【摘要】：當(dāng)前,我國(guó)以出口為導(dǎo)向的外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展模式遇到了各種各樣的挑戰(zhàn)。拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的“三駕馬車”中的投資和出口遭遇瓶頸,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的新動(dòng)力落腳在了消費(fèi)上。拉動(dòng)內(nèi)需、擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)成為當(dāng)前發(fā)展的重要任務(wù)。消費(fèi)的基礎(chǔ)是勞動(dòng)者,收入來源是勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬,因此收入分配中勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬份額的變化成為研究的重點(diǎn)。黨的十八大會(huì)議和十八屆三中全會(huì),明確提出改善民生,促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義,深化社會(huì)改革和收入分配制度改革,努力實(shí)現(xiàn)居民收入增長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展同步,提高居民收入在國(guó)民收入分配中的比重,提高勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬在初次分配中的比重。提高“兩個(gè)比重”的訴求再次被寫進(jìn)社會(huì)發(fā)展指導(dǎo)綱要中。本文創(chuàng)新性之處在于以投入產(chǎn)出表為基礎(chǔ),從產(chǎn)業(yè)角度出發(fā),探尋各產(chǎn)業(yè)收入分配格局的演變歷程及其與整體收入分配格局之間的關(guān)系。本文研究結(jié)果顯示,從份額上看,科教文衛(wèi)業(yè)的勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬份額最高,最高達(dá)到85%,金融業(yè)勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬份額最低。從波動(dòng)程度上看,流通業(yè)波動(dòng)幅度最大。金融業(yè)波動(dòng)幅度最小。增加值占國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值最高的重工業(yè)、流通業(yè),其內(nèi)部勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬占比的變化趨勢(shì)同整體變化趨勢(shì)—致,且其增加值的內(nèi)部分配情況與整體增加值分配情況有顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系。輕工業(yè)、金融資產(chǎn)業(yè)及新興產(chǎn)業(yè)勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬占比較低。公共服務(wù)業(yè)和科教文衛(wèi)業(yè)是八大類別中最高的,在60%以上。本文研究中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些問題。八大產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值中勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬占比低于國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬占比的達(dá)到5個(gè),且增加值占比較大的重工業(yè)、流通業(yè)、輕工業(yè)、金融資產(chǎn)業(yè)大幅度低于平均水平。勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬整體占比不高,形勢(shì)不容樂觀。針對(duì)各產(chǎn)業(yè)收入分配中勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬占比的不同狀況和變化趨勢(shì),本文提出相對(duì)應(yīng)的政策建議。繼續(xù)做大做強(qiáng)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)。推行結(jié)構(gòu)性減稅,適當(dāng)降低政府、企業(yè)稅收負(fù)擔(dān),發(fā)揮稅收的收入調(diào)節(jié)作用,鼓勵(lì)小微企業(yè)發(fā)展,增加勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬占總增加值的比重。重工業(yè)和流通業(yè),要著重進(jìn)行內(nèi)部分配改革。完善勞動(dòng)、資本、技術(shù)、管理等要素按貢獻(xiàn)參與分配的初次分配機(jī)制,完善最低工資和工資支付保障制度,完善企業(yè)工資集體協(xié)商制度。適時(shí)適度加大對(duì)建筑業(yè)的扶持力度,提高建筑業(yè)增加值在國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的占比。扶持公共服務(wù)業(yè)和科教文衛(wèi)業(yè),提高增加值占比。整合科技規(guī)劃和資源,深化教育綜合改革,完善政府對(duì)基礎(chǔ)性、戰(zhàn)略性、前沿性科學(xué)研究和共性技術(shù)研究的支持機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:At present, China's export-oriented economic development model has encountered a variety of challenges. Investment and exports in the troika of economic growth meet bottlenecks, and the new power of economic growth lies in consumption. Stimulating domestic demand and expanding consumption has become an important task for current development. The basis of consumption is laborer, and the source of income is labor reward, so the change of labor compensation share in income distribution becomes the focus of study. The 18th National Congress of the Party and the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee explicitly proposed to improve the people's livelihood, promote social equity and justice, deepen social reform and reform of the income distribution system, and strive to synchronize the growth of residents' incomes with economic development. Increase the proportion of resident income in the distribution of national income, increase the proportion of labor reward in the initial distribution. The appeal of raising the "two proportion" was once again included in the social development guidelines. On the basis of input-output table and from the angle of industry, the innovation of this paper is to explore the evolution course of income distribution pattern of various industries and the relationship between it and the overall income distribution pattern. The results show that the share of labor compensation is the highest in science, education, culture and health, and the lowest in financial industry. From the point of view of the degree of fluctuation, circulation fluctuates the most. The financial sector is the least volatile. In heavy industry, circulation industry with the highest gross domestic product, the change trend of internal labor reward is caused by the overall changing trend, and the internal distribution of added value has a significant correlation with the distribution of total added value. Light industry, financial assets industry and emerging industries labor compensation is relatively low. Public service industry and science, education, culture and health industry are the highest in the eight categories, at more than 60%. Some problems are also found in this paper. Of the eight major industries, the proportion of labor compensation is lower than that of the national economy by 5, and the heavy industry, circulation industry, light industry and financial assets industry, which account for a large proportion of the added value, are substantially below the average level. The overall proportion of labor remuneration is not high, the situation is not optimistic. In view of the different situation and changing trend of the proportion of labor reward in the income distribution of various industries, this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions. We will continue to expand and strengthen the national economy. We should carry out structural tax reduction, appropriately reduce the tax burden on the government and enterprises, give play to the role of tax revenue regulation, encourage the development of small and micro enterprises, and increase the proportion of labor remuneration to the total added value. Heavy industry and circulation should focus on internal distribution reform. Improve labor, capital, technology, management and other elements according to contributions to participate in the distribution of the initial distribution mechanism, improve the minimum wage and wage payment security system, and improve the collective bargaining system of enterprise wages. Timely and appropriate increase of support to the construction industry, to increase the proportion of the value added in the gross domestic product. Support the public service industry and science, education, culture and health industry, and increase the proportion of added value. Integrating scientific and technological planning and resources, deepening the comprehensive reform of education, and perfecting the government's support mechanism for basic, strategic and front-line scientific research and common technology research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：財(cái)政部財(cái)政科學(xué)研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F249.24

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 黃泰巖;;初次分配制度變動(dòng)的發(fā)展方式解釋[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)動(dòng)態(tài);2009年06期

2 魏眾;;中國(guó)當(dāng)前的收入分配狀況及對(duì)策分析[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)動(dòng)態(tài);2010年08期

3 李稻葵;劉霖林;王紅領(lǐng);;GDP中勞動(dòng)份額演變的U型規(guī)律[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)研究;2009年01期

4 許憲春;中國(guó)資金流量分析[J];金融研究;2002年09期

5 徐忠;張雪春;張穎;;初始財(cái)富格局與居民可支配收入比重下降趨勢(shì)[J];金融研究;2011年01期

6 財(cái)政部財(cái)政科學(xué)研究所課題組;賈康;趙云旗;;影響收入分配關(guān)系的五個(gè)問題與八點(diǎn)建議[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)體制比較;2012年02期

7 白景明;;居民人均收入倍增與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系[J];價(jià)格理論與實(shí)踐;2013年05期

8 劉慧;;提高勞動(dòng)者報(bào)酬比重的財(cái)稅政策[J];經(jīng)濟(jì)研究參考;2010年42期

9 章上峰;許冰;;初次分配中勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬比重測(cè)算方法研究[J];統(tǒng)計(jì)研究;2010年08期

10 常進(jìn)雄;王丹楓;;初次分配中的勞動(dòng)份額:變化趨勢(shì)與要素貢獻(xiàn)[J];統(tǒng)計(jì)研究;2011年05期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 丁梓楠;基于不同產(chǎn)業(yè)勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬差異研究[D];遼寧大學(xué);2009年

，

本文編號(hào)：2321941