【摘要】：我國(guó)處于歐亞地震帶和環(huán)太平洋地震帶之間,地震活動(dòng)主要分布在五個(gè)地區(qū)的23條地震帶上,是一個(gè)多地震的國(guó)家,而且從2007年至今我國(guó)平均每年發(fā)生5.0級(jí)以上地震近27次,平均每年地震造成約合13萬(wàn)間房屋遭到破壞,平均每年因地震災(zāi)害造成直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失近90億人民幣,2008年的汶川地震更是導(dǎo)致8451億元的直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。對(duì)于地震災(zāi)害造成巨額損失,我國(guó)所采取的補(bǔ)償措施主要是政府財(cái)政救濟(jì)和社會(huì)捐助,補(bǔ)償方式單一低效,而且補(bǔ)償?shù)某潭扔邢?保險(xiǎn)機(jī)制在整個(gè)災(zāi)害損失中的補(bǔ)償作用非常有限,汶川地震保險(xiǎn)公司的損失補(bǔ)償不足整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)損失的3%,而且其中補(bǔ)償?shù)慕^大部分都是企業(yè)的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失,民房和城鎮(zhèn)居民住房的2300多億元的損失幾乎沒(méi)有得到補(bǔ)償。家庭作為社會(huì)最基本組成結(jié)構(gòu),其地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的承受程度非常低,而政府的補(bǔ)貼往往只能滿足基本的生活需要,地震保險(xiǎn)在家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)上缺失,使得居民的家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)沒(méi)有了保障。因此,建立一套科學(xué)的家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)制度變得尤為重要。 本文基于地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)實(shí)際危害性,通過(guò)理論的分析,認(rèn)為政府主導(dǎo)下的,以保險(xiǎn)公司為主體的多層次地震保險(xiǎn)機(jī)制是公平與效率兼具的應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)制。本文選取的視角是地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)損失,通過(guò)歷史數(shù)據(jù)證明地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)對(duì)家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)的嚴(yán)重危害性,而我國(guó)缺乏有效的家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)制,主要的問(wèn)題在于：家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)制度的空缺、技術(shù)水平的限制以及法律法規(guī)的欠缺。本文通過(guò)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)制度借鑒,試圖探索符合我國(guó)國(guó)情的家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)制度。 第0章主要是文獻(xiàn)綜述。對(duì)于地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的可保性理論、可負(fù)擔(dān)性理論、可分散性理論以及地震保險(xiǎn)制度的理論進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)梳理,并簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)價(jià)。同時(shí),將本文的研究背景和意義、研究?jī)?nèi)容和方法進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要介紹。 第1章“家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及其分散機(jī)制”。本章首先提出本文研究主體——地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和家庭財(cái)產(chǎn),闡述地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)定義及其特征,對(duì)家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)進(jìn)行界定,并對(duì)其主要構(gòu)成做了分析,然后根據(jù)國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)歷年地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的損失數(shù)據(jù),分析地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)對(duì)家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)的破壞性；最后介紹家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)制——風(fēng)險(xiǎn)自留、政府救濟(jì)、社會(huì)捐贈(zèng)以及保險(xiǎn)機(jī)制,對(duì)四種方式的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析,通過(guò)比較得出政府與市場(chǎng)相結(jié)合的家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)機(jī)制是比較高效地應(yīng)對(duì)方式。 第2章“構(gòu)建家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)機(jī)制的理論基礎(chǔ)”。本章從家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的可保性、可負(fù)擔(dān)性以及可分散性三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行理論分析,并得出結(jié)論：融入政府的力量,適當(dāng)拓寬可保險(xiǎn)的外延,財(cái)產(chǎn)地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)具有可保性；綜合考慮政府、居民以及保險(xiǎn)公司三方面的因素得出家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)具有可負(fù)擔(dān)性；借助再保險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng)、資本市場(chǎng)以及金融衍生品,家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)具有可分散性。 第3章“構(gòu)建家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)機(jī)制的國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。本章首先詳細(xì)描述了新西蘭、美國(guó)、日本和臺(tái)灣的家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)制度的制度背景、運(yùn)行機(jī)制、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分散層次以及具體產(chǎn)品特征,并對(duì)其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)做簡(jiǎn)要評(píng)述。然后通過(guò)對(duì)四個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)地震保險(xiǎn)機(jī)制和產(chǎn)品特征的比較分析,總結(jié)國(guó)際家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)制度的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 第4章“構(gòu)建中國(guó)家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震機(jī)制的發(fā)展思路”。本章首先分析我國(guó)建立家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)制度的必要性和可行性,然后借鑒第4章的國(guó)際經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出構(gòu)建我國(guó)家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)制度的思路,從政府、保險(xiǎn)公司和居民三方面應(yīng)具備的職能入手,建立以政府為主導(dǎo)多方參與的家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)制度,以半強(qiáng)制附加險(xiǎn)的形式逐漸發(fā)展為自愿主險(xiǎn)的形式。同時(shí),闡述了我國(guó)目前建立家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)制度的所存在問(wèn)題,并提出相關(guān)解決策略。 本文貢獻(xiàn)主要有以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)利用豐富的歷史數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)造成的家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)損失進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析：(2)從可保性、可負(fù)擔(dān)性和可分散性三個(gè)維度對(duì)地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行全面的理論分析；(3)選取國(guó)際上典型國(guó)家和地區(qū)最新的家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)制度實(shí)施方案,從地震保險(xiǎn)機(jī)制和產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)特征兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行全面地比較分析,為我國(guó)構(gòu)建家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)制度提供借鑒經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(4)就中國(guó)家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行分析,并提出發(fā)展策略。本文的不足在于筆者的知識(shí)面有限,只是提出構(gòu)建家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)的大致思路,未能提出詳細(xì)的家庭財(cái)產(chǎn)地震保險(xiǎn)的實(shí)施方案,如差別費(fèi)率的設(shè)置方式,保險(xiǎn)證券化的構(gòu)建模型等等。
[Abstract]:China is located between the Eurasian and Pacific seismic belts. Seismic activity is mainly distributed in 23 seismic belts in five regions. It is a country with many earthquakes. From 2007 to the present, China has experienced an average of nearly 27 earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 or more each year, with an average of 130,000 houses damaged each year, and an average of annual earthquakes. The direct economic loss caused by the disaster is nearly 9 billion RMB, and the direct economic loss caused by the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 is 845.1 billion RMB. For the huge losses caused by the earthquake, the compensation measures adopted in our country are mainly the government financial relief and social donation. The compensation method is single and inefficient, and the degree of compensation is limited. The insurance mechanism is in the whole. The compensation effect of disaster loss is very limited. The loss compensation of Wenchuan Earthquake Insurance Company is less than 3% of the whole economic loss, and the vast majority of the compensation is the property loss of enterprises. The loss of more than 230 billion yuan of residential housing and urban dwellers'housing is hardly compensated. The degree of risk bearing is very low, and government subsidies can only meet the basic needs of life. The lack of earthquake insurance in family property makes the household property not guaranteed.
Based on the actual harmfulness of earthquake risk and through theoretical analysis, this paper holds that the government-led multi-level earthquake insurance mechanism with insurance companies as the main body is a fair and efficient response mechanism. The main problems are the vacancy of family property earthquake insurance system, the limitation of technical level and the lack of laws and regulations. The insurance system.
Chapter 0 is mainly a literature review. The theories of earthquake risk insurability, affordability, decentralization and earthquake insurance system are systematically reviewed and briefly evaluated.
Chapter 1 "Earthquake Risk of Family Property and Its Decentralization Mechanism". This chapter first puts forward the main body of this study-earthquake risk and family property, expounds the definition and characteristics of earthquake risk, defines family property, and analyzes its main components. Then, according to the loss data of earthquake risk in the past years at home and abroad, the earthquake wind is analyzed. Finally, the paper introduces the earthquake risk coping mechanism of family property - risk retention, government relief, social donation and insurance mechanism, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the four ways, and concludes that the earthquake insurance mechanism of family property combined with the government and the market is a more efficient way to cope with the earthquake risk.
Chapter 2 "Theoretical Basis of Establishing Earthquake Insurance Mechanism for Family Property". This chapter makes theoretical analysis on the insurability, affordability and decentralization of earthquake risk of family property, and draws a conclusion that the property earthquake risk is insurable by integrating the strength of the government and expanding the extensions of the insurable properly. Residents and insurance companies conclude that family property earthquake insurance is affordable; with the help of reinsurance market, capital market and financial derivatives, family property earthquake risk is dispersible.
Chapter 3 "International Experiences in Building Family Property Earthquake Insurance Mechanisms". This chapter first describes in detail the institutional background, operational mechanism, risk diversification levels and specific product characteristics of family property earthquake insurance systems in New Zealand, the United States, Japan and Taiwan, and then makes a brief comment on their advantages and disadvantages. The comparative analysis of earthquake insurance mechanism and product characteristics summarizes the experience of international family property earthquake insurance system.
Chapter 4 "Developing Thoughts on the Establishment of Earthquake Mechanism for Family Property in China". This chapter first analyzes the necessity and feasibility of establishing earthquake insurance system for family property in China, and then draws lessons from the international experience of Chapter 4, puts forward the idea of constructing earthquake insurance system for family property in China, and puts forward the duties that the government, insurance companies and residents should have. We can start with the establishment of a government-led multi-party family property earthquake insurance system, in the form of semi-mandatory additional insurance gradually developed into a form of voluntary main insurance.
The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) Using abundant historical data to make a detailed analysis of the loss of family property caused by earthquake risk: (2) A comprehensive theoretical analysis of earthquake risk from the three dimensions of insurability, affordability and decentralization; (3) Selecting the latest family property earthquake insurance in typical countries and regions in the world. The implementation scheme of the insurance system is comprehensively compared and analyzed from the aspects of earthquake insurance mechanism and product design characteristics, which can provide reference for the construction of the family property earthquake insurance system in China. (4) The paper analyzes the family property earthquake insurance in China and puts forward the development strategy. The general idea of building family property earthquake insurance can not put forward detailed implementation plans of family property earthquake insurance, such as the setting of differential rates, the construction model of insurance securitization, etc.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F842.65

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