本文選題：巨災(zāi)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)　切入點(diǎn)：世界保險(xiǎn)業(yè)變化　出處：《西南民族大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來，隨著溫室效應(yīng)不斷加劇，全球氣候異常，板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)愈發(fā)活躍，SARS、H7N1等新型病毒不斷變異，傳染能力大大增強(qiáng)，各種巨災(zāi)接踵而至，，全球自然災(zāi)害事件呈現(xiàn)出快速增長的態(tài)勢(shì)，所造成的人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失也越來越嚴(yán)重。僅2013年平均每月就有13起巨災(zāi)事件發(fā)生，平均84人遇難，并造成4.55億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，全人類正遭遇更加嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。面對(duì)如此嚴(yán)峻的形勢(shì)，世界各國多通過財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移的途徑進(jìn)行災(zāi)后重建，以期盡快恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展。但面對(duì)巨災(zāi)損失，政府財(cái)政資金數(shù)量相當(dāng)有限，各國政府對(duì)事后搶險(xiǎn)救災(zāi)頻感力不從心。近30年來，以事前的防災(zāi)減災(zāi)為核心的市場(chǎng)化保險(xiǎn)逐漸被接受，其作用與地位得以快速提升。 本文通過分析和判斷認(rèn)為，全球巨災(zāi)總體呈現(xiàn)高發(fā)趨勢(shì)，其造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和人員傷亡情況越來越嚴(yán)重。在此影響下，世界保險(xiǎn)業(yè)不斷推出針對(duì)不同災(zāi)害類型的巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)，并借力資本市場(chǎng)開發(fā)出各種巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)證券，同時(shí)建立了不少新型經(jīng)營機(jī)構(gòu)。保險(xiǎn)運(yùn)作模式也由原來單一的市場(chǎng)化經(jīng)營模式，發(fā)展到政府主導(dǎo)模式、市場(chǎng)主導(dǎo)模式、政府與市場(chǎng)結(jié)合模式三種并存。巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)資金運(yùn)用也謹(jǐn)慎性地選擇固定收益類產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行投資。另外，由于巨災(zāi)損失的區(qū)域分布特征，巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)所屬的非壽險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)呈現(xiàn)出非均衡發(fā)展，以歐洲、北美、亞洲為首的三個(gè)地區(qū)占據(jù)全球90%以上的非壽險(xiǎn)保費(fèi)收入。 巨災(zāi)影響下世界保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的上述變化為我國將保險(xiǎn)機(jī)制納入巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理體系提供了啟示。本文認(rèn)為我國應(yīng)加快建立巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)體系，其應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：第一，政府的參與和支持是建立巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)制度的重要前提；第二，應(yīng)當(dāng)充分發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)機(jī)制作用；第三，巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)應(yīng)實(shí)行差異化費(fèi)率，并設(shè)置免賠額或免賠率，對(duì)被保險(xiǎn)人只提供基本生活保障；第四，巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)資金運(yùn)用應(yīng)首先考慮資產(chǎn)的流動(dòng)性和安全性；第五，充足的資金及完善的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分散機(jī)制是巨災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)長久經(jīng)營的必要保障。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the aggravation of Greenhouse Effect and the abnormal global climate, the plate movement has become more and more active and new viruses, such as Sars SHR H7N1, have been mutating, and the ability to infect them has been greatly enhanced, and a variety of catastrophic disasters have followed. In 2013 alone, an average of 13 catastrophic events occurred every month, with an average of 84 people killed and 455 million US dollars in economic losses. All mankind is facing a more severe test. In the face of such a severe situation, the countries of the world carry out post-disaster reconstruction through the means of financial transfer in order to restore economic and social development as soon as possible. But in the face of catastrophic losses, The amount of government financial funds is quite limited, and the governments of various countries are unable to cope with the frequent emergency and disaster relief after the event. In the past 30 years, market-oriented insurance with the core of disaster prevention and mitigation in advance has gradually been accepted, and its role and status have been promoted rapidly. Based on the analysis and judgment, it is concluded that the global catastrophe has a trend of high incidence, and the economic losses and casualties caused by it are becoming more and more serious. Under the influence of this, the insurance industry in the world has continuously introduced catastrophe insurance for different types of disasters. At the same time, many new management institutions have been established. The operation mode of insurance has also developed from a single market-oriented operation model to a government-led mode and a market-oriented mode. The use of catastrophe insurance funds is also carefully selected for investment in fixed income products. In addition, due to the regional distribution characteristics of catastrophe losses, Catastrophe insurance belongs to the non-life insurance industry showing uneven development, with Europe, North America and Asia leading the three regions to account for more than 90% of the world's non-life insurance premium income. The above changes in the world insurance industry under the influence of catastrophe provide enlightenment for our country to bring the insurance mechanism into the catastrophe risk management system. This paper holds that China should speed up the establishment of catastrophe insurance system, which should pay attention to the following points: first, Government participation and support is an important prerequisite for the establishment of catastrophe insurance system; second, the role of market mechanism should be brought into full play; third, catastrophe insurance should implement differentiated rates and set deductible or exempted rates. 4th, the use of catastrophe insurance funds should first consider the liquidity and security of assets; 5th, adequate funds and perfect risk dispersal mechanism is the necessary guarantee of catastrophe insurance long-term management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F841.34

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