本文選題：近海環(huán)境污染責(zé)任險(xiǎn) + 必要性　； 參考：《廣西大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著我國(guó)石油化工產(chǎn)業(yè)、遠(yuǎn)洋運(yùn)輸業(yè)和海洋漁業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,在增強(qiáng)國(guó)家綜合實(shí)力,提高人民生活水平的同時(shí),也造成了比較嚴(yán)重的海洋環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題。由于長(zhǎng)期不當(dāng)排放,包括無(wú)機(jī)氮化合物、活性磷酸鹽及石油在內(nèi)的我國(guó)近海水域多種污染物均不同程度超標(biāo),不但造成了巨額的經(jīng)濟(jì)財(cái)產(chǎn)損失,更嚴(yán)重威脅著我國(guó)沿海地區(qū)的生態(tài)平衡。目前,海洋環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為制約我國(guó)沿海地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的主要因素之一,引發(fā)了人們?cè)絹?lái)越多的關(guān)注。本文首先通過(guò)對(duì)環(huán)境責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)的發(fā)展歷史、基本定義、特點(diǎn)及適用性的研究,進(jìn)一步引出近海環(huán)境污染責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)的相關(guān)概念。介紹污染評(píng)估與定損的常用方法和非壽險(xiǎn)精算模型,引述了新時(shí)代我國(guó)科學(xué)發(fā)展的理念。其次,本文通過(guò)對(duì)我國(guó)近海地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況及污染現(xiàn)狀的描述,說(shuō)明我國(guó)近海生態(tài)圈的脆弱性及近海環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。進(jìn)而從行業(yè)、社會(huì)和保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展的角度論證我國(guó)建立近海環(huán)境責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)的必要性,同時(shí)通過(guò)責(zé)任判定、污染定損和費(fèi)率厘定三方面驗(yàn)證近海環(huán)境責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)的可行性。再次,本文分析和對(duì)比了歐美日等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在環(huán)境責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域的具體做法和相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),解釋和說(shuō)明強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)和任意保險(xiǎn)在適用性方面的差異,結(jié)合我國(guó)當(dāng)前的實(shí)際情況,針對(duì)性提出強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)與任意保險(xiǎn)相結(jié)合的新型保險(xiǎn)方式。最后綜合前文所述,提出近海環(huán)境責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)投保人層級(jí)的劃分方法,解釋不同區(qū)域差異費(fèi)率的制定依據(jù),詳細(xì)說(shuō)明強(qiáng)制保險(xiǎn)及任意保險(xiǎn)的不同適用范圍,為我國(guó)近海環(huán)境責(zé)任保險(xiǎn)的建立提出可行性建議,并對(duì)該險(xiǎn)種未來(lái)的發(fā)展做出合理的預(yù)測(cè)與展望。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of petrochemical industry, ocean transportation industry and marine fishery in China, the comprehensive strength of the country and the living standard of the people have been enhanced, and at the same time, more serious problems of marine environmental pollution have been caused. As a result of long-term improper discharge, including inorganic nitrogen compounds, active phosphate and petroleum, a variety of pollutants in China's offshore waters have exceeded the standard to varying degrees, which has not only caused a huge loss of economic property, More serious threat to the ecological balance of China's coastal areas. At present, the problem of marine environmental pollution has become one of the main factors restricting the economic and social development of coastal areas in China, which has aroused more and more attention. Firstly, through the study of the development history, basic definition, characteristics and applicability of environmental liability insurance, this paper further leads to the concept of liability insurance for offshore environmental pollution. This paper introduces the common methods of pollution assessment and loss determination and the actuarial model of non-life insurance, and cites the concept of scientific development in China in the new era. Secondly, this paper describes the status of ecological environment and pollution in the coastal areas of China, and explains the fragility of the offshore ecosphere and the seriousness of the pollution problem in the offshore area. From the angle of industry, society and insurance development, this paper proves the necessity of establishing offshore environmental liability insurance in China, and verifies the feasibility of offshore environmental liability insurance through liability determination, pollution damage determination and rate determination. Thirdly, this paper analyzes and compares the specific practices and relevant experiences of developed countries such as Europe, America and Japan in the field of environmental liability insurance, explains and explains the differences in the applicability of compulsory insurance and arbitrary insurance, and combines the current situation of our country. This paper puts forward a new type of insurance that combines compulsory insurance with arbitrary insurance. Finally, by synthesizing the above mentioned, the paper puts forward the classification method of the level of the policy holder of the offshore environmental liability insurance, explains the basis of the different regional difference rates, and explains in detail the different applicable scope of compulsory insurance and arbitrary insurance. This paper puts forward some feasible suggestions for the establishment of offshore environmental liability insurance in China, and makes a reasonable forecast and prospect for the future development of the insurance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F842.69

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