本文關(guān)鍵詞： 可持續(xù)發(fā)展 稀土 出口　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：稀土作為不可再生的重要資源，被眾多國家列為發(fā)展高新產(chǎn)業(yè)的關(guān)鍵元素和國家級戰(zhàn)略元素。2014年3月結(jié)束的WTO訴訟案，圍繞我國稀土出口問題展開了激烈的辯論。一審敗訴，表明我國稀土出口問題已上升到國際問題。針對稀土出口問題的研究，應(yīng)該更加深入。 我國是世界上最大的稀土生產(chǎn)國，，其儲量、產(chǎn)量和出口量均居世界首位。稀土產(chǎn)量和出口量的持續(xù)增加，不僅直接導(dǎo)致了我國稀土儲量驟減，而且稀土的開采、冶煉、加工、分離等一系列生產(chǎn)過程對環(huán)境造成了極大的污染，嚴(yán)重影響了我國稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 本文通過對比各稀土大國的稀土儲量、產(chǎn)量和出口量，指出在其他各稀土大國保護本國稀土資源的同時，我國以占世界約40%的稀土儲量，供應(yīng)了全球90%以上的稀土需求量。就對比結(jié)果，從可持續(xù)發(fā)展的三大原則出發(fā)，分析了我國稀土出口與可持續(xù)發(fā)展的相關(guān)性，得出稀土的出口量、出口保護度和定價權(quán)是對可持續(xù)發(fā)展的公平性、持續(xù)性和共通性三大原則的量化。運用線性回歸模型、納什均衡模型和動態(tài)價格比較模型，對稀土出口量、出口保護度和定價權(quán)進行量化分析。線性回歸模型中，以國內(nèi)稀土產(chǎn)量與出口量作為指標(biāo)，建立相關(guān)模型，并運用灰色度模型、最小二乘模型和優(yōu)化度模型對其進行優(yōu)化，得到最優(yōu)線性回歸模型，對我國稀土出口過程中存在的問題進行分析評價。納什均衡模型中，通過建立我國與發(fā)達(dá)國家的博弈矩陣，計算出我國稀土最佳保護度的取值范圍，從而判斷現(xiàn)階段我國稀土保護度是否合理。動態(tài)價格比較模型中，運用國際稀土價格和國內(nèi)進口稀土價格作為指標(biāo)，建立動態(tài)價格比較模型，對定價權(quán)問題進行評價分析。 本文的主要結(jié)論：第一、我國稀土出口量雖然在逐漸減少，但與其他稀土生產(chǎn)國相比，出口比重仍然太大；第二、稀土資源保護方面，政府需要根據(jù)現(xiàn)階段的稀土發(fā)展情況制定相應(yīng)的補償措施；第三、稀土定價權(quán)方面，勞動力成本和環(huán)境成本與稀土價格不平衡，是造成定價權(quán)缺失的主要原因。針對稀土出口存在的問題，提出對不同稀土元素差別化管理，優(yōu)化稀土資源配置，提高稀土開采成本，建立合理的勞動成本和環(huán)境成本等方面的相應(yīng)對策建議。
[Abstract]:Rare earth, as an important non-renewable resource, has been listed as the key element and national strategic element in the development of high-tech industry in many countries. The WTO lawsuit case ended in March 2014. There is a heated debate about the export of rare earths in China. The defeat of the first instance indicates that the export of rare earths in China has risen to an international problem. The research on the export of rare earths should be further deepened. China is the largest rare earth producer in the world, and its reserves, production and export volume are the first in the world. The continuous increase of rare earth production and export volume not only leads to the sharp decrease of rare earth reserves in China. Moreover, a series of production processes such as mining, smelting, processing and separation of rare earths have caused great pollution to the environment and seriously affected the sustainable development of rare earth industry in China. By comparing the rare earth reserves, output and export volume of each rare earth country, this paper points out that while other rare earth countries protect their own rare earth resources, our country accounts for about 40% rare earth reserves in the world. The rare earth demand of more than 90% in the world has been supplied. According to the comparative results, the correlation between the export of rare earths and sustainable development in China is analyzed according to the three principles of sustainable development, and the export volume of rare earths is obtained. The export protection degree and pricing power are the quantification of the three principles of equity, persistence and commonality of sustainable development. Using linear regression model, Nash equilibrium model and dynamic price comparison model, the export volume of rare earths is analyzed. Quantitative analysis of export protection and pricing power. In the linear regression model, the domestic rare earth production and export volume as indicators, establish the relevant model, and use the grey degree model. The least square model and the optimization degree model are optimized to obtain the optimal linear regression model. The problems existing in the process of rare earth export in China are analyzed and evaluated. By establishing the game matrix between China and the developed countries, the range of the optimal protection degree of rare earths in China is calculated, so as to determine whether the protection degree of rare earths in China is reasonable at present. In the dynamic price comparison model. Using the international rare earth price and the domestic rare earth price as the index, the dynamic price comparison model is established to evaluate and analyze the pricing power. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: first, although the export of rare earths in China is gradually decreasing, the export proportion is still too large compared with other rare earth producing countries; Second, the protection of rare earth resources, the government needs to make corresponding compensation measures according to the development of rare earths at this stage; Thirdly, the imbalance between labor cost and environmental cost and rare earth price is the main reason for the lack of pricing power. The corresponding countermeasures and suggestions on the differential management of different rare earth elements, optimizing the allocation of rare earth resources, increasing the cost of rare earth mining, establishing reasonable labor cost and environmental cost are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F426;F752.62

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 閆包成;祖剛;;包頭稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想[J];北方經(jīng)濟;2009年15期

2 劉慧芳;;我國稀土出口貿(mào)易中利益相關(guān)方博弈分析[J];財貿(mào)經(jīng)濟;2011年09期

3 徐光憲;;強烈呼吁國家建立稀土戰(zhàn)略元素儲備制度[J];中國高新區(qū);2009年08期

4 陳梓睿;;中國爭取稀土國際貿(mào)易定價權(quán)的策略[J];廣東經(jīng)濟;2012年11期

5 于立新;湯婧;;我國稀土開發(fā)與出口戰(zhàn)略對策研究[J];國際貿(mào)易;2012年07期

6 洪廣言;;對稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的建議[J];高科技與產(chǎn)業(yè)化;2012年08期

7 楊丹輝;;我國稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略與政策體系構(gòu)建[J];當(dāng)代經(jīng)濟管理;2013年08期

8 馬鵬起;高永生;徐來自;;包頭白云鄂博資源的綜合利用與環(huán)境保護[J];決策咨詢通訊;2009年02期

9 杜鳳蓮;董競澤;;中國稀土產(chǎn)業(yè)政策及其對出口市場的影響[J];內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)學(xué)報(哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)版);2011年06期

10 陳健;吳楠;;世界稀土資源現(xiàn)狀分析與我國稀土資源可持續(xù)發(fā)展對策[J];農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化研究;2012年01期

本文編號：1453158