本文選題：黑龍江 + 城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障�。� 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著老齡化浪潮洶涌而來(lái),養(yǎng)老保障問(wèn)題變得日益突出和緊迫,實(shí)現(xiàn)老有所養(yǎng)、保障老年生活的質(zhì)量一直是政府、社會(huì)和個(gè)人追求的一個(gè)理想目標(biāo)。養(yǎng)老保障的水平不僅成為衡量一國(guó)社會(huì)文明進(jìn)步的標(biāo)志,更是保證一國(guó)穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展的根基。國(guó)務(wù)院明確指出,到2020年,全面建成公平、統(tǒng)一、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的城鄉(xiāng)基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度,并與社會(huì)救助、社會(huì)福利等其他社會(huì)保障政策相配套,更好的保障老年人的基本生活。黑龍江省積極貫徹和落實(shí)關(guān)于養(yǎng)老保障的相關(guān)政策,從實(shí)際情況來(lái)看,已經(jīng)初步形成了與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平和人口增長(zhǎng)速度相適應(yīng)的城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障體系。但黑龍江省城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀如何,現(xiàn)有養(yǎng)老保障水平是高還是低,發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是向好還是停滯,距離人人享有養(yǎng)老保障的目標(biāo)要求還有多大差距等,至今沒(méi)有科學(xué)的評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。所以,本文以數(shù)據(jù)量化研究為基礎(chǔ),對(duì)黑龍江省城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障水平進(jìn)行評(píng)估,評(píng)估結(jié)論均依據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)計(jì)算得出,具有較強(qiáng)的科學(xué)性和客觀性,希望能夠?qū)σ院蠛邶埥〕青l(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障水平的評(píng)估研究提供借鑒意義。首先,本文基于對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外養(yǎng)老保障制度研究?jī)?nèi)容和研究成果的文獻(xiàn)資料的搜集、整理及理解,明確了研究的主要內(nèi)容與研究方法。界定了養(yǎng)老保障、城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障和城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障水平的相關(guān)概念,提出了福利經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論、有效需求理論和政府養(yǎng)老責(zé)任理論作為理論支撐。結(jié)合當(dāng)前黑龍江省城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障的實(shí)際情況,以客觀數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),分別對(duì)黑龍江省城鄉(xiāng)基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)、老年人生活保障和養(yǎng)老服務(wù)進(jìn)行了量化分析,得出了相應(yīng)的動(dòng)態(tài)變化情況和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。其次,本文根據(jù)黑龍江省人口結(jié)構(gòu)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平和城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障發(fā)展的實(shí)際情況,選取了“城鄉(xiāng)基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)參保率”、“城鄉(xiāng)基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)覆蓋率”、“城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障覆蓋率”、“城鄉(xiāng)基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)待遇享有率”、“城鄉(xiāng)基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)負(fù)擔(dān)系數(shù)”、“城鄉(xiāng)基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金結(jié)存系數(shù)”、“老年人口撫養(yǎng)比”、“城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)替代率”、“城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)替代率”、“人均可支配收入”和“城鄉(xiāng)千人老年人養(yǎng)老床位數(shù)”12個(gè)關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)構(gòu)成黑龍江省城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障水平評(píng)估體系。以該評(píng)估體系與國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局公布的客觀數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行因子分析,得到評(píng)估城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障水平的四個(gè)核心因素,即:“城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障覆蓋因素”、“城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障負(fù)擔(dān)因素”、“城鄉(xiāng)基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)待遇因素”、“社會(huì)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)因素”。并在這四個(gè)核心因素中計(jì)算出黑龍江省在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)的單項(xiàng)排名和綜合排名,以此來(lái)對(duì)黑龍江省城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障水平進(jìn)行分析評(píng)估。最后,將黑龍江省城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障制度和評(píng)估結(jié)果相結(jié)合,指出了黑龍江省城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障中的諸多問(wèn)題,如:城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障體系不完善、退休制度改革滯后、養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基金不足、城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障缺乏公平性。針對(duì)這些存在的問(wèn)題結(jié)合黑龍江省的省情提出了相應(yīng)的對(duì)策建議,有利于城鄉(xiāng)養(yǎng)老保障制度在黑龍江省的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:With the surge of aging, the problem of old-age security has become increasingly prominent and urgent. It is an ideal goal for the government, the society and the individual to guarantee the quality of old life. The level of the old-age security is not only a sign to measure the progress of a country's social civilization, but also the root of the stability and development of a country. According to the State Council, the State Council clearly points out that by 2020, the basic pension system for urban and rural basic endowment insurance is completed in an all-round way, and it is matched with other social security policies such as social assistance and social welfare to better guarantee the basic life of the elderly. Heilongjiang province actively implements and falls on the relevant policies on the old-age security, from the actual situation. It has initially formed the old-age security system in urban and rural areas adapted to the level of social and economic development and the rate of population growth. But what is the current situation of the development of urban and rural old-age security in Heilongjiang Province, the level of existing old-age security is high or low, the development trend is good or stagnant, and there are still many gaps in the target requirements for the elderly to enjoy the old-age security. So far, there is no scientific evaluation standard. Therefore, based on the quantitative research of data, this paper evaluates the level of urban and rural endowment insurance in Heilongjiang province. The conclusion of the evaluation is based on the evaluation index, and has strong scientificity and objectivity. It is hoped that it can provide reference for the evaluation and research of the level of urban and rural endowment security in Heilongjiang Province in the future. First, based on the collection, sorting and understanding of the literature of the research content and research results of the old-age security system at home and abroad, the main contents and research methods of the research are clarified, and the related concepts of pension security, urban and rural old-age security and the level of urban and rural old-age security are defined, and the theory of welfare economics and the effective demand are put forward. On the basis of the actual situation of the urban and rural old-age security in Heilongjiang Province, based on the objective data, this paper quantifies the urban and rural basic pension insurance, the living security and the service of the elderly in Heilongjiang Province, and obtains the corresponding dynamic change and development trend. Secondly, this paper is based on the present situation. According to the population structure of Heilongjiang, the level of economic development and the actual situation of the development of urban and rural old-age security, the "basic pension insurance coverage rate", "urban and rural basic endowment insurance coverage", "urban and rural old-age insurance coverage", "urban and rural basic pension insurance coverage rate", "urban and rural basic pension insurance burden", "basic pension insurance burden on urban and rural areas" are selected. "Coefficient", "the coefficient of balance between urban and rural basic endowment insurance fund", "old age dependency ratio", "basic endowment insurance substitution rate of urban workers", "basic endowment insurance substitution rate" of urban and rural residents, "per capita disposable income" and "the number of aged beds in urban and rural elderly" constitute the urban and rural endowment in Heilongjiang Province On the basis of factor analysis based on the evaluation system and the objective data published by the National Bureau of statistics, four core factors for assessing the level of urban and rural old-age security are obtained, namely, "urban and rural old-age security coverage factors", "urban and rural old-age security burden factors", "urban and rural basic pension insurance treatment factors", "society" In the four core factors, we calculated the single ranking and comprehensive ranking of Heilongjiang Province in the whole country, in order to analyze and evaluate the level of urban and rural old-age security in Heilongjiang province. Finally, the urban and rural old-age security system in Heilongjiang province was combined with the evaluation results, and the urban and rural old-age security in Heilongjiang province was pointed out. Many problems, such as imperfect old-age security system in urban and rural areas, lagging behind the retirement system, insufficient pension funds and lack of equity in urban and rural old-age security. In view of the problems existing in Heilongjiang Province, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, which is beneficial to the sustainable development of urban and rural old-age security system in Heilongjiang province.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D669.6;F842.67

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