本文關(guān)鍵詞： 政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn) 財(cái)政支持 發(fā)展模式 再保險(xiǎn)制度　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國《農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)條例》已經(jīng)于2012年國務(wù)院常務(wù)會(huì)議通過,2013年3月開始施行。農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度在我國已經(jīng)有80多年的發(fā)展歷史,中國農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)長期以來由于缺乏政策層面的制度供給,一直無法擺脫“需求不足,供給有限”的失靈狀態(tài)。馮文麗指出農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)供給具有的信息不對稱、系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和雙重正外部性的特點(diǎn)是失靈狀態(tài)最根本的原因。在總結(jié)歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)的基礎(chǔ)上,我國從2004年開始,在各個(gè)省市地方進(jìn)行政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn),探索我國農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展之路。 本文橫向?qū)ΜF(xiàn)階段我國各試點(diǎn)的政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r進(jìn)行了對比研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)政府補(bǔ)貼農(nóng)戶投保保費(fèi)和財(cái)政支持農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)營機(jī)構(gòu)是非常重要的。在此基礎(chǔ)之上,進(jìn)一步對現(xiàn)階段各地試點(diǎn)政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展過程中的運(yùn)行機(jī)制、財(cái)政扶持狀況和發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行研究和總結(jié),歸納出了我國各地政府對農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度的財(cái)政扶持法律形式。并概括了財(cái)政扶持對各保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)模式發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和前景的影響。安盟模式?jīng)]有得到政府的財(cái)政支持,發(fā)展前景不好,業(yè)務(wù)拓展緩慢,退出了許多農(nóng)險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域,其他五種試點(diǎn)模式得到政府財(cái)政支持的保險(xiǎn)模式得到了較好的發(fā)展,前景樂觀。 總結(jié)我國農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)財(cái)政支持存在的問題發(fā)現(xiàn)：目前我國各地對農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的財(cái)政扶持基本還是以對農(nóng)戶的保費(fèi)補(bǔ)貼為主,只有少數(shù)地區(qū)建立了農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)準(zhǔn)備金制度和農(nóng)業(yè)巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范機(jī)制。與農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度完善的發(fā)達(dá)國家相比較,我國財(cái)政在扶持農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的發(fā)展過程尚有許多問題和不足：我國對保險(xiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)的管理費(fèi)用補(bǔ)貼鮮有,財(cái)政扶持農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展的法律形式單一、沒有形成合力作用；財(cái)政扶持的力度小、水平低,大多數(shù)地區(qū)停留在“保收入”而不是“保產(chǎn)值”的層次,且地區(qū)之間由于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平不同財(cái)政扶持差異大；我國政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的發(fā)展沒有立法層面的法律規(guī)范,政府財(cái)政扶持農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的發(fā)展缺乏有效的法律根據(jù),影響財(cái)政扶持的效力等。 通過研究農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度較為完善的發(fā)達(dá)國家通過哪些形式支持農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展,可以總結(jié)出五種完善我國財(cái)政支持農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展的法律形式。針對我國財(cái)政支持農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的發(fā)展中存在的這些問題,應(yīng)該在已有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持財(cái)政扶持政策性農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展的道路,不斷使我國財(cái)政扶持農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)發(fā)展的法律形式多樣化,使各種扶持方式綜合起來,建立農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)準(zhǔn)備金制度和巨災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防御機(jī)制,完善再保險(xiǎn)制度,共同促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的發(fā)展。并且隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)和政府財(cái)政能力的上升,不斷提高財(cái)政扶持水平,縮小地區(qū)之間的差異,更好的保障貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)民的利益；為財(cái)政支持農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的發(fā)展提供立法上的法律依據(jù),不斷完善財(cái)政扶持過程中的監(jiān)督制度,提高透明度,讓政府財(cái)政更加有效率的為農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展服務(wù)。
[Abstract]:The regulations on Agricultural Insurance in China were adopted by the Executive meeting of the State Council on 2012 and came into effect on March 2013. The agricultural insurance system has been developing for more than 80 years in China. For a long time, due to the lack of institutional supply at the policy level, China's agricultural insurance has been unable to get rid of the malfunction of "insufficient demand and limited supply." Feng Wenli pointed out that the supply of agricultural insurance has asymmetric information. The characteristics of systemic risk and dual positive externality are the most fundamental causes of failure. On the basis of summing up the historical experience and lessons, China began to carry out policy-oriented agricultural insurance pilot projects in various provinces and cities in 2004. To explore the development of agricultural insurance in China. This paper makes a comparative study on the development of policy-oriented agricultural insurance system in various pilot projects in China at this stage, and finds that it is very important for the government to subsidize the insurance premiums of farmers and the financial support for agricultural insurance management institutions. To further study and summarize the operating mechanism, financial support and current development situation of policy-oriented agricultural insurance in various localities at this stage. This paper sums up the legal forms of financial support to the agricultural insurance system by the governments of all parts of our country, and summarizes the influence of the financial support on the present situation and prospects of the development of the various pilot modes of insurance. The UNITA model has not received financial support from the government, and the development prospects are not good. The business expansion is slow and many agricultural insurance fields have been withdrawn. The other five pilot models supported by government finance have been developed better and the prospects are optimistic. This paper summarizes the problems existing in the financial support of agricultural insurance in our country and finds out that the financial support for agricultural insurance in various parts of our country at present is mainly based on the premium subsidy to farmers. Only a few regions have established an agricultural insurance reserve system and an agricultural catastrophe risk prevention mechanism. Compared with developed countries with perfect agricultural insurance systems, There are still many problems and deficiencies in the development process of supporting agricultural insurance in our country: there are few subsidies for the management expenses of insurance institutions in our country, and the legal form of financial support for the development of agricultural insurance is single, which does not form a resultant force; The intensity of financial support is small and the level is low. Most regions stay at the level of "guaranteed income" rather than "guaranteed output value", and there are great differences between regions because of different economic development level. The development of policy-oriented agricultural insurance in our country has no legal norms at the legislative level, and the development of agricultural insurance supported by government finance lacks effective legal basis, which affects the effectiveness of financial support, etc. By studying the forms through which developed countries with more perfect agricultural insurance systems support the development of agricultural insurance, We can sum up five legal forms of perfecting the development of agricultural insurance supported by finance in our country. In view of these problems existing in the development of agricultural insurance supported by finance in our country, We should continue to adhere to the road of financial support for the development of policy-oriented agricultural insurance on the basis of our existing experience, constantly diversify the legal forms of our country's financial support for the development of agricultural insurance, and integrate various forms of support. Establishing the reserve system of agricultural insurance and the mechanism of preventing catastrophe risk, perfecting the reinsurance system, promoting the development of agricultural insurance, and increasing the level of financial support with the increase of economic and government financial capacity, Narrow the differences between regions, better protect the interests of farmers in poor areas, provide a legislative basis for the development of financial support for agricultural insurance, continuously improve the supervision system in the process of financial support, and enhance transparency. To make government finance more efficient for agricultural development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F842.66;F812.45

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