發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-02 03:05

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國(guó)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的金融支持問題研究　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 低碳經(jīng)濟(jì) 低碳金融 金融規(guī)模 金融效率 金融支持

【摘要】：隨著工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的加快,人類在創(chuàng)造空前物質(zhì)財(cái)富的同時(shí),二氧化碳等溫室氣體排放也急劇增加,由此導(dǎo)致的極端氣候變化、直接和間接的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,以及對(duì)人類健康的危害,已嚴(yán)重威脅到人類生存和發(fā)展。轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、減少溫室氣體排放、實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)“低碳式發(fā)展”已在全球形成共識(shí)。中國(guó)自改革開放至今,經(jīng)歷了 30多年的高速增長(zhǎng),然而,高能耗、高污染、低產(chǎn)出的增長(zhǎng)方式造成的資源和環(huán)境壓力,使今后經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展面臨著前所未有的考驗(yàn)。因此,轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式,建立合理機(jī)制減少二氧化碳排放,實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展低碳化,是我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然選擇。低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)本質(zhì)上要求經(jīng)濟(jì)中各微觀主體采取二氧化碳的減排行為。經(jīng)濟(jì)主體的減排選擇,取決于減排行為產(chǎn)生的成本與收益之間的權(quán)衡結(jié)果。金融作為現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的核心,通過資源配置職能,能顯著改變經(jīng)濟(jì)主體減排的收益和成本,引導(dǎo)其實(shí)現(xiàn)碳減排。因此,研究金融與低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)系,探討金融支持低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的可行路徑,這對(duì)我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式、實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重大的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文首先描述了我國(guó)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀、問題以及對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)的重要影響,提出了我國(guó)發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的必要性;同時(shí)指出金融作為現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的核心,對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)低碳發(fā)展目標(biāo)具有重要意義;論文接著運(yùn)用博弈論方法,通過理論模型證明,在一定條件下,金融能對(duì)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展發(fā)揮積極作用;在理論分析基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)了金融在我國(guó)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)中的現(xiàn)實(shí)作用;最后,在介紹國(guó)外金融支持低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的最新進(jìn)展,以及可借鑒的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上,提出如何運(yùn)用金融手段促進(jìn)我國(guó)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的政策建議。圍繞金融支持我國(guó)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型,論文主要做了以下工作:第一,建立合理指標(biāo),測(cè)算出我國(guó)現(xiàn)階段低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平。論文運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析法(DEA)和非期望產(chǎn)出的SBM (Slacks-basedModel)模型,測(cè)算了考慮二氧化碳排放因素的ML (Malmqulist-Luenberger)指數(shù),得到了反映我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)質(zhì)量的環(huán)境全要素生產(chǎn)率(環(huán)境TFP)指標(biāo),并以此來衡量我國(guó)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平。計(jì)算結(jié)果表明,與一般全要素生產(chǎn)率(Malmquist指數(shù))相比,考慮碳排放因素后,我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的成就顯著下降,改變經(jīng)濟(jì)粗放式增長(zhǎng)方式、實(shí)現(xiàn)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展目標(biāo)具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。第二,運(yùn)用博弈分析方法,通過對(duì)理論模型推導(dǎo),證明在無其他外力約束下,微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)主體無法自覺實(shí)現(xiàn)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型。金融通過改變碳排放的成本收益對(duì)比情況,促使微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)主體減少碳排放。理論模型顯示,金融支持低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是有條件的。其一,金融機(jī)構(gòu)只能在適度金融規(guī)模條件下,才能通過改變金融資源配置對(duì)象、提高金融效率等手段支持低碳經(jīng)濟(jì);其二,金融支持低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需要以低碳型企業(yè)具有更長(zhǎng)生命周期為前提。短期內(nèi)金融支持非低碳型企業(yè)收益更高,只有在長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)金融支持低碳企業(yè)才有利可圖。第三,實(shí)證分析我國(guó)金融發(fā)展與低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)系。限于數(shù)據(jù)可得性,文章以銀行信貸為例,從金融規(guī)模和金融效率兩個(gè)角度,實(shí)證分析了我國(guó)金融與二氧化碳排放的關(guān)系。實(shí)證研究表明,金融規(guī)模擴(kuò)張導(dǎo)致碳排放強(qiáng)度和人均碳排放量的增加,但不會(huì)無限持續(xù)下去,而是呈倒U型發(fā)展特征。金融規(guī)模擴(kuò)張和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平的提高,企業(yè)能獲取更多的資金用于生產(chǎn)技術(shù)改造,購(gòu)買和使用節(jié)能減排設(shè)施,進(jìn)而有利于減少碳排放;金融效率提高不利于碳減排目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn),金融資源向民營(yíng)企業(yè)傾斜,雖然提高了資金使用效率,但民營(yíng)企業(yè)的環(huán)境意識(shí)相對(duì)于國(guó)有企業(yè)較為淡薄,對(duì)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來不利影響。第四,提出我國(guó)金融支持低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)需要一套完善的體系。在詳細(xì)介紹國(guó)外經(jīng)濟(jì)體綠色信貸和碳排放權(quán)交易業(yè)務(wù)基礎(chǔ)上,提出我國(guó)需要借鑒發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),擴(kuò)大我國(guó)低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)的金融扶持力度,建立基于碳排放權(quán)交易的碳金融市場(chǎng),形成實(shí)體與虛擬相結(jié)合的金融支持低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的綜合金融體系。
[Abstract]:With the accelerated process of industrialization, human beings have created unprecedented material wealth. At the same time, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions have increased dramatically, which leads to extreme climate change, direct and indirect economic loss and harm to human health, has been a serious threat to human survival and development. The transformation of economic development, reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To achieve economic "low-carbon development" has become a consensus in the world. China since the reform and opening up, has experienced 30 years of rapid growth, however, high energy consumption, high pollution, low output growth creates pressure on resources and the environment, so that future economic development is faced with hitherto unknown challenge. Therefore, the transformation of economic growth way, establish a reasonable mechanism to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, to achieve low-carbon economic development, is the inevitable choice for China to achieve sustainable development of economy. Low carbon economy is essentially required by the The economy in the main micro emission reduction behavior of carbon dioxide. The emission reduction, trade-off between cost and benefit depends on the reduction behavior of the finance. As the core of modern economy, the functions of the allocation of resources, can significantly change the main economic income and cost reduction, the carbon emission reduction. Therefore, the relationship between study on financial development and low carbon economy, to explore a feasible path of financial support for the development of low carbon economy in our country, this change the mode of economic growth, is of great theoretical and practical significance to realize the sustainable development of economy. This paper first describes the current situation of the development of China's low-carbon economy, and plays an important role in achieving the goals of sustainable development and put forward the necessity of developing low-carbon economy in China; and points out that finance is the core of modern economy, has important significance to realize the low carbon development targets; thesis Using the method of game theory, the theoretical model shows that, under certain conditions, finance can play a positive role in the development of low carbon economy; on the basis of theoretical analysis, to test the reality of Finance in the low carbon economy in China; finally, the introduction of foreign financial support for the latest progress of low carbon economy. And to learn from the successful experience foundation, proposed how to use the financial means to promote the development of China's low-carbon economy policy. Around the financial support of China's low-carbon economy transformation, the paper has mainly done the following work: first, to establish a reasonable index to calculate the level of low carbon economy development in our country. This paper uses data envelopment the analysis method (DEA) and non expected output SBM (Slacks-basedModel) model, considering the estimates of CO2 emission factors of ML (Malmqulist-Luenberger) index, reflected the quality of China's economic growth ring Environmental TFP (TFP) index, and to measure the level of development of low carbon economy in China. The results show that with the total factor productivity (Malmquist index), considering the carbon emission factors, China's economic growth achievement decreased significantly, change the extensive economic growth mode, has the practical significance to achieve low carbon economy development goals. Second, using the method of game analysis, based on the theoretical model, that in the absence of any external constraints, the micro economic subject can not consciously realize the transition to a low carbon economy. By changing the financial cost benefit comparison of carbon emissions, the microscopic economic subject to reduce carbon emissions. The theoretical model shows that financial support is low carbon economy development is conditional. First, financial institutions can only in the moderate scale of financial conditions, by changing the object to the allocation of financial resources, improve financial efficiency and other means of support Low carbon economy; second, financial support for the development of low carbon economy to low carbon enterprise has a longer life cycle as the premise. In the short term financial support for non low carbon enterprise income is higher, only in the long term financial support for low carbon enterprise to be profitable. Third, empirical analysis on the relationship between China's financial development and low carbon economy the limited availability of data, the bank credit as an example, from two aspects of the financial scale and financial efficiency, empirical analysis of the relationship between China's financial and carbon dioxide emissions. The empirical study shows that the financial scale expansion leads to an increase in carbon emissions intensity and per capita carbon emissions, but will not continue indefinitely, but a inverted U type development characteristics. The expansion of financial scale and raise the level of economic development, enterprises can get more funds for the production of technical renovation, the purchase and use of energy-saving emission reduction facilities, which is conducive to reducing carbon emissions; gold Financial efficiency is not conducive to the implementation of carbon emission reduction targets, the financial resources in favor of private enterprises, while improving the efficiency of the use of funds, but the private enterprise's environmental awareness is weak compared with the state-owned enterprises, the adverse impact on the development of low carbon economy. Fourth, put forward China's financial support for low carbon economy requires a perfect system in detail. The introduction of foreign economy green credit and carbon emissions trading business on the basis of present China needs to learn from the successful experience of developed countries, expand the low carbon industry in China's financial support, the establishment of carbon emissions trading market of carbon finance based on the formation of real and virtual combination of financial support to develop low carbon economy comprehensive financial system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：X196;F832.5;F124.5

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