本文選題：高新技術(shù)企業(yè) + 企業(yè)位勢(shì)��； 參考：《浙江工商大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)由于技術(shù)含量高、市場(chǎng)不確定強(qiáng)及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)收益高等特點(diǎn),已經(jīng)成為了知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代的支柱性產(chǎn)業(yè),成為了推動(dòng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的主力"發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)",甚至成為了衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家綜合國(guó)力水平強(qiáng)弱的重要指標(biāo)。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來(lái),人類(lèi)開(kāi)啟了科學(xué)發(fā)展的新紀(jì)元,以高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)為主導(dǎo)的知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)革命和科學(xué)技術(shù)革命浪潮對(duì)人們的生活產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。也正是這一時(shí)代背景的到來(lái),高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)得以呈現(xiàn)井噴式的發(fā)展,電子商務(wù)、移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、大數(shù)據(jù)、云計(jì)算、人工智能和移動(dòng)智能通信等已經(jīng)滲透到了人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹母鱾€(gè)角落,完全顛覆了人們傳統(tǒng)的生活習(xí)慣和認(rèn)知觀念。然而,高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境不確定性非常強(qiáng),是動(dòng)態(tài)的、難以預(yù)測(cè)的,特別是新技術(shù)的不確定性和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的不確定性,已成為了高新技術(shù)企業(yè)所面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)。其次,縱觀近年我國(guó)高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r,可以看出高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)中企業(yè)的發(fā)展軌跡并不同于以往傳統(tǒng)行業(yè),非線性發(fā)展軌跡成為了高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)的獨(dú)有特性。如移動(dòng)支付、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融、智能手機(jī)等,它們的誕生和發(fā)展不過(guò)短短幾年,就能對(duì)整個(gè)行業(yè)產(chǎn)生顛覆式的影響,這種后發(fā)的突破和逆襲現(xiàn)象以及競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的無(wú)形化已成為了高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)中的常態(tài)。此外,高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)信息和技術(shù)更新的頻率特別快,相對(duì)于其他產(chǎn)業(yè)高新技術(shù)的產(chǎn)品生命周期很短。每一項(xiàng)高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的誕生到成功運(yùn)用于人們的日常生活的時(shí)間周期都相對(duì)較運(yùn),隨著消費(fèi)者需求的日趨多樣性,以消費(fèi)者需求為導(dǎo)向的高新技術(shù)為了滿足其多樣化的消費(fèi)需求,高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)也必須時(shí)刻保持先進(jìn)性和持續(xù)創(chuàng)新性,稍有不慎便會(huì)被產(chǎn)業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者所取代。在這種情況下,高新技術(shù)企業(yè)面臨著更加激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)格局,層出不窮的不確定性在給高技術(shù)企業(yè)制造"麻煩"的同時(shí),也在不斷地創(chuàng)造新的市場(chǎng)與新的機(jī)會(huì),這將直接導(dǎo)致高新技術(shù)企業(yè)永遠(yuǎn)處于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的風(fēng)口浪尖,能否贏得競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、在產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中實(shí)現(xiàn)向高位勢(shì)的躍遷,很大程度上取決于企業(yè)在實(shí)現(xiàn)位勢(shì)躍遷時(shí)路徑的選擇。因而,高新技術(shù)企業(yè)若想擺脫這一長(zhǎng)期困境,就必須找到適合自己的發(fā)展路徑,在整個(gè)高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條中實(shí)現(xiàn)位勢(shì)躍遷,實(shí)現(xiàn)從"低位勢(shì)"向"高位勢(shì)"的跨越。本文針對(duì)高新技術(shù)企業(yè)為努力擺脫"低位勢(shì)'"的窘境、實(shí)現(xiàn)位勢(shì)躍遷的行為進(jìn)行研究,對(duì)其非線性結(jié)構(gòu)的位勢(shì)躍遷方式進(jìn)行深入的研究,提出了"嵌入性視角下高新技術(shù)企業(yè)位勢(shì)躍遷路徑"的研究命題。首先對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)地研究,從嵌入性、企業(yè)位勢(shì)、中心度、結(jié)構(gòu)洞、凝聚子群等相關(guān)概念及研究綜述入手,繼而提出高新技術(shù)企業(yè)"位勢(shì)躍遷路徑'"的概念。本文采取多案例的研究方法,選取了騰訊微信支付、阿里金融和華為手機(jī)通信這三家本土高新技術(shù)企業(yè)的細(xì)分業(yè)務(wù)作為樣本案例,對(duì)這些案例企業(yè)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的訪談,并對(duì)企業(yè)總結(jié)、檔案、新聞報(bào)道和CNKI搜索研究文獻(xiàn)等檔案資料的整理,并通過(guò)案例內(nèi)分析和跨案例分析,筆者提煉出了高新技術(shù)企業(yè)位勢(shì)躍遷的三條可行性路徑:(1)凝聚子群路徑。騰訊微信支付建立在微信強(qiáng)大的社交能力上,在用戶超過(guò)7億的微信社交平臺(tái)上每個(gè)用戶都有屬于自己的核心朋友圈子,在此基礎(chǔ)上微信支付抓住了"紅包文化"的主流,運(yùn)用"搶紅包"游戲?qū)⒏鱾€(gè)"小圈子"凝聚起來(lái),在各個(gè)看似獨(dú)立的微信用戶圈子間建立了聯(lián)系,并以此為媒介打開(kāi)了微信的移動(dòng)支付市場(chǎng)。微信移動(dòng)支付開(kāi)辟了一條凝聚子群的路徑,實(shí)現(xiàn)了企業(yè)低位勢(shì)向高位勢(shì)的跨越;(2)提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)中心度路徑。阿里巴巴依托其電商平臺(tái)開(kāi)展金融業(yè)務(wù),阿里金融經(jīng)過(guò)一步步的探索,找準(zhǔn)了整個(gè)社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的核心位置,然后再以移動(dòng)支付為核心金融業(yè)務(wù),向其他金融業(yè)務(wù)領(lǐng)域拓展,逐步成長(zhǎng)為新金融模式的引領(lǐng)者。阿里金融的成功在于其選擇了正確躍遷路徑,即通過(guò)提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)中心度,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)位勢(shì)的跨越;(3)占據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)洞路徑。華為前期各種資源與能力的積累和全球智能手機(jī)的興起是其時(shí)機(jī)條件,在此基礎(chǔ)上華為手機(jī)通過(guò)占據(jù)智能手機(jī)領(lǐng)域的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)洞,憑借其信息優(yōu)勢(shì)和控制優(yōu)勢(shì),充分挖掘創(chuàng)新資源,為創(chuàng)新主體間的需求和供給提供及時(shí)、有效的溝通乃至信息增值服務(wù),從而使得華為手機(jī)在短短幾年內(nèi)便擠進(jìn)了全球智能手機(jī)市場(chǎng)的前三強(qiáng)。從社會(huì)整體網(wǎng)絡(luò)的視角來(lái)講,華為手機(jī)開(kāi)辟了占據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)洞路徑來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)位勢(shì)的躍遷。本研究豐富了企業(yè)位勢(shì)躍遷理論,為今后我國(guó)本土高新技術(shù)企業(yè)嘗試位勢(shì)躍遷提供了理論支撐。
[Abstract]:High technology industry has become the pillar industry in the knowledge economy era because of its high technical content, strong market uncertainty and high risk income. It has become the main engine of the development of the world economy, and even became an important indicator to measure the strength and weakness of a country's comprehensive national strength. Since twenty-first Century, the human being has opened. The new era of scientific development, the revolution of knowledge economy and the revolution of science and technology led by high and new technology industry have a great influence on people's life. It is the coming of the background of this era. The high and new technology industry is able to show the development of blowout, electronic commerce, mobile Internet, large data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence. Mobile intelligent communication has penetrated into every corner of people's daily life, completely subverting people's traditional habits and cognitive concepts. However, the competitive environment of the high-tech industry is very uncertain, dynamic and unpredictable, especially the uncertainty of the new technology and the uncertainty of economic benefits. Secondly, looking at the development of new and high technology industry in China in recent years, it can be seen that the development track of enterprises in high and new technology industry is different from the traditional industry. The nonlinear development path has become the unique characteristic of high and new technology industry, such as mobile payment, Internet Finance, smart phone and so on. Their birth and development are only a few years, and they can have a subversive effect on the whole industry. The breakthroughs and adversaries and the intangibles of the competitors have become the normal in the high and new technology industry. In addition, the frequency of information and technology updates in the high-tech industry is very fast, relative to other industries. The life cycle of the product is very short. The birth of every high-tech product or service is relatively successful in the time cycle of people's daily life. With the increasing diversity of consumer demand, the high and new technology based on consumer demand is necessary to meet its diversified consumption demand, and the high and new technology products and services are also necessary. In this case, the high and new technology enterprises are facing a more fierce competition pattern. In this case, the uncertain uncertainty is creating new market and new opportunities as well as creating new markets and new opportunities at the same time. The high and new technology enterprises are always at the sharp point of competition. Whether they can win the competition and achieve the high position in the industrial chain, it depends largely on the choice of the path when the enterprise realizes the potential transition. Therefore, if the high-tech enterprises want to get rid of this long-term predicament, they must find the suitable development path for their own. In the new technology industry chain, the potential leap is realized to realize the leap from "low potential" to "high potential". This paper studies the behavior of high and new technology enterprises to get rid of the "low potential" and realize potential transition, and makes an in-depth study on the potential transition mode of its nonlinear structure, and puts forward the "high technology under the perspective of embeddedness". First of all, the research status of domestic and foreign research is systematically studied, starting with the concepts of embeddedness, enterprise potential, centrality, structure hole, condensing subgroup and so on, and then the concept of "potential transition path" of high-tech enterprises is put forward. WeChat payment, Ali financial and HUAWEI mobile communication, the three local high-tech enterprises subdivision business as sample cases, the case of these cases of interviews, and the enterprise summary, archives, news reports and CNKI search research documents and other archives, and through case analysis and cross case analysis, the author There are three feasible paths for the potential transition of high-tech enterprises: (1) cohesive subgroup path. Tencent WeChat payment is built on the strong social ability of WeChat, and each user has its own core friend circle on the WeChat social platform over 700 million of the user, and on this basis, the WeChat payment has seized the mainstream of "red packet culture". With the "red packet" game, each "small circle" has been condensed, and a connection is established between the seemingly independent WeChat subscriber circles, and the mobile payment market of WeChat is opened as a medium. WeChat mobile payment opens a path to condense the subgroups, realizes the leapfrog of the low potential of the enterprise, and (2) improving the network centrality. The Alibaba relies on its e-commerce platform to carry out the financial business. Ali financial through a step of exploration, find the core position of the whole social network, and then take mobile payment as the core financial business, expand to other financial business areas, and gradually grow into a new financial model leader. Ali financial success lies in its choice. The correct transition path, namely by improving the network centrality, thus realizing the leap of the enterprise potential; (3) occupying the path of the structure hole. The accumulation of various resources and capabilities in the early HUAWEI and the rise of the global smart phone are its opportune conditions. On this basis, the HUAWEI mobile phone can rely on its information advantage by occupying the network structure hole in the field of smart phone. The potential and control advantage, fully excavate innovative resources, provide timely, effective communication and even information value-added services for the demand and supply of innovative subjects, thus making the HUAWEI mobile phone in the top three top of the global smartphone market in a few short years. From the perspective of the overall social network, the HUAWEI Mobile has opened up the structure hole. This study enriches the theory of potential transition of enterprises and provides theoretical support for China's local high-tech enterprises to try the potential transition in the future.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F276.44

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