發(fā)布時間：2018-04-01 03:09

  本文選題：失地農(nóng)民　切入點(diǎn)：再就業(yè)　出處：《哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,隨著城市化進(jìn)程的加快,越來越多的土地被攤大餅式的城市化進(jìn)程吞噬,失地農(nóng)民的數(shù)量大幅劇增;在長期以來的城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)背景下,失地農(nóng)民與城市居民享受社會公共服務(wù)的權(quán)利呈現(xiàn)出明顯的不平等。失地農(nóng)民的再就業(yè)問題以及其他一系列的問題,困擾著小康社會的全面建成,成為社會和諧發(fā)展的重要因素,事關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的全局。為了使失地農(nóng)民成為城市化進(jìn)程中真正的受益者,解決失地農(nóng)民的再就業(yè)政策問題時不我待。文章從凱恩斯就業(yè)理論、就業(yè)公共服務(wù)理論、舒爾茨人力資本理論出發(fā),通過對哈爾濱市失地農(nóng)民再就業(yè)政策分析研究,闡述了當(dāng)前哈爾濱市失地農(nóng)民再就業(yè)政策的不完善,在制定過程中缺乏與政策客體的溝通互適,就業(yè)保障政策的覆蓋面較窄;在執(zhí)行過程中存在執(zhí)行力度不足、跟蹤問責(zé)機(jī)制缺位的現(xiàn)象;針對失地農(nóng)民再就業(yè)的法律保障政策體系不健全、司法救助不到位。產(chǎn)生該現(xiàn)象的原因包括政策制定過程中失地農(nóng)民的參與度不足、地方政府在政策執(zhí)行中存在職能欠缺以及長期以來的城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)限制勞動力流通。解決失地農(nóng)民的再就業(yè)問題,需要政府、社會組織及失地農(nóng)民三方積極合作,通過完善征地補(bǔ)償制度及就業(yè)安置政策、完善失地農(nóng)民再就業(yè)培訓(xùn)問責(zé)機(jī)制、統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)市場一體化發(fā)展、完善法律援助體系等多方面的努力。究其原因,是在城鄉(xiāng)二元分割的大背景下,失地農(nóng)民的市民化政策發(fā)育遲滯,失地農(nóng)民在征地過程中的參與性不足較為被動,導(dǎo)致溝通不暢信息共享不及時;同時,政府為失地農(nóng)民提供再就業(yè)的服務(wù)意愿不高,雙向互適的再就業(yè)信息服務(wù)平臺沒有真正落實(shí)到位,執(zhí)行力較弱;失地農(nóng)民自身文化程度有限,職業(yè)培訓(xùn)又缺少時效性更多流于形式;另外,失地農(nóng)民再就業(yè)法律法規(guī)政策保障不足,缺少必要的法律援助機(jī)構(gòu)。在借鑒發(fā)達(dá)國家和國內(nèi)其他城市在解決失地農(nóng)民再就業(yè)政策問題上的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,針對哈爾濱市失地農(nóng)民再就業(yè)政策的不足,提出以下對策:第一,完善征地補(bǔ)償機(jī)制及就業(yè)安置政策,建立雙向溝通互適的失地農(nóng)民再就業(yè)信息網(wǎng),健全失地農(nóng)民再就業(yè)信息服務(wù)平臺;第二,完善失地農(nóng)民再就業(yè)培訓(xùn)跟蹤及問責(zé)機(jī)制;第三,統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)一體化的勞動力市場,擴(kuò)大就業(yè)保障政策的覆蓋面,消除就業(yè)歧視;第四,完善現(xiàn)行的就業(yè)保障相關(guān)法律法規(guī),并設(shè)立法律援助機(jī)構(gòu)解決失地農(nóng)民的就業(yè)糾紛,維護(hù)其合法權(quán)益。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization, more and more land has been swallowed up by the process of urbanization, and the number of land-lost farmers has increased dramatically; under the background of urban-rural dual structure for a long time,The rights of landless farmers and urban residents to enjoy social public services show obvious inequality.The problem of re-employment of landless farmers and a series of other problems puzzles the overall establishment of a well-off society and becomes an important factor for the harmonious development of the society, which is related to the overall situation of economic and social development.In order to make the land-lost farmers become the real beneficiaries in the process of urbanization, it is urgent to solve the problem of the re-employment policy of the land-lost farmers.Starting from Keynes' employment theory, employment public service theory and Schultz's human capital theory, this paper analyzes and studies the policy of reemployment of landless farmers in Harbin, and expounds the imperfections of the current policy of reemployment of landless farmers in Harbin.In the process of formulation, there is a lack of communication and mutual adaptation with the policy object, and the coverage of employment security policy is relatively narrow, and there is a lack of enforcement and tracking accountability mechanism in the process of implementation.The legal guarantee policy system for the land-lost farmers re-employment is not perfect and the judicial aid is not in place.The causes of this phenomenon include the lack of participation of landless farmers in the process of policy making, the lack of functions of local governments in the implementation of policies, and the long-standing dual structure of urban and rural areas restricting the circulation of labor.To solve the problem of re-employment of land-lost farmers, it is necessary for the government, social organizations and land-lost farmers to cooperate actively, and improve the system of compensation for land requisition and the policy of employment and resettlement, and improve the accountability mechanism for re-employment training of land-lost farmers.Coordinate the development of urban and rural employment market integration, improve the legal aid system and other efforts.The reason is that under the background of dual division of urban and rural areas, the development of land-lost farmers' civic policy is slow, the lack of participation of land-lost farmers in the process of land requisition is more passive, resulting in poor communication and information sharing is not timely; at the same time,The government's willingness to provide re-employment for landless farmers is not high, and the two-way mutually suitable re-employment information service platform has not really been put in place, and the execution ability is relatively weak, and the cultural level of landless farmers is limited.Vocational training is lack of timeliness and more formality; in addition, the lack of protection of laws, regulations and policies for the re-employment of landless farmers and the lack of necessary legal aid institutions.On the basis of the successful experience of developed countries and other cities in solving the problem of reemployment policy of land-lost farmers, the following countermeasures are put forward in view of the shortcomings of the policy of re-employment of land-lost farmers in Harbin: first,Improve land requisition compensation mechanism and employment resettlement policy, establish two-way communication and mutual appropriate land loss farmers re-employment information network, improve land loss farmers re-employment information service platform; second, improve land loss farmers retraining tracking and accountability mechanism; third,To coordinate the integration of urban and rural labor market, expand the coverage of employment security policies, eliminate employment discrimination; fourth, improve the existing laws and regulations related to employment security, and set up legal aid agencies to solve the employment disputes of landless farmers.To safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱商業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F323.6;F249.27

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