各產(chǎn)業(yè)中勞動報酬份額變化研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-10 08:36
【摘要】：當前,我國以出口為導(dǎo)向的外向型經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式遇到了各種各樣的挑戰(zhàn)。拉動經(jīng)濟增長的“三駕馬車”中的投資和出口遭遇瓶頸,經(jīng)濟增長的新動力落腳在了消費上。拉動內(nèi)需、擴大消費成為當前發(fā)展的重要任務(wù)。消費的基礎(chǔ)是勞動者,收入來源是勞動報酬,因此收入分配中勞動報酬份額的變化成為研究的重點。黨的十八大會議和十八屆三中全會,明確提出改善民生,促進社會公平正義,深化社會改革和收入分配制度改革,努力實現(xiàn)居民收入增長和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展同步,提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重,提高勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重。提高“兩個比重”的訴求再次被寫進社會發(fā)展指導(dǎo)綱要中。本文創(chuàng)新性之處在于以投入產(chǎn)出表為基礎(chǔ),從產(chǎn)業(yè)角度出發(fā),探尋各產(chǎn)業(yè)收入分配格局的演變歷程及其與整體收入分配格局之間的關(guān)系。本文研究結(jié)果顯示,從份額上看,科教文衛(wèi)業(yè)的勞動報酬份額最高,最高達到85%,金融業(yè)勞動報酬份額最低。從波動程度上看,流通業(yè)波動幅度最大。金融業(yè)波動幅度最小。增加值占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值最高的重工業(yè)、流通業(yè),其內(nèi)部勞動報酬占比的變化趨勢同整體變化趨勢—致,且其增加值的內(nèi)部分配情況與整體增加值分配情況有顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系。輕工業(yè)、金融資產(chǎn)業(yè)及新興產(chǎn)業(yè)勞動報酬占比較低。公共服務(wù)業(yè)和科教文衛(wèi)業(yè)是八大類別中最高的,在60%以上。本文研究中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些問題。八大產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值中勞動報酬占比低于國民經(jīng)濟勞動報酬占比的達到5個,且增加值占比較大的重工業(yè)、流通業(yè)、輕工業(yè)、金融資產(chǎn)業(yè)大幅度低于平均水平。勞動報酬整體占比不高,形勢不容樂觀。針對各產(chǎn)業(yè)收入分配中勞動報酬占比的不同狀況和變化趨勢,本文提出相對應(yīng)的政策建議。繼續(xù)做大做強國民經(jīng)濟。推行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅,適當降低政府、企業(yè)稅收負擔,發(fā)揮稅收的收入調(diào)節(jié)作用,鼓勵小微企業(yè)發(fā)展,增加勞動報酬占總增加值的比重。重工業(yè)和流通業(yè),要著重進行內(nèi)部分配改革。完善勞動、資本、技術(shù)、管理等要素按貢獻參與分配的初次分配機制,完善最低工資和工資支付保障制度,完善企業(yè)工資集體協(xié)商制度。適時適度加大對建筑業(yè)的扶持力度,提高建筑業(yè)增加值在國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的占比。扶持公共服務(wù)業(yè)和科教文衛(wèi)業(yè),提高增加值占比。整合科技規(guī)劃和資源,深化教育綜合改革,完善政府對基礎(chǔ)性、戰(zhàn)略性、前沿性科學(xué)研究和共性技術(shù)研究的支持機制。
[Abstract]:At present, China's export-oriented economic development model has encountered a variety of challenges. Investment and exports in the troika of economic growth meet bottlenecks, and the new power of economic growth lies in consumption. Stimulating domestic demand and expanding consumption has become an important task for current development. The basis of consumption is laborer, and the source of income is labor reward, so the change of labor compensation share in income distribution becomes the focus of study. The 18th National Congress of the Party and the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee explicitly proposed to improve the people's livelihood, promote social equity and justice, deepen social reform and reform of the income distribution system, and strive to synchronize the growth of residents' incomes with economic development. Increase the proportion of resident income in the distribution of national income, increase the proportion of labor reward in the initial distribution. The appeal of raising the "two proportion" was once again included in the social development guidelines. On the basis of input-output table and from the angle of industry, the innovation of this paper is to explore the evolution course of income distribution pattern of various industries and the relationship between it and the overall income distribution pattern. The results show that the share of labor compensation is the highest in science, education, culture and health, and the lowest in financial industry. From the point of view of the degree of fluctuation, circulation fluctuates the most. The financial sector is the least volatile. In heavy industry, circulation industry with the highest gross domestic product, the change trend of internal labor reward is caused by the overall changing trend, and the internal distribution of added value has a significant correlation with the distribution of total added value. Light industry, financial assets industry and emerging industries labor compensation is relatively low. Public service industry and science, education, culture and health industry are the highest in the eight categories, at more than 60%. Some problems are also found in this paper. Of the eight major industries, the proportion of labor compensation is lower than that of the national economy by 5, and the heavy industry, circulation industry, light industry and financial assets industry, which account for a large proportion of the added value, are substantially below the average level. The overall proportion of labor remuneration is not high, the situation is not optimistic. In view of the different situation and changing trend of the proportion of labor reward in the income distribution of various industries, this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions. We will continue to expand and strengthen the national economy. We should carry out structural tax reduction, appropriately reduce the tax burden on the government and enterprises, give play to the role of tax revenue regulation, encourage the development of small and micro enterprises, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration to the total added value. Heavy industry and circulation should focus on internal distribution reform. Improve labor, capital, technology, management and other elements according to contributions to participate in the distribution of the initial distribution mechanism, improve the minimum wage and wage payment security system, and improve the collective bargaining system of enterprise wages. Timely and appropriate increase of support to the construction industry, to increase the proportion of the value added in the gross domestic product. Support the public service industry and science, education, culture and health industry, and increase the proportion of added value. Integrating scientific and technological planning and resources, deepening the comprehensive reform of education, and perfecting the government's support mechanism for basic, strategic and front-line scientific research and common technology research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：財政部財政科學(xué)研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F249.24
本文編號：2321942
[Abstract]:At present, China's export-oriented economic development model has encountered a variety of challenges. Investment and exports in the troika of economic growth meet bottlenecks, and the new power of economic growth lies in consumption. Stimulating domestic demand and expanding consumption has become an important task for current development. The basis of consumption is laborer, and the source of income is labor reward, so the change of labor compensation share in income distribution becomes the focus of study. The 18th National Congress of the Party and the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee explicitly proposed to improve the people's livelihood, promote social equity and justice, deepen social reform and reform of the income distribution system, and strive to synchronize the growth of residents' incomes with economic development. Increase the proportion of resident income in the distribution of national income, increase the proportion of labor reward in the initial distribution. The appeal of raising the "two proportion" was once again included in the social development guidelines. On the basis of input-output table and from the angle of industry, the innovation of this paper is to explore the evolution course of income distribution pattern of various industries and the relationship between it and the overall income distribution pattern. The results show that the share of labor compensation is the highest in science, education, culture and health, and the lowest in financial industry. From the point of view of the degree of fluctuation, circulation fluctuates the most. The financial sector is the least volatile. In heavy industry, circulation industry with the highest gross domestic product, the change trend of internal labor reward is caused by the overall changing trend, and the internal distribution of added value has a significant correlation with the distribution of total added value. Light industry, financial assets industry and emerging industries labor compensation is relatively low. Public service industry and science, education, culture and health industry are the highest in the eight categories, at more than 60%. Some problems are also found in this paper. Of the eight major industries, the proportion of labor compensation is lower than that of the national economy by 5, and the heavy industry, circulation industry, light industry and financial assets industry, which account for a large proportion of the added value, are substantially below the average level. The overall proportion of labor remuneration is not high, the situation is not optimistic. In view of the different situation and changing trend of the proportion of labor reward in the income distribution of various industries, this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions. We will continue to expand and strengthen the national economy. We should carry out structural tax reduction, appropriately reduce the tax burden on the government and enterprises, give play to the role of tax revenue regulation, encourage the development of small and micro enterprises, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration to the total added value. Heavy industry and circulation should focus on internal distribution reform. Improve labor, capital, technology, management and other elements according to contributions to participate in the distribution of the initial distribution mechanism, improve the minimum wage and wage payment security system, and improve the collective bargaining system of enterprise wages. Timely and appropriate increase of support to the construction industry, to increase the proportion of the value added in the gross domestic product. Support the public service industry and science, education, culture and health industry, and increase the proportion of added value. Integrating scientific and technological planning and resources, deepening the comprehensive reform of education, and perfecting the government's support mechanism for basic, strategic and front-line scientific research and common technology research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：財政部財政科學(xué)研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F249.24
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