【摘要】：自從中國加入WT0后,憑借全球產(chǎn)業(yè)階梯化轉移,裝備制造業(yè)得到了迅猛的發(fā)展。目前隨著勞動力成本優(yōu)勢逐漸的流失、進出口貿(mào)易的制約和國內(nèi)外競爭對手的技術壁壘,中國裝備制造業(yè)正面臨著發(fā)展模式轉型的問題。企業(yè)經(jīng)濟效益的增長從之前依靠高損耗、高投資、重污染和低效能的發(fā)展模式轉移到注重技術創(chuàng)新、提高生產(chǎn)效率和資源利用率上來。裝備制造業(yè)是我國民族性產(chǎn)業(yè),它已成為中國經(jīng)濟增長和國際地位提高的支柱性力量。但是與發(fā)達國家相比,我國裝備制造業(yè)技術創(chuàng)新能力還是相對薄弱,并且很多企業(yè)缺乏主動創(chuàng)新意識,因此企業(yè)盈利能力還未得到應有的提高。自主研發(fā)進行技術創(chuàng)新或工藝的改進是增強企業(yè)盈利能力,提高競爭力的有力武器。在這樣的大背景下,以裝備制造業(yè)為例研究技術創(chuàng)新能力與盈利能力的關系有著重要意義。 本文以技術創(chuàng)新四種基礎理論出發(fā),參考和梳理了技術創(chuàng)新能力、企業(yè)盈利能力以及技術創(chuàng)新能力與盈利能力之間關系的國內(nèi)外相關文獻,并對技術創(chuàng)新能力和企業(yè)盈利能力的內(nèi)涵進行界定,以國內(nèi)外學者對技術創(chuàng)新能力影響盈利能力的指標為基礎,選取科研人員數(shù)量、RD經(jīng)費內(nèi)部支出、技術改造支出、專利申請數(shù)量和新產(chǎn)品銷售收入5個指標來評價技術創(chuàng)新能力,并將這些指標分為資源投入型和效益產(chǎn)出型兩大類。用主營業(yè)務利潤率指標來評價盈利能力,并建立多元線性回歸模型。本文立足于裝備制造業(yè)7個子行業(yè),對樣本選取2002年到2013年的12年數(shù)據(jù)作為研究對象進行實證研究。首先對裝備制造業(yè)7個子行業(yè)技術創(chuàng)新能力指標和盈利能力指標做描述性統(tǒng)計,并從中得出一些基本結論,然后對變量之間做相關性分析并提出相應假設,最后運用統(tǒng)計軟件對樣本做線性回歸進一步驗證了技術創(chuàng)新能力對盈利能力的影響。 實證結果表明：裝備制造業(yè)科研人員數(shù)量與盈利能力呈正相關關系,RD經(jīng)費內(nèi)部支出與盈利能力呈負相關關系,技術改造支出與盈利能力呈正相關關系,專利申請數(shù)量、新產(chǎn)品銷售收入都與盈利能力呈正相關關系,其中科研人員數(shù)量、技術改造支出和專利申請數(shù)量都與盈利能力關系顯著。 最后根據(jù)實證結果分析原因,并從宏觀層面和微觀層面為中國裝備制造業(yè)通過技術創(chuàng)新能力來提高盈利能力提出五點建議。
[Abstract]:Since China's entry into the WT0, with the global industrial ladder transfer, the equipment manufacturing industry has been developing rapidly. At present, with the gradual loss of the labor cost advantage, the restriction of import and export trade and the technical barriers of competitors at home and abroad, China's equipment manufacturing industry is facing the problem of the transformation of the development model. The development model, which relies on high loss, high investment, heavy pollution and inefficient energy, has shifted to focus on technological innovation and improve production efficiency and resource utilization. The equipment manufacturing industry is a national industry in China. It has become a pillar of China's economic growth and international status improvement. But compared with developed countries, China's equipment system is compared. The technological innovation ability of manufacturing industry is still relatively weak, and many enterprises lack the awareness of initiative innovation. Therefore, the profitability of enterprises has not been improved. The improvement of technological innovation or technology by independent research and development is a powerful weapon to enhance the profitability and competitiveness of enterprises. Under such a background, the equipment manufacturing industry is used as an example. The relationship between technological innovation capability and profitability is of great significance.
Based on the four basic theories of technological innovation, this paper refers to and combs the domestic and foreign related literature on the relationship between technological innovation ability, enterprise profitability, technological innovation ability and profitability, and defines the technical innovation ability and the connotation of enterprise profitability, which can affect the profitability of technical innovation ability at home and abroad. On the basis of the index of force, we select the number of scientific research personnel, the internal expenditure of RD funds, the expenditure of technical transformation, the number of patent applications and the sales income of new products to evaluate the technological innovation ability, and divide these indexes into two categories: resource input type and benefit output type. Based on the 7 sub industries of the equipment manufacturing industry, this paper makes an empirical study on the sample selected from 2002 to 2013 as the research object. First, this paper makes a descriptive statistics on the technical innovation capability index and profitability index of the 7 sub industries of the equipment manufacturing industry, and draws some basic conclusions and then the variables. The correlation analysis is made and the corresponding hypothesis is put forward. Finally, the linear regression of statistical software is used to further verify the impact of technological innovation ability on profitability.
The empirical results show that the number of scientific research personnel in the equipment manufacturing industry has a positive correlation with the profitability. The internal expenditure of RD funds has a negative correlation with the profitability, and there is a positive correlation between the technological transformation expenditure and the profitability. The number of patent applications and the sales revenue of the new products are positively related to the profitability. The cost of retrofit and the number of patent applications are significantly related to profitability.
Finally, the reasons are analyzed on the basis of the empirical results, and five suggestions are put forward for China's equipment manufacturing industry to improve its profitability through technological innovation ability from the macro level and micro level.
【學位授予單位】：西北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F426.4;F273.1;F272.5

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