本文關(guān)鍵詞：小額信貸業(yè)的市場特征分析及發(fā)展對策研究　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：金融領(lǐng)域一直存在著二元結(jié)構(gòu),即貸款資金總是流向較為富裕的人群,大中型企業(yè)。而作為人群中的大多數(shù),窮人、農(nóng)戶和微小企業(yè)卻一直被排斥在外。原因是多樣的,如資本的逐利性,貸款給農(nóng)戶、窮人和小型企業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高,成本高,收益低。而且他們往往也沒有可以抵押的高價(jià)值物品,也無可靠的資信體系。 而發(fā)源于孟加拉國,由尤諾斯教授一手創(chuàng)立的格萊明鄉(xiāng)村銀行,采用小額信貸方式貸款扶貧卻給我們帶來了新的啟發(fā)。小額信貸,采用完全不同于普通貸款的方式給予原先被金融市場排除在外群體貸款,并且采用特殊的制度安排和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理技術(shù),保障了很高的還款率。小額信貸一般憑借信用向低收入人群提供額度較小、利率較高的貸款。過去扶貧完全依靠政府提供低息貸款的方式,但實(shí)踐證明往往以失敗告終。而小額信貸采用鼓勵(lì)窮人、農(nóng)戶依靠自己的力量擺脫貧困,充分調(diào)動(dòng)了他們的積極性。隨著小額信貸的發(fā)展,小額信貸的意義不僅僅是扶持貧困,而開始服務(wù)更多的低收入人群和微小企業(yè),成為構(gòu)建普惠制金融體系的重要組成部分。作為實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公平的重要金融創(chuàng)新,小額信貸在中國也得到了重視和發(fā)展,但我國剛剛起步還是存在許多的問題,需要研究后加以改善。 本文首先對國內(nèi)外的研究理論進(jìn)行了梳理,之后介紹了國外的發(fā)展情況,之后轉(zhuǎn)向國內(nèi)的發(fā)展情況和出現(xiàn)的問題。通過對小額信貸市場的特征分析,做出了針對性的發(fā)展對策。本人衷心希望能促進(jìn)小額信貸在中國的健康發(fā)展,對實(shí)現(xiàn)金融公平,社會(huì)和諧增添正能量。
[Abstract]:There has always been a dual structure in the financial sector, that is, loans always flow to the more affluent people, large and medium-sized enterprises, and as the majority of the population, the poor. Farmers and microenterprises have been excluded for a variety of reasons, such as the profit-driven nature of capital, lending to farmers, high risk and high costs for the poor and small enterprises. Returns are low. And they often don't have high-value goods that can be mortgaged and have no reliable credit system. Originating in Bangladesh, Grameen Rural Bank, founded by Professor Yunus, uses microcredit to help the poor, but it gives us new inspiration. Lending to previously excluded groups in financial markets was granted in a completely different way from ordinary loans, with special institutional arrangements and risk management techniques. Microcredit generally provides a small amount of credit to low-income people with higher interest rates. In the past poverty alleviation relied entirely on the government to provide low-interest loans. However, the practice has proved that it often ends in failure. Microfinance encourages the poor, farmers rely on their own strength to extricate themselves from poverty, and fully mobilize their enthusiasm. With the development of microcredit. The significance of microcredit is not only to support poverty, but also to start serving more low-income people and small and medium-sized enterprises, which has become an important part of the construction of GSP financial system and an important financial innovation to realize social equity. Microfinance has also been paid attention to and developed in China, but there are still many problems in the beginning of our country, which need to be improved after study. This paper first combs the domestic and foreign research theories, then introduces the development of foreign countries, then turns to the domestic development and problems. Through the analysis of the characteristics of microfinance market. I sincerely hope to promote the healthy development of microfinance in China, to achieve financial equity, social harmony to add positive energy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F832.4

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