【摘要】：我國的基本養(yǎng)老保險制度在建立之初由于歷史的因素和制度自身的不完善,在新制度的推廣和運行中產(chǎn)生了一系列的風(fēng)險。按照風(fēng)險的成因進行歸類,可以分為內(nèi)生風(fēng)險、外生風(fēng)險和衍生風(fēng)險。內(nèi)生風(fēng)險包括：養(yǎng)老保險關(guān)系不平等引發(fā)社會動蕩風(fēng)險、養(yǎng)老保險關(guān)系不平等引發(fā)社會動蕩風(fēng)險、養(yǎng)老保險關(guān)系存續(xù)不持續(xù)帶來管理主體碎片化風(fēng)險、養(yǎng)老保險關(guān)系雙方的心理風(fēng)險。外生風(fēng)險包括：人口老齡化與快速城鎮(zhèn)化的并行風(fēng)險、高失業(yè)率風(fēng)險、自然災(zāi)害引發(fā)的不確定性風(fēng)險。衍生風(fēng)險包括：養(yǎng)老基金運行與管理引發(fā)的金融市場風(fēng)險、養(yǎng)老保險關(guān)系單方非理性流動導(dǎo)致社會治理難度增加、養(yǎng)老保險關(guān)系非良性持續(xù)導(dǎo)致儲蓄與消費的失衡風(fēng)險、養(yǎng)老保險關(guān)系的非公平導(dǎo)致社會群體孤立與社會冷漠、養(yǎng)老保險關(guān)系代際公平引發(fā)的回避風(fēng)險。 在養(yǎng)老保險關(guān)系的風(fēng)險規(guī)避問題上,國內(nèi)外有些可以共同借鑒的方式和做法。因此,文章在介紹國外養(yǎng)老保障制度在養(yǎng)老保險關(guān)系的風(fēng)險規(guī)避的成功經(jīng)驗和做法的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合第二章對風(fēng)險的歸類與分組,提出具有針對性的風(fēng)險規(guī)避策略。在內(nèi)生風(fēng)險規(guī)避上從建立公平平等的基本養(yǎng)老保險關(guān)系、建立完善的利益激勵和約束機制、建立完善的信息管理和披露系統(tǒng)、“離土不離鄉(xiāng)”分段累計式養(yǎng)老金計發(fā)方法、對養(yǎng)老金冒領(lǐng)的監(jiān)管與規(guī)避等方面做了詳細規(guī)避。在外生風(fēng)險以及衍生風(fēng)險的規(guī)避上從有條件有步驟的實施寬松的人口政策、實施對基金投資管理機構(gòu)的尋租監(jiān)管、積極的就業(yè)政策吸引與配套的養(yǎng)老制度契合、降低養(yǎng)老與醫(yī)療及失業(yè)等險種的關(guān)聯(lián)度與連帶程度、建立誠信文明的社會環(huán)境上做了詳細的說明。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the establishment of the basic endowment insurance system in China, due to the historical factors and the imperfection of the system itself, there are a series of risks in the promotion and operation of the new system. According to the causes of risk, it can be divided into endogenous risk, exogenous risk and derivative risk. Endogenous risks include: the inequality of the old-age insurance relationship causes the risk of social turbulence, and the unsustainable survival of the pension insurance relationship brings the risk of fragmentation of the management subject. Old-age insurance relates to the psychological risk of both sides. The exogenous risks include the concurrent risk of population aging and rapid urbanization, the high unemployment risk, and the uncertainty risk caused by natural disasters. The derivative risks include: the financial market risk caused by the operation and management of pension fund; the irrational flow of pension insurance relationship leads to the increase of social governance difficulty; the non-benign endowment insurance relationship leads to the unbalance risk of saving and consumption, which leads to the unbalance risk of saving and consumption. The unfair relationship of old-age insurance leads to social isolation and social apathy, and the evasive risk caused by inter-generational equity of endowment insurance relationship. There are some ways and practices that can be used for reference at home and abroad on the problem of risk aversion in the relationship of old-age insurance. Therefore, on the basis of introducing the successful experiences and practices of risk aversion in the relationship between the old-age insurance and the old-age insurance system abroad, and combining with the classification and grouping of the risks in the second chapter, this paper puts forward some targeted risk-aversion strategies. In the aspect of endogenous risk avoidance, we should establish fair and equal basic endowment insurance relationship, establish perfect interest incentive and restraint mechanism, establish perfect information management and disclosure system, and "do not leave the country without leaving the country". The supervision and circumvention of pension fraud have been circumvented in detail. In terms of circumvention of exogenous risk and derivative risk, we should implement loose population policy in a conditional and step-by-step manner, carry out rent-seeking supervision on fund investment management institutions, and attract positive employment policies to match with supporting pension system. It is explained in detail how to reduce the correlation and association between old-age and medical care and unemployment, and to establish a good faith and civilized social environment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F842.67

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