本文選題：養(yǎng)老保險 + 養(yǎng)老金雙軌制��； 參考：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：摘要：隨著每年遞增的本科畢業(yè)者,“知識型”人才的大量累積,有限的崗位數(shù)量等因素,已經(jīng)對我國“知識型”勞動力的就業(yè)產(chǎn)生了嚴重的制約,人才供過于求的就業(yè)市場,已經(jīng)成為社會各界所關(guān)注的熱點和焦點。與此同時,我國從2020年開始一直到2030年,將連續(xù)迎來兩次人口老齡化高峰期的沖擊,而養(yǎng)老金的虧空,以及飽受社會各界詬病的養(yǎng)老保險制度,成為我國面臨人口老齡化高峰期的巨大隱患。然而無論是就業(yè)形勢還是養(yǎng)老狀況,在我國現(xiàn)階段都沒有得到很好的解決。很多學(xué)者更是將兩者分開進行獨立的研究,試圖找出各自的解決辦法和方式。但是,時至今日我國就業(yè)和養(yǎng)老所面臨的形勢依舊嚴峻。研究正是以養(yǎng)老和就業(yè)兩大熱點問題為背景,提出了養(yǎng)老保險對“知識型”勞動力就業(yè)的影響,這一問題。并將這一問題細化為兩個部分,分別從養(yǎng)老保險觀念對初次就業(yè)“知識型”勞動力就業(yè)的影響,以及養(yǎng)老保險狀況對在職“知識型”勞動力就業(yè)的影響,這兩部分用數(shù)據(jù)證明了養(yǎng)老保險對“知識型”勞動力就業(yè)存在的影響。 論文所采用的調(diào)查方法為問卷調(diào)查法。其中包括兩部分調(diào)查對象,一部分以2013年應(yīng)屆專、本科大學(xué)畢業(yè)生,以全國范圍內(nèi)的17所高校作為初次就業(yè)“知識型”勞動力的研究樣本,從初次就業(yè)準備、初次擇業(yè)經(jīng)歷以及初次就業(yè)結(jié)果這三個維度來對上述問題進行分析；另外一部分以2003年高校首次擴招后的第一批畢業(yè)生,至2012年往屆高校畢業(yè)生為調(diào)查對象,以成都、長沙、杭州以及桂林作為在職“知識型”勞動力的研究樣本,從職業(yè)意愿、職業(yè)穩(wěn)定性以及職業(yè)發(fā)展這三個維度來對上述問題進行分析。以“經(jīng)濟人”假設(shè)和社會理性選擇為理論基礎(chǔ),研究中運用了單因素方差分析法、因子分析法、交互分析法等數(shù)據(jù)分析方法,利用SPSS17.0軟件對論文中的調(diào)查結(jié)果進行數(shù)據(jù)分析和描述,得出主要結(jié)論。養(yǎng)老保險觀念強弱對初次就業(yè)“知識型”勞動力的影響部分： 1.養(yǎng)老保險觀念的強弱對初次就業(yè)準備中的就業(yè)壓力具有顯著性差異。即養(yǎng)老保險觀念越強的勞動力,其所承受的就業(yè)壓力越大。就業(yè)壓力主要分為三個維度,家庭經(jīng)濟負擔、親友成就期待以及外在刺激感受,無論是哪個方面,都受到養(yǎng)老保險觀念強弱的顯著影響。 2.養(yǎng)老保險觀念的強弱對初次就業(yè)準備中的求職主動性具有顯著性差異,即養(yǎng)老保險觀念越強的勞動力,其求職就越主動。求職主動性主要分為二個維度,求職積極性及求職外在感受,無論是哪個方面,都受到了養(yǎng)老保險觀念強弱的顯著影響。 3.養(yǎng)老保險觀念的強弱對初次就業(yè)準備中的求職意愿具有顯著性差異,即養(yǎng)老保險觀念越強的勞動力,其求職意愿就越強烈。求職意愿主要分為四個維度,物質(zhì)動機、地域取向、組織環(huán)境、工作發(fā)展。通過數(shù)據(jù)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),四個維度都受到了養(yǎng)老保險觀念強弱的顯著影響。 4.養(yǎng)老保險觀念的強弱對初次就業(yè)結(jié)果中的工作滿意度具有顯著性差異,即養(yǎng)老保險觀念越強的勞動力,其對工作的選擇越高,也更容易獲得滿意感,從而提升滿意度。 二、養(yǎng)老保險狀況對在職“知識型”勞動力的影響部分： 1.養(yǎng)老保險的有無對在職“知識型”勞動力職業(yè)意愿中的職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃具有顯著性差異,即擁有養(yǎng)老保險的勞動力對于職業(yè)生涯的規(guī)劃越重視。職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃主要可以劃分為四個維度,職業(yè)生涯探索、職業(yè)生涯決定、職業(yè)生涯行動以及生涯評估調(diào)整。通過數(shù)據(jù)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),只有職業(yè)生涯行動受到養(yǎng)老保險有無的顯著影響,并直接影響到職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃。 2.養(yǎng)老保險的有無對在職“知識型”勞動力職業(yè)意愿中的職業(yè)期待吻合度具有顯著性差異,即擁有養(yǎng)老保險的勞動力,在選擇工作時更傾向于找到與自己職業(yè)期待吻合度高的工作。 3.養(yǎng)老保險的有無對在職“知識型”勞動力職業(yè)意愿中的職業(yè)價值取向具有顯著性差異,即擁有養(yǎng)老保險的勞動力,對于職業(yè)價值取向越全面。 4.養(yǎng)老保險的有無對在職“知識型”勞動力職業(yè)發(fā)展中的工作滿意度具有顯著性差異,即擁有養(yǎng)老保險的勞動力,在找工作更傾向于選擇讓自己滿意的工作單位和崗位,從而使自己的工作滿意度提高。 5.值得注意的是,在養(yǎng)老保險的有無對在職“知識型”勞動力職業(yè)發(fā)展中,單位性質(zhì)占據(jù)主動,對養(yǎng)老保險的有無具有顯著性差異。這一數(shù)據(jù)的結(jié)果,是對我國現(xiàn)階段就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的直觀體現(xiàn),單位性質(zhì)決定了養(yǎng)老保險,也符合我國目前的就業(yè)和養(yǎng)老的熱點話題“公務(wù)員熱”以及“養(yǎng)老金雙軌制”。 論文基于以上研究結(jié)論,對提高初次“知識型”勞動力就業(yè)、改善在職“知識型”勞動力擇業(yè)提出了如下建議。 1.樹立“知識型”勞動力正確的養(yǎng)老觀念和就業(yè)觀念 2.加大養(yǎng)老觀宣傳力度,繼續(xù)擴大養(yǎng)老保險覆蓋率 3.提高初次就業(yè)“知識型”勞動力就業(yè)效率 4.改善在職“知識型”勞動力的擇業(yè)取向偏差 最后,以實證研究數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),對全文進行總結(jié)。同事,對相關(guān)問題展開討論,并對研究結(jié)論的可信度給予了肯定,對研究中的優(yōu)劣進行了描述。研究中還有一些不足之處,希望通過以后的學(xué)習加以改進。
[Abstract]:Abstract: with the increasing annual degree of undergraduate graduating, the accumulation of "knowledge-based" talents and the limited number of posts have seriously restricted the employment of "knowledge-based" labor in our country. The employment market with oversupply of talent has become a hot spot and focus of attention from all walks of life. At the same time, China is from 2020 From the beginning of the year to 2030, the impact of the two times of population aging will be ushered in a continuous way, and the pension deficit, as well as the old-age insurance system which has been criticized by the community, has become a huge hidden danger in China's aging population. However, both the employment situation and the state of the aged have not been very good at the present stage of our country. Many scholars separate the two and try to find out their respective solutions and ways. However, the situation of employment and pension in China is still severe today. The research is based on the two hot issues of pension and employment, and puts forward the shadow of the old insurance for the "knowledge-based" employment. This problem is divided into two parts, including the influence of the old-age insurance concept on the "knowledge type" employment of the first employment, and the influence of the endowment insurance status on the employment of the "knowledge-based" labor force. These two parts use the data to prove the existence of the old insurance to the "knowledge type" labor force. Ringing.
The survey method used in this paper is the questionnaire survey method, which includes two parts of the survey, some of which are in 2013, undergraduate and 17 colleges and universities nationwide as the research samples of "knowledge type" for the first time employment, from the first employment preparation, the first job selection experience and the first three employment results. The other part is the analysis of the above problems; the other part, with the first batch of graduates after the first expansion of the college enrollment in 2003, as a survey object to the former college graduates in 2012, takes Chengdu, Changsha, Hangzhou and Guilin as the research sample of the "knowledge-based" labor force, from the three aspects of professional will, career stability and career development. On the basis of the hypothesis of "economic man" and the choice of social rationality, the data analysis methods such as single factor analysis of variance, factor analysis and interactive analysis are used in the study, and the results of the investigation in the paper are analyzed and described by SPSS17.0 software, and the main conclusions are drawn. The impact of risk perception on the "knowledge-based" labor force of initial employment:
1. the strength of the concept of endowment insurance has a significant difference in the employment pressure in the initial employment preparation. That is, the stronger the old-age insurance concept is, the greater the employment pressure it bears. The employment pressure is mainly divided into three dimensions, the family economic burden, the expectation of the relatives and friends, and the external stimulation feelings, in which respect, they are all raised. The significant influence of the old insurance concept.
2. the strong or weak concept of pension insurance has significant differences in the initiative of job hunting in the initial employment preparation. That is, the more active the old-age insurance concept is, the more active it is to apply for a job. The initiative of the job is mainly divided into two dimensions, the enthusiasm for job hunting and the external feeling of job hunting, in any respect, the importance of the concept of endowment insurance is significant. Influence.
3. the strong or weak concept of endowment insurance has significant difference to the job hunting intention in the initial employment preparation. That is, the stronger the concept of old-age insurance, the stronger the desire for job hunting. The intention of job hunting is divided into four dimensions, material motivation, regional orientation, organization environment, and work development. Through data analysis, the four dimensions are all raised. The significant influence of the old insurance concept.
4. the strength of the concept of pension insurance has a significant difference in the job satisfaction of the initial employment results. That is, the higher the concept of old-age insurance, the higher the job selection, the more easy to get satisfaction, thus improving the satisfaction.
Two, the impact of endowment insurance on the "knowledge-based" workforce:
1. there are significant differences in career planning for the occupational will of the "knowledge-based" labor force, that is, the more attention is paid to the career planning of the workforce with pension insurance. The career planning can be divided into four dimensions, career exploration, career decision, career action and the career action. Through data analysis, it is found that only career action is significantly affected by endowment insurance and directly affects career planning.
2. there is a significant difference in the professional expectation of occupational expectation in the occupational will of the "knowledge-based" labor force, that is, the labor of the endowment insurance is more inclined to find a job with higher coincidence with the career expectation in the choice of work.
3. there is a significant difference in the vocational value orientation of the occupational will of the "knowledge-based" labor force in the old-age insurance, that is, the labor of the endowment insurance is more comprehensive for the vocational value orientation.
4. there is a significant difference in the job satisfaction of the occupational development of the "knowledge-based" labor force in the old-age insurance. That is, the labor force that has the endowment insurance is more inclined to choose the work units and posts satisfying their own satisfaction, so that their job satisfaction is improved.
5. it is worth noting that, in the career development of the "knowledge-based" employment of the old-age insurance, the property of the unit occupies the initiative and has no significant difference to the pension insurance. The result of this data is an intuitive embodiment of the present employment structure in China, and the unit sex determines the pension insurance, which is also in line with the present state of our country. The hot topic of the industry and the elderly is the "hot civil servant" and the "dual track pension system".
Based on the above conclusions, the paper puts forward the following suggestions for improving the employment of the "knowledge-based" labor force and improving the employment of "knowledge-based" labor force.
1., establish a knowledge-based workforce, the right old-age concept and employment concept.
2., we should strengthen the propaganda of the old-age view and continue to expand the coverage rate of old-age insurance.
3. improve the employment efficiency of the "knowledge" labor force for the first time.
4. improving career orientation bias of the "knowledge-based" workforce.
Finally, on the basis of the empirical research data, we summarize the full text. Colleagues, discuss the related issues, and give a affirmation to the credibility of the research conclusions, and describe the advantages and disadvantages of the research. There are still some shortcomings in the study. We hope to improve the study by the future study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F842.67;F249.2

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