本文選題：養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)　切入點(diǎn)：經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型國(guó)家　出處：《上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)是社會(huì)保障的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容,事關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和穩(wěn)定大局。所謂養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)是國(guó)家和社會(huì)根據(jù)一定的法律和法規(guī)，為解決勞動(dòng)者在達(dá)到國(guó)家規(guī)定的解除勞動(dòng)義務(wù)的勞動(dòng)年齡界限，或因年老喪失勞動(dòng)能力退出勞動(dòng)崗位后的基本生活而建立的一種社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)制度。20世紀(jì)80年代末，東歐國(guó)家經(jīng)歷了政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)體制上的劇變，從高度集中的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制轉(zhuǎn)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老金制度在新的社會(huì)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)下顯然已不能適應(yīng)。與此同時(shí)，東歐國(guó)家進(jìn)入了老齡化社會(huì)，據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)（從2010年）20年人口老齡化速度最快的國(guó)家就位于東歐。一方面老年人口越來(lái)越多，另一方面人均壽命不斷延長(zhǎng)，這勢(shì)必將對(duì)其養(yǎng)老金制度造成壓力。為了解決這些問(wèn)題，，東歐國(guó)家必然要對(duì)其養(yǎng)老金制度進(jìn)行改革。中國(guó)也屬于計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的國(guó)家，在沒(méi)有達(dá)到發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平之前，就出現(xiàn)了人口老齡化，特別是2030年后老齡化將會(huì)達(dá)到高峰，再加上我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)明顯，正式的社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度覆蓋面小，養(yǎng)老保障的壓力亦可想而知。因而，研究東歐個(gè)國(guó)家養(yǎng)老金制度改革的動(dòng)因和特點(diǎn)。 本文著重用指標(biāo)分析闡明經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型國(guó)家養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的基本原理、關(guān)健指標(biāo)及主要影響因素,說(shuō)明經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型國(guó)家選擇混合制養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的必要性,提出了對(duì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)現(xiàn)行的一些指標(biāo)值加以改進(jìn)的建議。 本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了對(duì)公共財(cái)政的轉(zhuǎn)型國(guó)家的人口趨勢(shì)及其影響。此外，還介紹了養(yǎng)老金改革已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了多支柱養(yǎng)老金制度改革的影響，對(duì)資本市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展。發(fā)現(xiàn)，轉(zhuǎn)型國(guó)家比同類(lèi)新興市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體面臨更為嚴(yán)峻的人口壓力。因此，他們的政府財(cái)政，以應(yīng)付公共社會(huì)保障制度的一個(gè)上升的壓力。我們認(rèn)為，多支柱養(yǎng)老金改革不是萬(wàn)能的，對(duì)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題。多柱系統(tǒng)是昂貴的介紹，作為退休金供款，以前用于資助公共養(yǎng)老金負(fù)債的轉(zhuǎn)移獲資助的支柱。他們還改變檔案的養(yǎng)老金計(jì)劃的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分擔(dān)的代際公共體系所取代，通過(guò)金融市場(chǎng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分擔(dān)。參數(shù)的公共養(yǎng)老金制度的改革仍然是一個(gè)可行的政策選擇。參量式改革的必要性，強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)制性養(yǎng)老基金的資產(chǎn)分配，在轉(zhuǎn)型國(guó)家中的數(shù)據(jù)，顯示出多元化的資產(chǎn)有限，可能會(huì)破壞對(duì)財(cái)政可持續(xù)性的多柱改革的實(shí)際影響。
[Abstract]:Pension insurance is an important part of social security, which is related to the overall situation of economic development and stability. The so-called endowment insurance is based on certain laws and regulations of the state and society. A social insurance system established to address the basic life of workers after reaching the working age limit set by the State for the discharge of their labour obligations, or after they have withdrawn from work because of their old age, and the end of 80s of the 20th century, The countries of Eastern Europe have undergone dramatic changes in political and economic systems, from a highly centralized planned economy to a market economy, and the traditional pension system is obviously unable to adapt under the new social, political and economic situation. Eastern European countries have entered an aging society, and the countries that are expected to have the fastest ageing population in the next 20 years (from 2010) are in Eastern Europe. On the one hand, the elderly population is growing, and on the other hand, life expectancy is increasing. In order to solve these problems, Eastern European countries are bound to reform their pension systems. China is also a country in the transition from a planned economy to a market economy. Before reaching the economic level of developed countries, there has been an aging population, especially after 2030, the aging will reach a peak. In addition, the dual economic structure between urban and rural areas in China is obvious, and the coverage of the formal social old-age insurance system is small. Therefore, the study of the causes and characteristics of pension system reform in Eastern European countries. In this paper, the basic principles, key indicators and main influencing factors of old-age insurance in countries with economies in transition are expounded by means of index analysis, and the necessity of choosing mixed pension insurance in countries with economies in transition is explained. Some suggestions to improve the current index value of endowment insurance are put forward. This paper briefly introduces the demographic trend and its impact on the public finance in the countries in transition. In addition, it also introduces the impact of pension reform on the development of the capital market and the impact of the reform of the multi-pillar pension system on the development of the capital market. Countries in transition face more severe demographic pressures than their counterparts in emerging market economies. Therefore, their government finances to cope with a rising pressure on public social security systems. We believe that multi-pillar pension reform is not a panacea. For this problem. The multicolumn system is an expensive introduction as a pension contribution, previously used to fund the transfer of public pension liabilities to the funded pillars. They also change the risk of archived pension plans. Instead of the intergenerational public system of risk-sharing, the reform of parameterized public pension systems remains a viable policy option through risk-sharing in financial markets. The emphasis on mandatory pension fund asset allocation, data in transition countries, shows that limited diversification of assets could undermine the real impact of multi-pillar reforms on fiscal sustainability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F842.67

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