【摘要】：最近幾年來(lái)，中國(guó)企業(yè)在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)發(fā)展迅速，他們?cè)诤Ｍ馔顿Y和國(guó)際并購(gòu)市場(chǎng)上的表現(xiàn)令其他國(guó)家刮目相看。企業(yè)要掌握國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的主動(dòng)權(quán)，就必須在充分挖掘國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上，在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)機(jī)，以合適的方式“走出去”。提高海外經(jīng)營(yíng)的成功率，這要求企業(yè)必須首先制定務(wù)實(shí)的國(guó)際化發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，而戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施的核心是為特定的市場(chǎng)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪M(jìn)入模式。研究不同戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)下企業(yè)進(jìn)入模式的選擇機(jī)制問(wèn)題，有助于中國(guó)企業(yè)提高決策的科學(xué)性，以實(shí)現(xiàn)更高的國(guó)際化績(jī)效水平和戰(zhàn)略匹配性。海外市場(chǎng)進(jìn)入模式選擇問(wèn)題是我國(guó)制造業(yè)企業(yè)國(guó)際化過(guò)程中所面臨的焦點(diǎn)問(wèn)題，本文旨在對(duì)這一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究，并建立進(jìn)入模式選擇模型，以期對(duì)中國(guó)制造業(yè)企業(yè)的國(guó)際化有所啟發(fā)和借鑒。 本文的總體構(gòu)想是在確認(rèn)研究對(duì)象與問(wèn)題并充分掌握中國(guó)制造業(yè)企業(yè)進(jìn)入模式現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)理論分析建立多因素的綜合分析框架，，并對(duì)這一框架中的所有要素進(jìn)行展開(kāi)分析。期間將充分吸收既有的研究成果，針對(duì)中國(guó)的實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行條件修正構(gòu)建進(jìn)入模式選擇流程和決策方法，并最終形成趨勢(shì)判斷和研究建議。立足于中國(guó)企業(yè)國(guó)際化的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，借鑒相關(guān)理論研究成果，重點(diǎn)研究了三個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題：首先，中國(guó)制造業(yè)企業(yè)海外市場(chǎng)進(jìn)入模式的演化路徑及其特點(diǎn)是什么?這是分析中國(guó)制造業(yè)的海外市場(chǎng)進(jìn)入模式選擇的現(xiàn)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)和邏輯起點(diǎn)。其次，影響中國(guó)制造業(yè)企業(yè)海外市場(chǎng)進(jìn)入模式選擇的因素有哪些?這些因素的具體影響是怎樣的？最后，在綜合多種因素的基礎(chǔ)上，企業(yè)如何進(jìn)行進(jìn)入模式選擇?通過(guò)分析，本文站在企業(yè)決策者的角度，建立一個(gè)針對(duì)中國(guó)制造業(yè)的海外進(jìn)入模式的選擇模型，并提出了中國(guó)制造業(yè)海外進(jìn)入模式的相關(guān)創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。 綜合各種分析，得出了相關(guān)結(jié)論：第一，從不同規(guī)模企業(yè)的進(jìn)入模式選擇來(lái)看，出口是中小企業(yè)的主要進(jìn)入模式，中小制造業(yè)企業(yè)境外投資的規(guī)模普遍較小，開(kāi)展跨國(guó)經(jīng)營(yíng)的中小企業(yè)很少。大企業(yè)則可以靈活運(yùn)用出口、技術(shù)許可和直接投資的各種形式�，F(xiàn)階段，出口仍然是大企業(yè)的基本進(jìn)入模式；由于受到研發(fā)能力和核心技術(shù)的欠缺，中國(guó)企業(yè)對(duì)技術(shù)許可等契約方式的運(yùn)用還比較少，“交鑰匙”合同更成為大型設(shè)備制造商的專(zhuān)利。海外收購(gòu)是近年來(lái)中國(guó)的大型制造業(yè)企業(yè)進(jìn)入海外市場(chǎng)的重要方式。第二，海外市場(chǎng)進(jìn)動(dòng)因是企業(yè)選取海外市場(chǎng)進(jìn)入模式的基本出發(fā)點(diǎn)。本文將中國(guó)制業(yè)企業(yè)的海外市場(chǎng)進(jìn)入動(dòng)因總結(jié)為市場(chǎng)尋求型、資源尋求型、創(chuàng)造性資產(chǎn)尋求型和全球戰(zhàn)略升級(jí)型四種，并從根本上將這四種動(dòng)因歸結(jié)為兩種：市場(chǎng)尋求型與資源尋求型，前者的邏輯基礎(chǔ)是相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)擴(kuò)展與效率提升；后者則以提高經(jīng)營(yíng)效率和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力為目標(biāo)。第三，作為企業(yè)權(quán)變決策的重要依據(jù)，本文重點(diǎn)研究了中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)因素、東道國(guó)因素、產(chǎn)業(yè)因素和企業(yè)因素對(duì)企業(yè)進(jìn)入模式選擇的潛在影響，形成了多因素綜合分析框架。首先，企業(yè)的能動(dòng)發(fā)展可以影響和促進(jìn)政府的政策選擇，在實(shí)踐中，企業(yè)可以通過(guò)商會(huì)或行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)爭(zhēng)取更有利的制度供給；對(duì)文化因素的關(guān)注，可以促使企業(yè)在國(guó)際化征程中充分發(fā)揚(yáng)光大中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中的優(yōu)秀成分，正確認(rèn)識(shí)不利于國(guó)際化的消極文化因素，保證企業(yè)在“糾偏”的過(guò)程中逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)際化；鎖定中國(guó)的外交路線，可以使企業(yè)充分利用外交資源，更準(zhǔn)確地定位投資區(qū)域，降低海外經(jīng)營(yíng)中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。其次，東道國(guó)因素對(duì)企業(yè)進(jìn)入模式有兩種影響結(jié)果—機(jī)會(huì)與威脅，不同的因素對(duì)企業(yè)不同層次的進(jìn)入模式的作用不同。再次，企業(yè)的內(nèi)部資源與知識(shí)特性、戰(zhàn)略動(dòng)因決定了不同的投資進(jìn)入模式之間的偏向。第四，在綜合多種影響因素的基礎(chǔ)上，本文提出了分層次樹(shù)形選擇模型，并且結(jié)合我國(guó)制造業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀，響應(yīng)習(xí)近平總書(shū)記和李克強(qiáng)總理提出的推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型和深化改革的要求，提出了中國(guó)制造業(yè)海外進(jìn)入模式的相關(guān)創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, Chinese enterprises have developed rapidly in the international market. Their performance in overseas investment and international M & a market makes other countries look at each other. In order to master the initiative of international competition, enterprises must "go out" on the basis of fully excavating the domestic market and at the appropriate time to improve overseas operation. The success rate requires that the enterprise must first formulate a pragmatic international development strategy, and the core of the implementation of the strategy is to choose appropriate entry mode for a specific market. The study of the selection mechanism of the enterprise entry mode under different strategic objectives will help Chinese enterprises to improve the scientific nature of the decision and achieve higher international performance water. The choice of overseas market entry mode is the focus of the internationalization of China's manufacturing enterprises. This paper aims to make a systematic study of this problem and establish a model selection model in order to enlighten and draw lessons from the internationalization of Chinese manufacturing enterprises.
The overall idea of this paper is to establish a comprehensive analysis framework of multiple factors through theoretical analysis on the basis of identifying the research objects and problems and fully mastering the status of the entry mode of Chinese manufacturing enterprises, and to analyze all the elements in this framework. The condition is modified to construct the mode selection process and the decision method, and finally forms the trend judgment and the research suggestion. Based on the reality of the internationalization of Chinese enterprises and drawing on the relevant theoretical research results, this paper focuses on the three aspects: first, the evolution path of the overseas market entry mode of Chinese manufacturing enterprises and its evolution path. What are the characteristics? This is the realistic basis and logical starting point for analyzing the choice of Chinese manufacturing overseas market entry mode. Secondly, what are the factors affecting the selection of Chinese manufacturing enterprises' overseas market entry mode? How are the specific effects of these factors? Finally, on the basis of a variety of factors, how do enterprises enter the model Through the analysis, this paper sets up a selection model for the overseas entry mode of Chinese manufacturing industry from the perspective of enterprise decision-makers, and puts forward the relevant innovation points of the overseas entry mode of Chinese manufacturing industry.
According to the comprehensive analysis, the relevant conclusions are drawn. First, from the choice of the entry mode of different scale enterprises, the export is the main entry mode of small and medium-sized enterprises, the size of foreign investment in small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises is generally small, and the small and medium-sized enterprises carrying out transnational operation are very few. At the present stage, export is still the basic mode of entry for large enterprises. Due to the lack of R & D ability and core technology, Chinese enterprises have less use of contract methods such as technical license. "Cross key" contracts have become more specialized for large equipment manufacturers. Overseas acquisition is a large manufacturing industry in China in recent years. The important way for the enterprise to enter the overseas market. Second, the import and export of the overseas market is the basic starting point for the enterprise to select the mode of entering the overseas market. This article summarizes the motivation of the overseas market entry of Chinese industry enterprises as market seeking, resource seeking, creative asset seeking and global strategic upgrading, and fundamentally this The four causes are two types: market seeking and resource seeking. The logical basis of the former is the expansion of relative advantages and efficiency enhancement; the latter aims at improving the efficiency and competitiveness of the business. Third, as an important basis for the decision of the contingency of enterprises, this paper focuses on the domestic factors, host countries, industrial factors and the domestic factors. The potential impact of enterprise factors on the choice of enterprise entry mode has formed a multi factor comprehensive analysis framework. First, the dynamic development of the enterprise can affect and promote the policy choice of the government. In practice, the enterprise can strive for more favorable institutional supply through the chamber of Commerce or industry association, and the concern of cultural factors can promote the enterprise in the country. In the course of the intercourse, we fully develop the excellent components of Chinese traditional culture, correctly understand the negative cultural factors which are not conducive to internationalization, and ensure that the enterprises are gradually internationalized in the process of "rectifying", and the lock on China's diplomatic route can make enterprises make full use of foreign sources, locate the investment areas more accurately, and reduce the overseas classics. Secondly, the host country factors have two impact results on the enterprise entry mode - opportunities and threats, different factors play different roles in different levels of enterprise entry mode. Again, the internal resources and knowledge characteristics of the enterprises, strategic drivers determine the deviation between different investment entry modes. Fourth, in a comprehensive variety of Shadows. On the basis of the noise factors, this paper puts forward a hierarchical tree selection model, and in response to the current situation of China's manufacturing industry, in response to the requirements proposed by general secretary Xi Jinping and Prime Minister Li Keqiang to promote economic transformation and deepen the reform, it puts forward the relevant innovation points of the mode of Chinese manufacturing overseas entry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F272.3;F425

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