【摘要】：山西臨縣是全國棗果生產(chǎn)大縣,在全國棗果產(chǎn)業(yè)中具有舉足輕重的地位。近年來,由于自然災(zāi)害嚴(yán)重、自身品種品質(zhì)差、市場環(huán)境不利等諸多因素的影響,其處境不容樂觀。臨縣的棗果產(chǎn)業(yè)如何才能做大做強(qiáng),如何才能越走越遠(yuǎn),已成為政府和農(nóng)民亟待解決的問題。本文從國內(nèi)棗果產(chǎn)量分布分析入手,結(jié)合當(dāng)前臨縣棗果產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀,對臨縣棗果產(chǎn)業(yè)分布布局、品種選育與構(gòu)成、有機(jī)棗果基地建設(shè)、棗果的發(fā)展規(guī)模、產(chǎn)量狀況和棗果市場等方面進(jìn)行了實(shí)地調(diào)查,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)臨縣棗果產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展滯后除受當(dāng)?shù)刈匀粸?zāi)害頻繁發(fā)生影響外,政府、企業(yè)和棗農(nóng)是導(dǎo)致棗果產(chǎn)業(yè)落后的主要原因。政府組織協(xié)調(diào)不到位、政策扶持力度不夠、相關(guān)管理部門缺乏對企業(yè)和合作社的監(jiān)管以及棗果品牌宣傳意識薄弱；企業(yè)經(jīng)營管理水平不高和產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條短、棗果產(chǎn)業(yè)科技含量偏低和產(chǎn)品附加值低以及龍頭企業(yè)影響力�。粭椶r(nóng)科技意識薄弱、棗賤傷農(nóng)導(dǎo)致種植棗果的積極性差、以及缺乏相關(guān)的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)知識。基于以上對臨縣棗果產(chǎn)業(yè)落后的成因分析,本文從政府、企業(yè)和棗農(nóng)三方面對臨縣棗果產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展提出了相應(yīng)的建設(shè)性對策。首先,政府要積極發(fā)揮自己應(yīng)有的職能,加大對農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的投資力度,盡快建成檢驗(yàn)中心,從源頭嚴(yán)把棗果質(zhì)量關(guān),大力推廣“鮮棗+蔬菜”貯藏保鮮技術(shù)；其次,企業(yè)需主動改變經(jīng)營策略,積極利用多種渠道多方位開拓市場,建設(shè)有機(jī)紅棗生產(chǎn)基地并有目的地培養(yǎng)紅棗意見領(lǐng)袖,加大宣傳品牌特色的力度,努力延伸產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條從而實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展,跨越發(fā)展和可持續(xù)發(fā)展；最后,棗農(nóng)要積極提升自身綜合素質(zhì),向新型專業(yè)棗農(nóng)轉(zhuǎn)型�？傊�,臨縣要改變棗果產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,就應(yīng)走“產(chǎn)、學(xué)、研”相結(jié)合之路,把政府的宏觀調(diào)控、市場的合理運(yùn)行、棗企的科技提升和棗農(nóng)的積極參與有機(jī)的結(jié)合起來。
[Abstract]:Linxian County, Shanxi Province, is a big country in jujube fruit production, which plays an important role in jujube industry. In recent years, due to the influence of many factors, such as serious natural disasters, poor quality of their own varieties and unfavorable market environment, their situation is not optimistic. How to make the jujube industry bigger and stronger and how to go further and further in Linxian has become an urgent problem to be solved by the government and farmers. Based on the analysis of domestic jujube yield distribution and the present situation of jujube industry development in Linxian, this paper analyzes the distribution of jujube industry in Linxian, the breeding and composition of varieties, the construction of organic jujube fruit base, and the development scale of jujube fruit. Field investigation on yield and jujube market was carried out. The results showed that the lag of jujube industry in Linxian County was mainly caused by the government, enterprises and jujube farmers besides the frequent natural disasters. The government organization coordination is not in place, the policy support dynamics is not enough, the related management department lacks the supervision to the enterprise and the cooperative as well as the jujube fruit brand propaganda consciousness is weak; The enterprise management level is not high and the industry chain is short, the jujube fruit industry science and technology content is on the low side and the product added value is low, and the leading enterprise influence is small; The scientific and technological consciousness of jujube farmers is weak, the poor enthusiasm of planting jujube fruits and the lack of relevant knowledge of market economy. Based on the analysis of the causes of the backwardness of the jujube industry in Linxian, this paper puts forward some constructive countermeasures for the development of the jujube industry in Linxian from the government, enterprises and jujube farmers. First of all, the government should give full play to its own function, increase the investment in rural infrastructure, establish the inspection center as soon as possible, strictly control the quality of jujube fruit from the source, and vigorously promote the "fresh jujube vegetable" storage and preservation technology. Secondly, enterprises should take the initiative to change their management strategies, actively use various channels to open up markets, build organic jujube production bases and purposefully train the opinion leaders of jujube, and increase the intensity of promoting brand characteristics. To extend the industrial chain so as to achieve transformational development, leapfrogging development and sustainable development; Finally, jujube farmers should actively improve their comprehensive quality, to a new type of professional jujube farmers transition. In a word, to change the present situation of jujube industry in Linxian County, we should combine production, study and research, combine the government's macro-control, the rational operation of the market, the scientific and technological promotion of jujube enterprises and the active participation of jujube farmers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F326.13

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