本文關(guān)鍵詞：鄂西高山番茄產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展及其品種篩選品種試驗(yàn)研究　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 高山蔬菜 番茄 調(diào)研 品種篩選

【摘要】：高山蔬菜是指在海拔800m-1800m的自然環(huán)境條件下生產(chǎn)的蔬菜,具有適地適季的生產(chǎn)特點(diǎn),相對(duì)于各大平原地區(qū),高山蔬菜具有天然反季節(jié)、綠色無(wú)公害的優(yōu)勢(shì)。大規(guī)模發(fā)展高山蔬菜,既可以緩解城市蔬菜“秋淡伏缺”的現(xiàn)狀,又可以為山區(qū)農(nóng)民帶來(lái)可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。鄂西主要是指湖北省西南部的恩施土家族苗族自治州地區(qū),該州耕地面積28.69萬(wàn)hm2,平均海拔1 000 m,73%以上處于高山地區(qū),其中海拔1200m以上的高山地區(qū)占總面積的29.4%,海拔800m-1200m的二高山地區(qū)占總面積的43.6%,具有得天獨(dú)厚的地理氣候優(yōu)勢(shì)。近年來(lái),當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民在政府的積極引導(dǎo)下大力發(fā)展高山蔬菜種植,截止2013年,該地區(qū)高山蔬菜總面積達(dá)到5.8萬(wàn)hm2,番茄是該地栽培的主要蔬菜之一。高山番茄面積穩(wěn)步增長(zhǎng),由2011年的3333.3hm2上升到2014年的4666.7hm2,但由于多種因素的制約,農(nóng)民純收入增加進(jìn)入瓶頸時(shí)期。為了探究高山番茄生產(chǎn)、銷售存在的問題,課題深入主要鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)對(duì)高山番茄生產(chǎn)情況進(jìn)行調(diào)研,以期為該地區(qū)高山番茄的持續(xù)健康發(fā)展提出可行性建議。同時(shí),在不同海拔地區(qū)進(jìn)行番茄品種的篩選比較試驗(yàn),以期篩選出適合不同海拔地區(qū)種植的高山番茄品種。本研究的主要結(jié)果摘要如下:1恩施州高山番茄產(chǎn)區(qū)主要分布在海拔800m-1400m地區(qū),不同番茄產(chǎn)區(qū)對(duì)品種商品性狀的要求會(huì)有所差別,但是高產(chǎn)、抗病、硬度高是高山番茄品種的共性要求。經(jīng)過(guò)綜合比較,海拔1400m左右地區(qū)番茄生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益更高,最高時(shí)產(chǎn)投比達(dá)到1.95,主要是因?yàn)楹０?400m左右地區(qū)病害沒有海拔800m左右地區(qū)嚴(yán)重。雖然番茄畝產(chǎn)投入成本較其他蔬菜高出很多,但由于番茄的畝產(chǎn)、價(jià)格均較高,因此農(nóng)民種植意愿較大,可繼續(xù)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展種植面積,但應(yīng)注意科學(xué)栽培,避免連作。2恩施州高山番茄生產(chǎn)面臨的主要問題有:商品性狀好、抗病性強(qiáng)特別是抗晚疫病的品種較少,農(nóng)民在品種選擇時(shí)空間小,種子成本較高;早、晚疫病嚴(yán)重,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)藥大量施用,且存在不科學(xué)施藥的情況,食品安全隱患較大;番茄生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)力成本太高,嚴(yán)重影響農(nóng)民純收入;番茄市場(chǎng)價(jià)格波動(dòng)太大,種植風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大。3恩施州年均降雨量達(dá)1600mm-2000mm,空氣濕度大,應(yīng)大力推廣避雨栽培,降低空氣濕度,減少疫病發(fā)生率,穩(wěn)定番茄生產(chǎn)市場(chǎng),避免極端天氣帶來(lái)的毀滅性災(zāi)害。針對(duì)高山番茄品種選擇空間小的問題,本課題在3個(gè)不同海拔高度地區(qū)進(jìn)行了品種篩選試驗(yàn)。在海拔800m地區(qū)的試驗(yàn)中,從28個(gè)番茄組合中沒有篩選出比當(dāng)?shù)刂髟云贩N綜合表現(xiàn)更優(yōu)異的組合;在海拔1450m地區(qū)對(duì)新增的9個(gè)品種進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn),其中有兩個(gè)品種表現(xiàn)出一定優(yōu)勢(shì),但有待進(jìn)一步試驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:Mountain vegetables refers to the production at an altitude of 800m-1800m under the environment of the production characteristics of vegetables, with suitable season, compared to the Great Plains, mountain vegetables with natural season, green and pollution-free advantages. The large-scale development of mountain vegetables, not only can ease the situation of city vegetable "autumn light volt missing", it can bring considerable economic benefits for farmers in mountainous areas of Western Hubei. Mainly refers to the southwest of Hubei Province, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, the state land area of 286 thousand and 900 Hm2, with an average altitude of 1000 m, 73% more than in mountain areas, the mountains above 1200m accounted for 29.4% of the total area, the elevation of 800m-1200m two the mountain area, accounting for 43.6% of the total area, with geographical and climatic advantages richly endowed by nature. In recent years, local farmers in the positive guidance of the government to vigorously develop the high mountain vegetable planting, as of 2013, the area of high Mountain vegetables reached a total area of 58 thousand Hm2, tomato is one of the main vegetables cultivation. The alpine tomato area steadily increased from 3333.3hm2 in 2011 to 4666.7hm2 in 2014, but because of various factors, the net income of farmers increased into the bottleneck period. In order to explore the high mountain tomato production, sales of existing problems, the main topic in depth the investigation of Alpine tomato production, in order to put forward feasible suggestions for alpine tomato in the region sustainable development. At the same time, comparison test screening of Tomato Varieties in different altitude regions, in order to find out suitable for the cultivation of the alpine tomato varieties in different altitude regions. The main results of this study are as follows: 1 the state of Enshi mountain tomato growing areas are mainly distributed in the altitude region of 800m-1400m, different requirements for the varieties of tomato growing areas commodity properties will be different, but the high yield, disease resistance, hardness The high mountain is requirements of Tomato Varieties in common. After a comprehensive comparison, elevation of about 1400m area tomato production economic benefit is high, the highest ratio reached 1.95, mainly because the area around 1400m above sea level elevation of about 800m disease was not serious. Although the tomato yield area cost is much higher than other vegetables, but because of tomato mu, the price is higher, so the farmers planting willingness is larger, can continue to stable development of planting area, but should pay attention to scientific cultivation, to avoid major problems of continuous cropping.2 Enshi Alpine tomato production are: goods of good shape, strong resistance to disease, especially late blight resistant varieties less space in the selection of small farmers. The high cost of seed; early, late blight caused a lot of serious pesticide application, and there is no scientific control, big food safety risks; tomato production labor cost is too high, serious influence The net income of the farmers; tomato market price fluctuation is too large, large planting risk.3 of Enshi, with an average annual rainfall of up to 1600mm-2000mm, the air humidity is big, should vigorously promote the cultivation, reduce air humidity, reduce the incidence of disease, stable tomato production market, to avoid extreme weather devastating disasters. For alpine tomato varieties with small space selection the problem of screening test in the 3 varieties were highly in different altitude. At an altitude of 800m in the test area, from the 28 tomato combination no screening combination than local varieties with more excellent comprehensive performance; at an altitude of 1450m area were tested on 9 new varieties, including two varieties shows a certain advantage, but needs further testing.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S641.2

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