本文選題：外商直接投資　切入點(diǎn)：市場化　出處：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,流入中國的FDI數(shù)額逐年增加,FDI在推動(dòng)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方面發(fā)揮著愈來愈重要的作用。但與此同時(shí),中國的環(huán)境污染問題也日益嚴(yán)重,縱觀近些年來FDI的投資領(lǐng)域,無論是投資總產(chǎn)值還是從業(yè)人員數(shù)目,均表明污染行業(yè)尤其是高度污染行業(yè)是FDI投資的主要領(lǐng)域,這種外商投資的態(tài)勢嚴(yán)重威脅著我們賴以生存的生態(tài)環(huán)境,因此我們必須對FDI對我國生態(tài)環(huán)境的負(fù)面影響進(jìn)行理論上和實(shí)證上的研究分析。本文《FDI、市場化程度對我國環(huán)境污染的影響分析》具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文首先對我國改革開放以來的外商直接投資與生態(tài)環(huán)境的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r進(jìn)行了分析。改革開放以來,外商直接投資對飛速發(fā)展的中國經(jīng)濟(jì)起到了舉足輕重的促進(jìn)作用。但伴隨著FDI給我國帶來經(jīng)濟(jì)快速增長的同時(shí),我國的生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況也日趨惡化。從整體上看,從1990年開始,外商投資企業(yè)的工業(yè)產(chǎn)值在全國工業(yè)產(chǎn)值的比重持續(xù)增加。從行業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)上看,外商直接投資傾向于選擇污染排放水平較高的制造業(yè)。2000年以來,外商在制造業(yè)中的直接投資比重連年攀升,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),2008年外商投資在制造業(yè)中的金額為498.9億美元,項(xiàng)目數(shù)高達(dá)11568個(gè),在全國制造業(yè)中占有極高比重。然而正是由于這種過度追求國家嚴(yán)重短缺的資本的行為,帶來了生態(tài)破壞、環(huán)境污染等一系列問題。事實(shí)上,從改革開放開始,外商直接投資對環(huán)境的影響一直存在,通過對我國外商直接投資水平與工業(yè)“三廢”排放量的變化進(jìn)行分析,不難發(fā)現(xiàn),我國實(shí)際利用外商投資的規(guī)模與工業(yè)三廢(工業(yè)廢氣、工業(yè)廢水和固體廢棄物)排放量之間存在一定的關(guān)系。其中尤其是與工業(yè)廢氣和工業(yè)固體廢物排放量之間的正相關(guān)關(guān)系更加明顯。進(jìn)入2000年來,我國實(shí)際利用外商投資額迅猛發(fā)展,隨之而來的是我國工業(yè)廢氣以及固體廢物排放量的大幅度增加。這一觀察與文章中的實(shí)證研究的結(jié)論是基本吻合的。 其次,文章著重分析了1985-2012年間中國的外商直接投資與工業(yè)三廢污染狀況的發(fā)展歷程,并運(yùn)用eviews6.0對我國1985-2012年吸收外商直接投資總額與工業(yè)三廢的排放總量數(shù)進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析方法,本文采用了單位根檢驗(yàn)、協(xié)整檢驗(yàn)和格蘭杰因果檢驗(yàn)等分析方法。我國FDI與工業(yè)固廢物之間存在協(xié)整關(guān)系,并且FDI是工業(yè)固體廢物排放量的格蘭杰原因,因此可以得出FDI確實(shí)造成了我國生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞的結(jié)論。 再次,在得出FDI是我國工業(yè)固體廢物排放量的格蘭杰原因的基礎(chǔ)上本文分析全國30個(gè)省市1998-2009年的市場化指數(shù),研究各省的外商直接投資對我國環(huán)境污染的影響去發(fā)現(xiàn)與各省市的市場化指數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。文章通過eviews6.0對省際面板數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理,首先進(jìn)行單位根檢驗(yàn)和協(xié)整檢驗(yàn),接下來運(yùn)用回歸分析找到了三者之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系：各省吸收的FDI在一定程度上加劇了環(huán)境中的工業(yè)固體廢物的排放量,但是不同市場化程度對此影響不同。除市場化程度較低的省市(甘肅、寧夏等)以外,各省份的市場化程度對FDI的環(huán)境污染起到了一定的抑制作用。 最后,基于以上的分析和討論,在文章的最后提出了具有針對性的對策和建議。就我國目前所處的階段來看,不僅應(yīng)當(dāng)不斷吸收有利的外資、充分發(fā)揮其在我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中促進(jìn)作用的同時(shí),更應(yīng)重視外資對生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響。在國家政府層面上,適當(dāng)對吸收外資戰(zhàn)略做出調(diào)整,優(yōu)化FDI投資的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)并引導(dǎo)和調(diào)整外商直接投資的地域分布,制定與國際接軌的外資環(huán)境法規(guī)并建立環(huán)境稅征收機(jī)制；從地方政府層面,各地政府不能為了短期利益而盲目引進(jìn)外資,忽略其可能對環(huán)境造成的污染,應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對外資的監(jiān)督,嚴(yán)格把控對環(huán)境造成污染的外資；并從市場干預(yù)、國有經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、產(chǎn)品與市場發(fā)育程度和提高中介組織發(fā)育方面逐步提高各省市場化程度,減少FDI對環(huán)境的污染效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:With the development of China's economy, the FDI inflow of China amount increased year by year, is playing an increasingly important role of FDI in promoting China's economic development. But at the same time, the problem of environmental pollution China becomes more and more serious. The investment in the field of FDI throughout recent years, whether it is the total investment value or the number of employees, showed that especially high polluting industries polluting industries are the main areas of FDI investment, the foreign investment situation is a serious threat to our environment for survival, so we must carry on theoretical study and Empirical Analysis on the negative impact of FDI on China's ecological environment. In this paper, of environmental pollution our country has important practical significance.
Firstly, the status of ecological environment and foreign direct investment on China's reform and opening up the development are analyzed. Since the reform and opening up, foreign direct investment in the rapid development of the China economy has played a pivotal role. But with the FDI to bring the rapid economic growth of our country at the same time, China's ecological environment is the deteriorating. On the whole, from the beginning of 1990, the proportion of foreign invested enterprises in the industrial production of the national industrial output continued to increase. From the industry structure, foreign direct investment tend to choose higher levels of pollution emissions of manufacturing.2000 years, the proportion of foreign direct investment in manufacturing industry increased year by year, according to statistics in 2008, the amount of foreign investment in the manufacturing sector was $49 billion 890 million, the number of projects up to 11568, occupy a high proportion in the manufacturing industry. However, because of the excessive pursuit For the serious shortage of state capital, has brought a series of problems of ecological damage, environmental pollution and so on. In fact, from the beginning of reform and opening up, there has been the effect of FDI on the environment, through the analysis of the changes of emissions of foreign direct investment in China and the level of industrial "three wastes", it is not difficult to find, scale and industrial wastes in China's actual use of foreign investment (industrial emissions, industrial wastewater and solid waste) there is a certain relationship between the emissions. Especially the positive relationship between industrial waste gas and industrial solid waste emissions is more obvious. In 2000, China's actual use of foreign investment in the rapid development of the is China's industrial waste gas and solid waste emissions increased substantially. Empirical research in this article in the observation and conclusion is basically consistent.
Secondly, this paper focuses on the analysis of the development course of 1985-2012 years Chinese foreign direct investment and industrial waste pollution, and the use of eviews6.0 for the number of total emissions in China 1985-2012 years to absorb foreign direct investment and industrial wastes by empirical analysis, this paper adopts the analysis method of unit root test, cointegration test and Grainger test. There is a cointegration relationship between China's FDI and industrial solid waste, and FDI is the Grainger reason of industrial solid waste emissions, so it can be said that FDI is indeed caused by China's ecological damage to the environment of the conclusion.
Again, in that FDI is the market index based Grainger solid waste disposal industry in China is on the analysis of 30 provinces and cities nationwide for 1998-2009 years, to find the relationship between the market index and the various provinces and cities between the provinces on the impact of foreign direct investment on environmental pollution in China. Based on the inter provincial eviews6.0 the panel data, the first unit root test and cointegration test, then use regression analysis to find the intrinsic link between the three provinces: the absorption of FDI increased emissions of industrial solid waste in the environment to a certain extent, but different degree of market have different effects. Besides the low degree of marketization provinces (Gansu, Ningxia), the degree of marketization of the provinces of FDI environmental pollution has played a certain effect.
Finally, based on the above analysis and discussions, finally puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions. In our country at present stage, should not only absorb the beneficial foreign investment, give full play to its role in promoting the economic development in our country, more attention should be paid to foreign influence on the ecological environment. At the national government level, appropriate to adjust the foreign investment strategy, regional distribution and industrial structure optimization of FDI investment guidance and adjustment of foreign direct investment, making foreign environmental regulations and international standards and the establishment of environmental tax system; from the local government level, local governments can not blindly for short-term interests and ignore the introduction of foreign capital, it may cause environmental pollution, should strengthen the supervision of foreign investment, strictly control the environmental pollution caused by foreign investment; and from market intervention, state-owned economy, product and market The degree of development and the improvement of the development of intermediaries gradually increase the degree of marketization of the provinces and reduce the pollution effect of FDI on the environment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X22;F832.6

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