顯示,截至2012年12月末,共有來(lái)自49個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的銀行在華設(shè)立了42家法人、95家分行和197家代表處,包括外資銀行支行在內(nèi)的營(yíng)業(yè)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)已達(dá)到900家。 外資銀行在華經(jīng)營(yíng)取得積極進(jìn)展,經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模、客戶數(shù)量和服務(wù)能力均得到良好發(fā)展。外資銀行在華主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域除傳統(tǒng)的信貸業(yè)務(wù)外,還涉及中小企業(yè)融資、大宗商品貿(mào)易、資產(chǎn)管理、托管和清算服務(wù)等。一些外資銀行已經(jīng)獲批開(kāi)展借記卡業(yè)務(wù),下一步外資銀行拓展的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)是信用卡業(yè)務(wù)。一部分外資獨(dú)立法人銀行提出A股上市及發(fā)行次級(jí)債的要求,以謀求在中國(guó)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展。這些都表明了眾多外資銀行隨著入世和中國(guó)的不斷開(kāi)放,已經(jīng)并正在通過(guò)不懈努力積極地進(jìn)入并參與中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和金融生活。 由于中國(guó)已加入WTO,從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看,根據(jù)市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入制度和國(guó)民待遇原則,外資銀行在中國(guó)的境況將會(huì)改變。在區(qū)域限制上,中國(guó)最終將消除地理限制,對(duì)外資銀行進(jìn)行全面開(kāi)放。在機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置上,將會(huì)有越來(lái)越多的外國(guó)銀行及其分支機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)入中國(guó),建立起一個(gè)商業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。范圍的業(yè)務(wù)上,外資銀行與國(guó)內(nèi)本土銀行--中資銀行將享受同樣的待遇,即國(guó)民待遇。 但是,外資銀行對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)環(huán)境還需適應(yīng),缺乏廣泛的客戶資源,市場(chǎng)份額少,很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間都還會(huì)受到政策的制約以及中資銀行迅速發(fā)展形成的強(qiáng)大競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。 在華外資銀行的發(fā)展對(duì)我國(guó)銀行發(fā)展具有積極的意義。首先,外資銀行發(fā)展帶來(lái)的“鯰魚(yú)效應(yīng)”促進(jìn)了中資銀行金融服務(wù)水平的提高,服務(wù)品種的增加,也降低了國(guó)內(nèi)銀行因壟斷而得以維持的高利潤(rùn)和高運(yùn)營(yíng)成本。其次,外資銀行在我國(guó)的發(fā)展既為我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)引入所需資金,還在一定程度上彌補(bǔ)國(guó)內(nèi)儲(chǔ)蓄的不足,改善我國(guó)資源配置,促進(jìn)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。再次,在華外資銀行為中資銀行發(fā)展還帶來(lái)了技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。 本文是研究外資銀行在中國(guó)的經(jīng)營(yíng)效率。本文通過(guò)結(jié)合外資銀行自身的特點(diǎn),分別選擇了非前沿分析法中的財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)分析法和前沿分析法中的數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析(DEA)法對(duì)選出的29家外資銀行2009-2012年的經(jīng)營(yíng)效率(運(yùn)營(yíng)效率、純技術(shù)效率和規(guī)模效率)進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析,并根據(jù)實(shí)證結(jié)果進(jìn)行細(xì)化分析,從而為外資銀行的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展提出筆者的建議,這些建議也對(duì)中資銀行的發(fā)展有一定的啟示作用。 全文主要分為七個(gè)章節(jié)： 第一章緒論。本章主要是介紹本文的研究背景和意義、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、研究方法、基本框架和文章的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)與不足之處。 第二章為本章是在華外資銀行發(fā)展?fàn)顩r與SWOT分析。本章首先介紹了外資銀行在中國(guó)的發(fā)展歷程。然后,從地域、客戶和業(yè)務(wù)范圍三方面分別了闡述了外資銀行在華發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀。最后,對(duì)外資銀行現(xiàn)有的發(fā)展情況進(jìn)行分析,主要利用SWOT分析來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)其發(fā)展的優(yōu)勢(shì)和不足與外部發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)與威脅。 第三章商業(yè)銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)的效率及其評(píng)價(jià)理論。這一章主要介紹了效率的經(jīng)濟(jì)涵義以及商業(yè)銀行效率的定義。然后介紹了幾種關(guān)于效率測(cè)度的相關(guān)理論,包括規(guī)模報(bào)酬不變的效率理論、規(guī)模報(bào)酬不變的效率理論和X-效率理論,通過(guò)這些理論的介紹,為后面的外資銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)效率分析做好準(zhǔn)備。 第四章為在華外資銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)效率評(píng)價(jià)模型。本章主要是對(duì)下一章的實(shí)證研究做理論準(zhǔn)備。主要是確定外資銀行效率研究的方法,筆者分別選擇了非前沿分析法中的財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)分析法和前沿分析法中的數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析(DEA)法。其中財(cái)務(wù)分析法主要從安全性、流動(dòng)性、盈利性和可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力四個(gè)維度進(jìn)行分析；DEA方法則選擇了投入定向的CCR-I模型和BCC-I模型。最后根據(jù)外資銀行自身情況分別對(duì)兩種方法的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行選擇。 第五章為在華外資銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)效率的實(shí)證分析。本章首先進(jìn)行了實(shí)證研究的數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備,介紹了樣本銀行的選取,相應(yīng)指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)的來(lái)源,筆者選擇了在華經(jīng)營(yíng)的29家外資銀行作為研究對(duì)象。利用財(cái)務(wù)分析法對(duì)各家外資銀行的整體運(yùn)營(yíng)進(jìn)行分析,從安全性、流動(dòng)性、盈利性和可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力四個(gè)角度進(jìn)行描述性分析,對(duì)外資銀行的整體運(yùn)營(yíng)有初步的評(píng)價(jià)。然后用DEA方法的CCR-I模型和BCC-I模型分別測(cè)度了運(yùn)營(yíng)效率、純技術(shù)效率和規(guī)模效率。對(duì)各個(gè)效率進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,找出相對(duì)有效的外資銀行。根據(jù)以上實(shí)證結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,得出相應(yīng)的分析結(jié)論。 第六章為提升在華外資銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)效率的建議。本章充分結(jié)合上一章節(jié)中外資銀行效率的分析結(jié)果,提出提升在華外資銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)效率的建議,所給建議對(duì)中資銀行的發(fā)展也可以提供參考。 第七章為本文的總結(jié)和展望。本章是對(duì)本文研究結(jié)果的總結(jié)以及對(duì)未來(lái)研究的展望。 本文先是通過(guò)財(cái)務(wù)分析法,對(duì)安全性、流動(dòng)性、盈利性和可持續(xù)發(fā)展能力四個(gè)維度的分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)外資銀行在不斷適應(yīng)中國(guó)金融環(huán)境的過(guò)程中,在華員工規(guī)模不斷增長(zhǎng)、發(fā)展企業(yè)客戶周期縮短、產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)逐漸多元化,都在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中不斷提高了經(jīng)營(yíng)效率。其中,德意志銀行保持較好發(fā)展,蘇格蘭皇家銀行銀行相對(duì)最差。 本文再使用DEA方法,所得實(shí)證結(jié)果可以看出,摩根大通銀行、東方匯理銀行、華商銀行3家外資銀行在2010年到2012年都保持在相對(duì)最優(yōu)的經(jīng)營(yíng)組合上。就運(yùn)營(yíng)效率來(lái)看,2012年相對(duì)2009年有所提高,說(shuō)明外資銀行的整體運(yùn)營(yíng)逐漸優(yōu)化。就純技術(shù)效率來(lái)看,2010年到2012年,樣本外資銀行的整體純技術(shù)效率保持在較高的水平上,說(shuō)明外資銀行在科學(xué)信息、管理技術(shù)等方面使用上有較好的表現(xiàn)。就規(guī)模效率來(lái)看,2009年規(guī)模效率為1的外資銀行有2家,平均規(guī)模效率值為0.539,2009到2012年間每年都有提升,其中2010年有較大幅度的提升,到2012年,有6家外資銀行規(guī)模效率值為1的外資銀行有6家,平均規(guī)模效率值達(dá)到了0.898,達(dá)到了一個(gè)比較高的水平。 本文搜集了29家外資銀行的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),分別利用財(cái)務(wù)分析法和數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析(DEA)方法對(duì)外資銀行的效率做出了較為深入和全面的研究。但由于各家外資銀行數(shù)據(jù)較難獲得,且統(tǒng)計(jì)口徑不太一致,只選擇了29家外資銀行2009-2012年數(shù)據(jù),不能很好的反應(yīng)外資行效率的縱向變化趨勢(shì)。并且,由于筆者的經(jīng)歷和知識(shí)有限,沒(méi)有利用更多方法進(jìn)行研究。此外,由于各指標(biāo)的具體價(jià)格信息無(wú)法獲得,本文無(wú)法求出各外資銀行的成本效率,所以只能測(cè)度一定的經(jīng)營(yíng)效率。希望在今后的研究中,能夠搜集更加全面的數(shù)據(jù),利用多種方法來(lái)客觀綜合評(píng)價(jià)。
[Abstract]:In December 11, 2001, China formally joined the WT0, the speed of foreign commercial banks entering the Chinese financial market was accelerating, and the competition and cooperation with Chinese commercial banks continued to expand. According to the information provided by the Chinese Banking Association, as of the end of 12 2012, there were 42 legal persons and 95 banks in China from 49 countries and regions. Branches and 197 representative offices, including branches of foreign banks, have reached 900 outlets.
Foreign banks have made positive progress in China's operation, the scale of operation, the number of customers and the service ability. In addition to the traditional credit business, foreign banks also involve small and medium-sized enterprise financing, commodity trade, asset management, trusteeship and clearing services. Some foreign banks have been approved to carry out debit cards. The next step of foreign bank expansion should be credit card business. Some foreign independent legal person banks put forward the requirements of the A stock market and the issuance of subordinated debt to seek long-term development in China. These all indicate that many foreign banks have been actively entering into the world and China, and are actively entering through unremitting efforts. And participate in China's economic and financial life.
Since China has joined the WTO, in the long run, according to the market access system and the principle of national treatment, the situation of foreign banks in China will change. In the area of regional restrictions, China will eventually eliminate geographical restrictions and open up foreign banks in an all-round way. There will be more and more foreign banks and their branches entering the institution. China will set up a business network. The scope of business, foreign banks and domestic banks, Chinese banks will enjoy the same treatment, that is, national treatment.
However, foreign banks need to adapt to the domestic market environment, lack a wide range of customer resources, and have less market share. For a long time, the foreign banks will be restricted by the policy and the strong competition formed by the rapid development of Chinese banks.
The development of foreign banks in China has positive significance to the development of China's banks. First, the "catfish effect" brought by the development of foreign banks has promoted the improvement of the financial service level of the Chinese banks, the increase of the service variety and the high profit and high operating cost maintained by the domestic banks because of monopoly. Secondly, the foreign banks are in me The development of China has not only introduced the necessary funds for the economic growth of our country, but also made up for the shortage of domestic savings to some extent, improved the allocation of China's resources and promoted the economic growth of our country.
In this paper, the operating efficiency of foreign banks in China is studied. By combining the characteristics of foreign banks, this paper selects the financial index analysis method in the non frontier analysis method and the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method of the frontier analysis method to the 29 Foreign Banks selected for 2009-2012 years (operating efficiency, pure technical efficiency and regulation). Based on the empirical analysis, the paper makes a detailed analysis on the basis of the empirical results, and puts forward the author's suggestions for the further development of foreign banks. These suggestions also have some inspiration for the development of Chinese banks.
The full text is divided into seven chapters.
The first chapter is introduction. This chapter mainly introduces the background and significance of the research, the research status at home and abroad, the research methods, the basic framework and the innovation points and shortcomings of the article.
The second chapter is the development and SWOT analysis of foreign banks in China. This chapter first introduces the development process of foreign banks in China. Then, the development status of foreign banks in China is expounded from three aspects of region, customer and business scope. Finally, the development of foreign banks is analyzed, mainly using SWOT points. To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of development and external development opportunities and threats.
The third chapter is the efficiency and evaluation theory of commercial banks. This chapter mainly introduces the economic meaning of efficiency and the definition of commercial bank efficiency. Then it introduces several related theories about efficiency measurement, including the efficiency theory of scale return, the efficiency theory of scale return and X- efficiency theory, through these theories. The introduction is to prepare for the analysis of the efficiency of foreign banks.
The fourth chapter is the evaluation model of the management efficiency of foreign banks in China. This chapter is mainly about the theoretical preparation of the empirical research in the next chapter. The main is to determine the methods of the efficiency of foreign banks. The author chooses the financial index analysis method and the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method in the non frontier analysis method respectively. In this chapter, the financial analysis is analyzed. The method is mainly analyzed from four dimensions of security, liquidity, profitability and sustainable development. The DEA method selects the CCR-I model and the BCC-I model of the investment orientation. Finally, the evaluation indexes of the two methods are selected according to the situation of the foreign banks themselves.
The fifth chapter is an empirical analysis of the operating efficiency of foreign banks in China. This chapter first carried out the data preparation of the empirical study, introduced the selection of sample banks, and the source of the corresponding index data. The author chose 29 foreign banks operating in China as the research object. From the four aspects of security, liquidity, profitability and sustainable development, this paper makes a descriptive analysis of the overall operation of foreign banks, and then uses the CCR-I model and BCC-I model of the DEA method to measure the operation efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency respectively. Effective foreign banks. Based on the above empirical results, we make a comparative analysis and draw corresponding conclusions.
The sixth chapter is to improve the efficiency of foreign banks in China. This chapter fully combines the results of the analysis of the efficiency of foreign banks in the last chapter, and puts forward some suggestions to improve the efficiency of foreign banks in China, and the suggestions can also provide reference for the development of Chinese banks.
The seventh chapter is the summary and Prospect of this article. This chapter is a summary of the research results and a prospect for future research.
This paper first analyzes the four dimensions of security, liquidity, profitability and sustainable development through the analysis of financial analysis. It is found that in the process of continuous adaptation to the Chinese financial environment, foreign banks have increased their employees' scale, shorten the cycle of their customers, and gradually diversify their products and services. Among them, Deutsche Bank maintained better development, and Royal Bank of Scotland was the worst.
In this paper, the DEA method is used. The empirical results show that 3 foreign banks, Morgan Chase Bank, orient bank and China Merchant Bank, have been maintained on a relatively optimal portfolio from 2010 to 2012. In terms of operational efficiency, in 2012, the overall operation of foreign banks was gradually optimized. In terms of efficiency, from 2010 to 2012, the overall pure technical efficiency of the sample foreign banks remained at a high level, indicating that foreign banks had better performance in the use of scientific information and management technology. In terms of scale efficiency, there were 2 foreign banks with a scale of 1 in 2009, with an average scale efficiency of 0.5392009 to 2012 years. Every year, there has been a promotion. In 2010, there was a significant improvement. By 2012, there were 6 foreign banks with 6 foreign banks' scale efficiency of 1, and the average scale efficiency reached 0.898, reaching a higher level.
In this paper, the relevant data of 29 foreign banks are collected, and the efficiency of foreign banks is thoroughly and comprehensively studied by means of financial analysis and data envelopment analysis (DEA). However, because the data of foreign banks are difficult to obtain, and the statistical caliber is not consistent, only the data of 29 foreign banks have been selected for 2009-2012 years. In addition, because the specific price information of each index can not be obtained, this paper can not find the cost efficiency of each foreign bank, so we can only measure a certain operating efficiency. I hope to study in the future. In the research, we can collect more comprehensive data and use various methods to objectively and comprehensively evaluate.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F832.3

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