保險市場信息的不對稱及其法律規(guī)制
本文選題:保險市場 + 信息不對稱; 參考:《西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文
【摘要】:作為金融業(yè)的重要組成部分之一,保險業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟中占有舉足輕重的地位。保險經(jīng)營活動中,各市場主體所處的地位、信息交流的愿望、擁有的資源和保險知識等差異,造成各方希望了解或本來能夠了解的信息不能獲得,從而形成了保險市場信息不對稱的現(xiàn)象。 保險市場上的信息不對稱問題使市場上的帕累托最優(yōu)均衡狀態(tài)無法僅僅通過市場機制自然實現(xiàn),從而損失了效率。此外,信息優(yōu)勢方利用自己的信息優(yōu)勢謀取利益,對于信息弱勢方而言,也極不公平。在實踐中,由于信息不對稱而引起的司法糾紛數(shù)不勝數(shù),這無疑極大影響了保險行業(yè)的形象,對于處于初級發(fā)展階段的中國保險業(yè),為害不淺。因此,對保險市場上存在的信息不對稱進行研究,是很有必要的。 雖然信息不對稱屬于經(jīng)濟學(xué)的范疇,但是要解決該問題卻并不局限于經(jīng)濟學(xué)領(lǐng)域。信息不對稱本身會影響市場參與主體的行為方式,而法律(特別是保險法)則會影響他們分享信息的意愿和決定。通過研究保險法的具體規(guī)制是如何減弱、消除信息不對稱對保險市場的影響,對于找出現(xiàn)行法律的不足并加以完善,無疑是有很大裨益的。 本文結(jié)合了經(jīng)濟學(xué)和法學(xué)的視角,旨在研究保險市場上廣泛存在的信息不對稱現(xiàn)象,結(jié)合法條和案例對保險法對此的規(guī)制進行分析,并找出其中存在的問題,提出筆者的建議。本文的研究一方面可以在信息不對稱引起糾紛時,為裁決者提供處理依據(jù)和借鑒;另一方面,也試圖尋找出保險法中尚存的一些問題,從而為完善保險法提出適當(dāng)?shù)慕ㄗh。 全文由導(dǎo)論和五章共六部分組成。 導(dǎo)論。此部分從保險市場信息不對稱法律規(guī)制的研究意義、理論研究采用的工具方法兩個方面對現(xiàn)有的研究成果文獻(xiàn)資料進行歸納總結(jié),并介紹了本文的基本思路以及結(jié)構(gòu)框架。 第一章,保險市場信息不對稱的相關(guān)理論基礎(chǔ)。本章明確了保險市場信息不對稱的基礎(chǔ)理論、界定了保險市場上存在的信息不對稱現(xiàn)象,進而展示了信息不對稱現(xiàn)象引發(fā)的后果,從逆向選擇和道德風(fēng)險兩個方面進行了闡述。 第二章,保險市場信息不對稱的表現(xiàn)和影響。本章分析了保險市場主體之間存在的信息不對稱現(xiàn)象,從保險合同雙方、保險人與保險代理人、保險人與保險監(jiān)管方這三個方面,具體進行分析,并通過分析,展示了信息不對稱現(xiàn)象對保險市場的不利影響。 第三章,保險市場信息不對稱的博弈:基于三個層面的分析。本章主要針對上一章闡述的幾類信息不對稱現(xiàn)象,進行了博弈分析。通過博弈分析,得出部分消除信息不對稱不利影響的手段,如建立信息披露制度等。 第四章,保險市場信息不對稱法律規(guī)制的思路及政策建議。本章著眼于我國保險法對保險市場信息不對稱的法律規(guī)制,分別從保險合同法及保險業(yè)法這兩個方面著手,結(jié)合具體法條,對此進行了分析闡述。通過這些分析,對比國外相關(guān)法律規(guī)制,找出了現(xiàn)行保險法的一些不足,并據(jù)此提出了相關(guān)的政策建議。 第五章,結(jié)語。對本文的基本觀點進行總結(jié)概括。 通過對以往研究文獻(xiàn)疏略整理,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)目前研究的一些不足,比如,在保險市場信息不對稱方面,目前研究多集中于保險合同雙方,對于保險人與保險代理人之間的信息不對稱、保險人與監(jiān)管方之間的信息不對稱,也多是保險學(xué)理論上的定性分析,缺乏基于信息經(jīng)濟學(xué)的博弈分析。相關(guān)法律規(guī)制方面,在我國2009年第二次修訂了保險法之后,修訂或者新增加了一些條款,如關(guān)于格式條款的第十九條、不可抗辯條款、自殺條款等,目前國內(nèi)對于這些條款的研究散佚于各個文獻(xiàn)之內(nèi),并未被系統(tǒng)地納入保險信息不對稱法律規(guī)制的研究體系內(nèi)。此外,保險人與保險代理人之間信息不對稱方面的法律規(guī)制,目前國內(nèi)對此的研究多從表見代理、無權(quán)代理等法學(xué)角度定性分析,而從信息經(jīng)濟學(xué)角度分析的則頗為少見。對保險監(jiān)管方和保險人之間信息不對稱的法律規(guī)制,國內(nèi)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)則多側(cè)重于監(jiān)管模式的比較和選擇,對法律規(guī)制少有具體分析。正是基于以上研究現(xiàn)狀未涉及之處,筆者嘗試在以下幾個方面進行研究及創(chuàng)新:在明確信息不對稱的概念,闡述博弈論與信息不對稱理論、委托-代理關(guān)系理論等基礎(chǔ)理論的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合保險特色,對保險雙方、保險人與保險代理人、保險人與監(jiān)管者之間存在的信息不對稱,從表現(xiàn)和影響兩方面進行分析;從博弈論的角度對上述幾對關(guān)系進行經(jīng)濟分析,證明信息不對稱會造成社會總福利和效率兩方面的損失;對信息不對稱的法律規(guī)制價值進行經(jīng)濟學(xué)和法學(xué)兩方面的定性分析;結(jié)合法條,從保險合同法和保險業(yè)法兩個方面分別分析對信息不對稱的法律規(guī)制;依照前文的分析,結(jié)合中外法律的比較,找出我國現(xiàn)行保險法律規(guī)制存在的問題,并給出改善建議。
[Abstract]:As one of the important parts of the financial industry , the insurance industry plays an important role in the national economy . In the insurance business activities , the position of each market main body , the desire to communicate the information , the resources and the insurance knowledge , etc . , cause the information that the parties want to know or have been able to understand cannot be obtained , thus forming the phenomenon that the information of the insurance market is asymmetric .
The information asymmetry in the insurance market makes the Pareto optimal equilibrium state of the market unable to be realized only through the market mechanism , thus losing the efficiency . In practice , the information advantage party uses its own information advantage to gain the benefit , which undoubtedly affects the image of the insurance industry greatly . In practice , the information asymmetry in China is not shallow . Therefore , it is necessary to study the information asymmetry in the insurance market .
Although the information asymmetry belongs to the field of economics , it is not confined to the field of economics . Information asymmetry itself can affect the behavior of market participants , and laws ( especially insurance laws ) affect the willingness and decision of the market to share information . By studying the specific regulation of insurance law , how to weaken and eliminate the influence of information asymmetry on the insurance market , it is undoubtedly beneficial to find out the inadequacy of existing laws and perfect it .
This paper combines the perspective of economics and law to study the widespread information asymmetry in the insurance market , analyzes the regulation of the insurance law by law and case , and finds out the problems and puts forward the author ' s suggestion .
On the other hand , we try to find out some remaining problems in the insurance law , so as to put forward the appropriate suggestions for perfecting the insurance law .
The full text consists of six parts of the introduction and the five chapters .
On the basis of the research significance of the asymmetric legal regulation of insurance market information , this part summarizes the literature data of the existing research results from two aspects : the research significance of the theory research and the tool method adopted by the theoretical research , and introduces the basic idea and the structural framework of this paper .
Chapter one , the basic theory of information asymmetry in insurance market , defines the basic theory of information asymmetry in the insurance market , defines the information asymmetry in the insurance market , and then shows the consequences of information asymmetry , and expounds the two aspects of adverse selection and moral hazard .
The second chapter analyzes the information asymmetry in the insurance market . This chapter analyzes the information asymmetry between the insurance market subjects , analyzes the three aspects of the insurance contract , the insurer and the insurance agent , the insurer and the insurance regulator , and analyzes the adverse effects of the information asymmetry on the insurance market .
In chapter 3 , the game of information asymmetry in insurance market : Based on the analysis of three levels , this chapter mainly focuses on several kinds of information asymmetry in the last chapter , and makes a game analysis . Through the game analysis , we get some means to eliminate the adverse effect of information asymmetry , such as the establishment of information disclosure system and so on .
Chapter four , the idea and policy suggestion of the asymmetric legal regulation of insurance market information . This chapter focuses on the legal regulation of the information asymmetry in the insurance market by the insurance law of our country . In view of these analyses , the article analyzes the legal regulation of the insurance contract law and the insurance industry law . Through these analyses , the deficiency of the current insurance law is found out , and the relevant policy suggestions are put forward accordingly .
The fifth chapter , the conclusion , summarizes the basic viewpoint of this article .
On the basis of the information asymmetry between the insurer and the insurance agent , the author tries to study and innovate the information asymmetry between the insurer and the insurance agent .
From the point of view of game theory , the economic analysis of the above relations proves that the information asymmetry can result in the loss of social welfare and efficiency .
The qualitative analysis of the economics and the law of the legal regulation value of the information asymmetry ;
The legal regulation of information asymmetry is analyzed from two aspects of insurance contract law and insurance law .
According to the analysis of the former , the author finds out the existing problems in China ' s current insurance law and gives some suggestions for improvement .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:西南財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號】:F842;D922.284
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