本文選題：國民政府時期 + 城市　； 參考：《河南師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：《漢書·貨殖列傳》有云:“各安其居而樂其業(yè)”。良好而穩(wěn)定的居住環(huán)境作為人類的立足之地、棲身之所,承載著遮風避雨、安養(yǎng)生息等一系列功能。而國民政府時期,戰(zhàn)爭頻繁,政局動蕩,災(zāi)禍不斷,大量的人口涌入城市,由此引起城市住房緊張,房租暴漲,糾紛不斷。為穩(wěn)定社會秩序,政府不斷調(diào)整房租法規(guī),力圖解決人們基本的住房需要,但復(fù)雜的時局和多變的社會矛盾,使政府的調(diào)整愈加頻繁,從而造成了房租標準較為混亂的局面�？v觀國民政府時期的房租糾紛,根據(jù)產(chǎn)生主體的不同,分為房客減租、欠租引起的糾紛和房東加租、索租及收取額外費用引起的糾紛。這些糾紛極大地影響了市民日常生活及社會的和諧安定,引起社會各界的高度關(guān)注,紛紛提出解決的辦法。作為弱勢一方的房客,主要采取集體商討對策和訴諸各類團體組織等方式與房東進行博弈,并從道義的角度出發(fā),將房東的不良行為置于不利地位,進而爭取廣大民眾和官方對其的同情和支持;房東在面對房客欠租、減租行為時,主要通過訴諸法院、成立組織并向政府請愿等方式積極應(yīng)對,并取得了一定的效果。無論房客還是房東,他們都把政府當作其訴求請愿的重要對象,希望政府出臺調(diào)解糾紛的措施。于是,政府重點從成立專門機構(gòu)和制定相關(guān)法律法規(guī)來調(diào)解糾紛,規(guī)范租賃市場。面對房租糾紛,無論個體還是團體,無論民間還是官方,均做出了許多努力,也取得了些許效果。但因房東與房客不同的經(jīng)濟立場,且處于特殊的社會環(huán)境下,故這些措施均未能從根本上解決房租糾紛,只是起到暫時性的調(diào)解作用罷了。在國民政府時期這一特定的歷史背景下,城市房租具有其獨特性。包括受政局影響房租價格波動劇烈、房租征實、按生活費指數(shù)計算、押租金額異常高和截租現(xiàn)象時有發(fā)生等。雖然這是國民政府時期特殊環(huán)境下的產(chǎn)物,但正是由于其復(fù)雜性和特殊性,才能夠從房租這一方面了解國民政府時期經(jīng)濟、政治包括人民生活的獨特視角,對于今天的城市住房保障建設(shè)也具有些許的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:There is a saying: "all people live in peace and enjoy their work." The good and stable living environment, as a foothold of human beings, bears a series of functions, such as shelter from wind and rain, rest and recuperation. During the period of the National Government, the war was frequent, the political situation was turbulent, the disaster was unceasing, the massive population poured into the city, thus caused the city housing to be tense, the rent soaring, the dispute incessantly. In order to stabilize the social order, the government constantly adjusts the rent laws and regulations, tries to solve people's basic housing needs, but the complicated situation and the changeable social contradiction, causes the government to adjust more frequently, thus has caused the rent standard to be more chaotic situation. According to the difference of the main body, the rent disputes in the period of the National Government can be divided into the disputes caused by the rent reduction of tenants, the disputes caused by the arrears of rent and the disputes caused by the increase of rent by the landlord, the demand for rent and the collection of extra charges. These disputes have greatly affected people's daily life and social harmony and stability. As one of the most vulnerable parties, the tenants mainly take the means of collective discussion and resort to various groups and organizations to play games with the landlord, and from a moral point of view, the landlord's bad behavior will be placed at a disadvantage. The landlord, in the face of rent arrears, rent reduction, mainly through the court, set up organizations and petition to the government and other ways to actively respond, and achieved certain results. Both tenants and landlords see the government as a key target of their petition, hoping for measures to settle the dispute. Therefore, the government focuses on the establishment of specialized agencies and the establishment of relevant laws and regulations to mediate disputes and regulate the rental market. In the face of rent disputes, both individuals and groups, civil and official, have made a lot of efforts and achieved some results. But because landlords and tenants have different economic positions and are in a special social environment, these measures have failed to fundamentally resolve the rent dispute, but only play a temporary role in mediation. Under the special historical background of the National Government, urban rent has its uniqueness. It includes the violent fluctuation of the rent price influenced by the political situation, the real rent collection, the extraordinarily high amount of the mortgage rent and the phenomenon of cutting off the rent, calculated according to the cost-of-living index, and so on. Although this was the product of a special environment during the period of the National Government, it was precisely because of its complexity and particularity that it was possible to understand the unique perspective of the economy and politics of the period of the National Government, including the life of the people, from the perspective of rent. For today's urban housing security construction also has some reference significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F299.29;K262.9

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本文編號：1814918