本文選題：養(yǎng)老保險　切入點：經濟轉型國家　出處：《上海工程技術大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：養(yǎng)老保險是社會保障的一個重要內容,事關經濟發(fā)展和穩(wěn)定大局。所謂養(yǎng)老保險是國家和社會根據一定的法律和法規(guī)，為解決勞動者在達到國家規(guī)定的解除勞動義務的勞動年齡界限，或因年老喪失勞動能力退出勞動崗位后的基本生活而建立的一種社會保險制度。20世紀80年代末，東歐國家經歷了政治和經濟體制上的劇變，從高度集中的計劃經濟體制轉向市場經濟體制，傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老金制度在新的社會政治經濟形勢下顯然已不能適應。與此同時，東歐國家進入了老齡化社會，據預測未來（從2010年）20年人口老齡化速度最快的國家就位于東歐。一方面老年人口越來越多，另一方面人均壽命不斷延長，這勢必將對其養(yǎng)老金制度造成壓力。為了解決這些問題，，東歐國家必然要對其養(yǎng)老金制度進行改革。中國也屬于計劃經濟向市場經濟轉型的國家，在沒有達到發(fā)達國家的經濟水平之前，就出現了人口老齡化，特別是2030年后老齡化將會達到高峰，再加上我國城鄉(xiāng)二元經濟結構明顯，正式的社會養(yǎng)老保險制度覆蓋面小，養(yǎng)老保障的壓力亦可想而知。因而，研究東歐個國家養(yǎng)老金制度改革的動因和特點。 本文著重用指標分析闡明經濟轉型國家養(yǎng)老保險的基本原理、關健指標及主要影響因素,說明經濟轉型國家選擇混合制養(yǎng)老保險的必要性,提出了對養(yǎng)老保險現行的一些指標值加以改進的建議。 本文簡要介紹了對公共財政的轉型國家的人口趨勢及其影響。此外，還介紹了養(yǎng)老金改革已經進行了多支柱養(yǎng)老金制度改革的影響，對資本市場的發(fā)展。發(fā)現，轉型國家比同類新興市場經濟體面臨更為嚴峻的人口壓力。因此，他們的政府財政，以應付公共社會保障制度的一個上升的壓力。我們認為，多支柱養(yǎng)老金改革不是萬能的，對于這個問題。多柱系統(tǒng)是昂貴的介紹，作為退休金供款，以前用于資助公共養(yǎng)老金負債的轉移獲資助的支柱。他們還改變檔案的養(yǎng)老金計劃的風險，風險分擔的代際公共體系所取代，通過金融市場的風險分擔。參數的公共養(yǎng)老金制度的改革仍然是一個可行的政策選擇。參量式改革的必要性，強調強制性養(yǎng)老基金的資產分配，在轉型國家中的數據，顯示出多元化的資產有限，可能會破壞對財政可持續(xù)性的多柱改革的實際影響。
[Abstract]:Pension insurance is an important part of social security, which is related to the overall situation of economic development and stability. The so-called endowment insurance is based on certain laws and regulations of the state and society. A social insurance system established to address the basic life of workers after reaching the working age limit set by the State for the discharge of their labour obligations, or after they have withdrawn from work because of their old age, and the end of 80s of the 20th century, The countries of Eastern Europe have undergone dramatic changes in political and economic systems, from a highly centralized planned economy to a market economy, and the traditional pension system is obviously unable to adapt under the new social, political and economic situation. Eastern European countries have entered an aging society, and the countries that are expected to have the fastest ageing population in the next 20 years (from 2010) are in Eastern Europe. On the one hand, the elderly population is growing, and on the other hand, life expectancy is increasing. In order to solve these problems, Eastern European countries are bound to reform their pension systems. China is also a country in the transition from a planned economy to a market economy. Before reaching the economic level of developed countries, there has been an aging population, especially after 2030, the aging will reach a peak. In addition, the dual economic structure between urban and rural areas in China is obvious, and the coverage of the formal social old-age insurance system is small. Therefore, the study of the causes and characteristics of pension system reform in Eastern European countries. In this paper, the basic principles, key indicators and main influencing factors of old-age insurance in countries with economies in transition are expounded by means of index analysis, and the necessity of choosing mixed pension insurance in countries with economies in transition is explained. Some suggestions to improve the current index value of endowment insurance are put forward. This paper briefly introduces the demographic trend and its impact on the public finance in the countries in transition. In addition, it also introduces the impact of pension reform on the development of the capital market and the impact of the reform of the multi-pillar pension system on the development of the capital market. Countries in transition face more severe demographic pressures than their counterparts in emerging market economies. Therefore, their government finances to cope with a rising pressure on public social security systems. We believe that multi-pillar pension reform is not a panacea. For this problem. The multicolumn system is an expensive introduction as a pension contribution, previously used to fund the transfer of public pension liabilities to the funded pillars. They also change the risk of archived pension plans. Instead of the intergenerational public system of risk-sharing, the reform of parameterized public pension systems remains a viable policy option through risk-sharing in financial markets. The emphasis on mandatory pension fund asset allocation, data in transition countries, shows that limited diversification of assets could undermine the real impact of multi-pillar reforms on fiscal sustainability.
【學位授予單位】：上海工程技術大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F842.67

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