本文選題：政府補(bǔ)助　切入點(diǎn)：產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：政府補(bǔ)助政策作為對(duì)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要調(diào)控手段之一,對(duì)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的歷史演進(jìn)產(chǎn)生了重要作用,而國家“十二五”規(guī)劃對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的重要指示以及全球經(jīng)濟(jì)下行對(duì)國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)造成的影響又使政府補(bǔ)助政策得到了更多的關(guān)注,因此本文基于現(xiàn)實(shí)背景而提出論文的構(gòu)想,試圖解決該理論在產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與城市效率相關(guān)方面的不足。本文首先梳理與歸納了政府補(bǔ)助對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整與城市效率提升的相關(guān)理論文獻(xiàn),利用相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),描述了當(dāng)前政府補(bǔ)助對(duì)省際、城市、企業(yè)的正負(fù)作用;其次,通過政府補(bǔ)助與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、政府補(bǔ)助與城市效率、政府補(bǔ)助、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與城市效率的協(xié)同效應(yīng)等三個(gè)作用機(jī)制,逐一的分析了他們之間的一般聯(lián)系;最后,根據(jù)相關(guān)變量的數(shù)據(jù)分析,對(duì)政府補(bǔ)助與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、城市效率進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析。本文在實(shí)證分析過程中,主要試圖回答以下幾個(gè)問題:政府補(bǔ)助在實(shí)施的過程中是否會(huì)出現(xiàn)人為因素,導(dǎo)致效率的降低?政府補(bǔ)助對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的作用是通過什么途徑而產(chǎn)生的?政府補(bǔ)助與城市效率的提升有什么內(nèi)在聯(lián)系?政府補(bǔ)助對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整是否具有促進(jìn)作用?政府補(bǔ)助對(duì)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)以及城市效率的提升是否能達(dá)到政府所期望的高度?政府補(bǔ)助、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與城市效率之間是否具有協(xié)同效應(yīng)?通過回答以上的問題,對(duì)政府補(bǔ)助推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整與提升城市效率具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)與實(shí)際意義。因此,本文試圖在財(cái)政與政府補(bǔ)助的理論框架之中全面系統(tǒng)的考察產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整與城市效率提升之間的關(guān)系并回答上述疑問。本文首先認(rèn)為政府補(bǔ)助對(duì)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長與社會(huì)公平具有一定的負(fù)面作用,由于政府關(guān)聯(lián)性的存在,政治關(guān)聯(lián)度越高的企業(yè)所受的補(bǔ)助將高于政治關(guān)聯(lián)度低的企業(yè),但是從使用效率來看,政治關(guān)聯(lián)度越低的企業(yè)在利用政府補(bǔ)助的實(shí)際效率卻高于關(guān)聯(lián)度高的企業(yè),同時(shí),過多補(bǔ)助經(jīng)營業(yè)績低效的企業(yè),將會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)不穩(wěn)定因素提高,造成社會(huì)公共利益失衡。因此在政府補(bǔ)助的實(shí)際操作過程中,將會(huì)不可避免的出現(xiàn)人為干擾因素而影響政府補(bǔ)助政策的實(shí)施效果。隨后發(fā)現(xiàn)財(cái)政政策不再僅僅受限于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的外部變量,它是通過教育、勞動(dòng)力、技術(shù)進(jìn)步、資本等要素而反應(yīng)于國民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的內(nèi)生變量,從而間接影響地方經(jīng)濟(jì)與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變遷。政府補(bǔ)助對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整具有推動(dòng)作用,是與其政策架構(gòu)所分不開的。政府補(bǔ)助政策通過退稅返還、貼息,無償撥付等手段,有效完成了其在產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化中所需要的目標(biāo),推動(dòng)了內(nèi)生經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式的轉(zhuǎn)換。同時(shí),由于政府補(bǔ)助政策將通過資本要素流通來間接調(diào)控宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)走勢(shì),充分體現(xiàn)了政府整體戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃意圖,并具有中間流程少,作用明顯等優(yōu)點(diǎn),因而,在當(dāng)今社會(huì)被作為調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的重要經(jīng)濟(jì)手段之一。接著本文進(jìn)一步考察了政府補(bǔ)助與城市效率之間的關(guān)系,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)政府通過實(shí)施高質(zhì)量的政府補(bǔ)助政策,將優(yōu)化市場(chǎng)資源配置與數(shù)據(jù)收集,有效甄別出企業(yè)為了尋找補(bǔ)助而釋放的虛假信息。將國家財(cái)政資金更為合理的分配于傾向扶持行業(yè),促進(jìn)了行業(yè)的自主研發(fā)與規(guī)模,推動(dòng)了城市效率提升,拉動(dòng)了地方經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。同時(shí),高效公平的政府行為,可以有效維護(hù)國家法律法規(guī)與監(jiān)管體制,為受補(bǔ)助行業(yè)提供優(yōu)良的制度性基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),減少受補(bǔ)助行業(yè)在產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整與經(jīng)營規(guī)模擴(kuò)大過程中所產(chǎn)生的運(yùn)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn),加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)演進(jìn)過程,從而間接促進(jìn)城市效率提升。最后,研究結(jié)果顯示,一是政府補(bǔ)助對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)有顯著的正向作用,表明政府補(bǔ)助力度的提升有利于推動(dòng)我國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)由第二產(chǎn)業(yè)向第三產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移。具體而言,東部地區(qū)的推動(dòng)效果最大,西部地區(qū)次之,中部地區(qū)最小。我國東部地區(qū)的制造業(yè)正逐漸向中西部地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移,導(dǎo)致東部地區(qū)服務(wù)業(yè)比重不斷提升,且東部地區(qū)生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)在服務(wù)業(yè)中所占比重較大,這些地區(qū)城市的政府補(bǔ)助重點(diǎn)對(duì)象為服務(wù)業(yè)。中西部地區(qū)正承接?xùn)|部地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移,因而補(bǔ)助對(duì)象更側(cè)重于制造業(yè)企業(yè);二是政府補(bǔ)助力度的加大有利于提高我國各地區(qū)城市效率。政府補(bǔ)助通過優(yōu)化資源配置、激勵(lì)企業(yè)積極參與研發(fā)活動(dòng)、提高研發(fā)投入-產(chǎn)出間的轉(zhuǎn)化率與降低企業(yè)的運(yùn)行成本四個(gè)途徑從而提高城市效率。從區(qū)域而言,東部地區(qū)政府補(bǔ)助對(duì)城市效率的提升作用最為明顯,中部地區(qū)次之,西部地區(qū)最小。東部地區(qū)政府補(bǔ)助的規(guī)模顯著高于中西部地區(qū),且東部地區(qū)政府補(bǔ)助的重點(diǎn)對(duì)象是服務(wù)業(yè)中效率較高的生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè),這更有利于城市效率的提升。中部地區(qū)制造業(yè)總體發(fā)展水平較西部地區(qū)高,對(duì)制造業(yè)的補(bǔ)助相對(duì)而言中部地區(qū)的效果更為明顯;三是政府補(bǔ)助對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)起帶動(dòng)作用,但是這一帶動(dòng)作用隨時(shí)間的推移而逐漸減小;相反,城市效率的提升對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化升級(jí)起抑制性作用,且反向作用的力度隨時(shí)間的推移逐漸增大。政府補(bǔ)助力度的加強(qiáng)會(huì)提高城市的效率,并且提高的幅度隨時(shí)間的推移而不斷的擴(kuò)大;產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化升級(jí)也會(huì)對(duì)城市效率起積極的作用,但是隨著時(shí)間的推移這一積極效應(yīng)會(huì)不斷的減弱。
[Abstract]:The government subsidy policy as one of the main means of macroeconomic regulation, the historical evolution of China's economy has played an important role, and the influence of the "12th Five-Year" national planning important instructions on the adjustment of industrial structure and the global economic downturn in the domestic economy and the policy caused by government subsidies gained more and more attention, so this paper puts forward the concept of based on the realistic background and the attempt to solve the problem of the theory in the efficiency of industrial structure and city. This paper first reviews and summarizes the relevant theories and literatures on government subsidies to the adjustment of industrial structure and improve the efficiency of the city, using the related data, describes the current government subsidies for provincial, city, positive and negative effects of the enterprise; secondly, through the government grants and government subsidies and the city industrial structure, efficiency, government subsidies, industrial structure and city efficiency of the synergistic effect of the three mechanisms System, we analyze the general relationship between them; finally, according to the analysis of the data of relevant variables, government subsidies and industrial structure and city efficiency for empirical analysis. In this paper, in the process of empirical analysis, mainly to answer the following questions: government subsidies human factors will in the process of implementation, the decrease of efficiency? The government subsidies for the role of the industrial structure is produced by what way? What's the relation between city government subsidies and improve the efficiency of government subsidies? On the adjustment of industrial structure is to promote for? Government subsidies to promote regional economic and city government efficiency can achieve the desired height of government subsidies,? Between the efficiency of industrial structure and city have synergy? By answering these questions of government subsidies to promote the adjustment of industrial structure and enhance the efficiency of city has Very important realistic and practical significance. Therefore, this paper tries to adjust the relationship between efficiency and industrial structure upgrading of city between the theoretical framework in finance and government subsidies in the comprehensive system and answer these questions. This paper first argues that the government grants equity has a negative effect on the growth of national economy and society, because of the existence of relevance the higher the degree of political connection, the subsidy will be higher than the low degree of political connection enterprises, but from the view of efficiency, the lower the degree of political connection enterprises in the actual utilization efficiency of government subsidies is higher than that of high degree of enterprise, at the same time, excessive subsidies operating performance of inefficient enterprises, will lead to the society to improve the stability factor, cause imbalance of public interests. In the course of the actual operation of government grants, there will inevitably disturb and influence The effect of policy implementation of government subsidies. Then fiscal policy is not only limited to the external variable of economic growth, it is through education, labor, technology, capital and other factors in the growth of the national economy and the reaction of endogenous variables, and thus indirectly affect the local economy and the industrial structure changes. Government subsidies can promote the adjustment of industrial structure that is their policy framework are inseparable. Government subsidies through the discount policy, tax return, free allocation of means, effectively completed its needs in the industrial structure optimization goal, promote the conversion of endogenous economic growth. At the same time, the policy of government subsidies through capital circulation to indirect macro-control the economic trend, fully reflects the intention of the overall strategic planning of the government, and having an intermediate process, obvious advantages, so as to adjust the industrial in today's society One of the important means of economic structure. Then this paper further investigates the relationship between the city and the efficiency of government subsidies, the government through the implementation of high quality government subsidy policies, will optimize the market allocation of resources and data collection, effectively identify false information to help business to find and release. The national finance is more reasonable assigned to tend to support the industry, promote the independent research and development and the scale of the industry, promote the city to enhance the efficiency, stimulating local economic growth. At the same time, government behavior, fairness, can effectively maintain national laws and regulations and supervision system, to provide excellent institutional infrastructure for subsidized industries, reducing subsidies in the industry industrial restructuring and expanding the scale of operation in the process of operating risk, accelerate the evolution of industrial structure, thereby indirectly promote the city efficiency is promoted. Finally, The results of the study showed that a government subsidy has significant positive effect on industry structure, efforts to show that government subsidies improvement is conducive to promoting China's industrial structure was transferred from the second industry to the third industry. Specifically, the eastern region to promote the greatest effect in western region, the central region is minimal. Manufacturing industry in East China is gradually transferred to the central and western regions, resulting in the proportion of service industry in the eastern region is rising, and the eastern region of producer services in the service industry accounted for a larger proportion, the focus of government subsidies for these areas of the city service industry. The Midwest is the eastern industrial transfer, so the subsidy object is more focused on the manufacturing enterprise; two is to increase government subsidies is conducive to improving the efficiency of city regions in our country. Government subsidies through optimizing the allocation of resources, encourage enterprises to actively participate in research activities,. High R & D investment into output and to improve the city efficiency and reduce operating costs by four ways. From the region, the eastern region government subsidies to increase the efficiency of the city is the most obvious, followed by the central region, the western region. The eastern region minimum government subsidy scale was significantly higher than that in the central and western regions, and focus the eastern region is the high efficiency of government subsidies in services of producer services, which is more conducive to the city to promote the efficiency of manufacturing industry. The central region of the overall level of development is relatively high in the western region, manufacturing subsidies for the central region of the effect is more obvious; three is the leading role of government subsidies for the upgrading of the industrial structure however, the leading role with the passage of time gradually decreases; instead, city to improve the efficiency of the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure has an inhibitory effect, and the reverse force By degrees with time gradually increased. Government subsidies will increase efforts to strengthen the city's efficiency, and improve the amplitude with time and continuously expand; the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure will play a positive role in city efficiency, but with the passage of time this positive effect will continue to weaken.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F299.2;F121.3;F812.45

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