本文選題：地震災害　切入點：應急物流系統(tǒng)　出處：《電子科技大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來,地震災害頻發(fā),給人類帶來了巨大的人員傷亡與財產(chǎn)損失,例如汶川地震、玉樹地震、雅安地震。為搶救災區(qū)人民群眾的生命,盡可能降低地震災害帶來的損失,應急物資必須在震后盡可能短的時間內(nèi)配送到災區(qū)的各個需求點,尤其是在震后初期救援階段的搜救設(shè)備、醫(yī)療設(shè)備與藥品。開展抗震救災工作需要多品種、大批量的應急物資。地震災害的突發(fā)性、破壞性與應急物資配送的時間緊迫性,給震后應急物流系統(tǒng)帶來了巨大挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)“汶川大地震”抗震救災實際工作情況的反饋信息,學者們普遍認為,有效保障應急物資供應的關(guān)鍵在于合理進行應急設(shè)施定位分配(Location Allocation Problem,LAP)與科學規(guī)劃應急車輛行駛路線(Vehicle Routing Problem,VRP)。而且,LAP與VRP之間存在相互依賴、相互影響的關(guān)系,必須將二者進行整體設(shè)計與優(yōu)化,即研究震后應急物流系統(tǒng)中的定位-路徑問題(Location-Routing Problem,LRP)。震后應急物資配送過程中經(jīng)常面臨諸多不確定因素的干擾。例如余震導致本來通暢的原定配送路徑上的某些道路嚴重損毀從而車輛無法通行、災區(qū)部分地區(qū)疫情突然大規(guī)模爆發(fā)導致部分需求點的應急物資需求急劇增加、車輛在服務過程中突然發(fā)生故障無法繼續(xù)配送等。此類事件統(tǒng)稱干擾事件。此時,決策者如果按照干擾事件發(fā)生前制定的初始方案進行應急物資供應,必然導致部分需求點服務失敗。因此,必須根據(jù)干擾事件發(fā)生的具體情況進行方案調(diào)整,有效處理干擾事件,使其對整個震后應急物流系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的擾動最小,保障應急物資配送正常進行。為此,本文以震后應急物流系統(tǒng)中的LRP為研究對象,并結(jié)合汶川大地震、玉樹地震、雅安地震等自然災害發(fā)生后的應急物資配送相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),重點研究震后應急物資配送特性、符合震后應急物資配送不同真實情景的多目標LRP優(yōu)化模型與相應求解算法、震后應急LRP中的干擾管理優(yōu)化模型以及相應求解算法。主要內(nèi)容分為如下5個部分:(1)震后應急物資配送特性分析。描述了地震的突發(fā)性、巨大破壞性、時間持續(xù)性與周期性,分析了震后應急物資需求的復雜性、分級性與動態(tài)性,總結(jié)了震后應急物資供應具有時間緊迫性、數(shù)量巨大性與應急物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)復雜性,震后應急物流系統(tǒng)中的LRP具有時間優(yōu)先性、環(huán)境復雜性、供應方式多樣性與動態(tài)性。(2)震后應急物資配送的新LRP模型與算法研究。研究震后應急物資配送的一種新LRP,即假設(shè)震后有n個需求點,在這n個需求點內(nèi)選擇m個需求點作為沒有容量限制的應急物流中心(NM?),并綜合考慮應急設(shè)施運輸能力限制、需求點所在地理位置和地形導致的應急車輛行駛時間的隨機性、需求點應急物資需求量的不確定性與應急物資配送的時間緊迫性,以應急物資總運達時間最短與總配送成本最小為目標,構(gòu)建一個基于機會約束規(guī)劃的多目標模糊LRP優(yōu)化模型,并根據(jù)模型的特點設(shè)計一種混合免疫遺傳算法予以求解。最后,給出算例驗證了本文方法的可行性與有效性。(3)震后應急物資多方式供應中的模糊動態(tài)LRP模型與算法研究。綜合考慮應急物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的模糊需求量、時間窗限制、路網(wǎng)連通損毀與動態(tài)恢復情況、車輛隨機行駛時間、配送設(shè)備運輸能力限制以及應急物資分割運輸與配送等特性,以應急物資總供應時間最短、總供應費用最小為目標,構(gòu)建一個震后應急物資多方式供應的多目標模糊LRP優(yōu)化模型,并根據(jù)模型的特點設(shè)計一種混合蟻群算法予以求解。最后,通過算例驗證了本文模型和算法的可行性與有效性。(4)公平視角下震后應急物資多方式配送的LRP模型與算法研究。將公平理論引入震后應急物資配送,并綜合考慮災區(qū)需求點的時間窗限制、部分道路損毀與動態(tài)恢復、車輛隨機行駛時間、應急物資多方式供應等特性,以應急物資總運達時間最短、應急物資運達需求點的最大等待時間最短為目標,建立一個多品種應急物資多方式公平供應且?guī)拗破诘亩嗄繕薒RP優(yōu)化模型,并根據(jù)模型的特點設(shè)計一種混合啟發(fā)式算法予以求解。最后,以“汶川大地震”應急物資配送過程中的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)造算例進行測試,驗證了本文方法的合理性與有效性。(5)震后應急LRP中的干擾管理模型與算法研究。綜合考慮應急物資配送過程中發(fā)生的各種干擾事件、災區(qū)路網(wǎng)損毀情況、需求點的模糊需求量與時間窗限制、多方式供應等因素,以應急物資配送總時間最短構(gòu)建了震后應急LRP的初始配送方案優(yōu)化模型,并結(jié)合行為科學中對人的行為感知的研究方法從災區(qū)需求點、應急決策部門、應急物流執(zhí)行者三個方面分析干擾事件對應急物流系統(tǒng)的擾動,在此基礎(chǔ)上以系統(tǒng)擾動最小為目標構(gòu)建一個字典序的干擾管理模型。最后,設(shè)計干擾事件處理策略,并根據(jù)模型特點設(shè)計了一種混合蟻群算法予以求解。算例結(jié)果表明了本文方法比全局重優(yōu)化方法和局部重優(yōu)化方法更加合理有效。本研究成果可以有效保障應急物資配送,避免應急物資供需失衡,實現(xiàn)震后應急物資供應的快速響應,降低應急物流系統(tǒng)的總費用,降低地震災害帶來的各種損失與危害,具有重要的理論和實踐意義。本研究在理論上補充、豐富了應急物流管理理論與優(yōu)化方法,為應急物流領(lǐng)域研究提供了新理念和研究方向,為同行提供研究參考;在應用層面上,可以為相關(guān)應急管理決策部門提供決策參考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the earthquake disasters have brought huge casualties and property losses to human beings, such as the Wenchuan earthquake, Yushu earthquake, Ya'an earthquake. In order to rescue the life of the people in the disaster areas, to reduce the earthquake disaster losses as much as possible, emergency supplies after the earthquake must be in the shortest possible time with each demand point to the disaster areas especially, in the stage of the initial period after the earthquake rescue rescue equipment, medical equipment and medicine. To carry out relief work to a variety of emergency supplies, in large quantities. The sudden earthquake disaster, time urgency and destructive emergency material distribution, to the earthquake emergency logistics system has brought great challenges. According to the feedback information of earthquake Wenchuan earthquake disaster relief work actual situation, scholars generally believe that the effective protection of the key lies in the reasonable emergency supplies for emergency facility location allocation (Location Allocat Ion Problem, LAP) and scientific planning of emergency vehicle routes (Vehicle Routing Problem, VRP). Moreover, there is interdependence between LAP and VRP, the relation of mutual influence, must be two for the design and optimization of overall, which is on the location of post earthquake emergency logistics system in the path problem (Location-Routing Problem, LRP). Earthquake emergency material distribution process often faces many uncertain factors. Such as aftershocks caused some road originally been open on the distribution path serious damage to vehicles can not pass the disaster in some areas the epidemic situation suddenly outbreak caused the demand point part of emergency material demand increased dramatically, the vehicles in the service process of sudden failure cannot continue distribution. Such events referred to as disturbance events. At this time, if policy makers plan according to the initial interference before the events of emergency supplies Should be, will inevitably lead to some demand point of service failure. Therefore, the program must be adjusted according to specific conditions of interference incidents, effectively deal with interference events, make for the earthquake emergency logistics system disturbance minimum, ensure that the emergency supplies distribution normally. Therefore, the earthquake emergency logistics system in LRP as the research object. Combined with the Wenchuan earthquake, Yushu earthquake, emergency supplies distribution data of the Ya'an earthquake and other natural disasters happen after the earthquake, focus on emergency supplies distribution characteristics, in line with the earthquake emergency supplies distribution with the real situation of multi-objective LRP optimization model and solving algorithm, optimization model and corresponding algorithm to solve the interference management of post earthquake emergency in LRP the main content is divided into 5 parts as follows: (1) analysis of earthquake emergency material distribution characteristics. Describe the sudden earthquake, great damage, holding time Continuity and periodicity, analyzed the complexity of earthquake emergency demand, classification and dynamic, summed up the earthquake emergency supplies with the urgency of time, a huge number of emergency logistics network and the complexity of earthquake emergency logistics system in LRP with time priority, the complexity of the environment, supply diversity and dynamic. (2) after the earthquake of the new LRP model and algorithm of emergency material distribution. A new LRP study on earthquake emergency material distribution, assuming that the earthquake has N demand points in the n m in demand demand as no capacity constraints of the emergency logistics center (NM?), and considering the emergency transport facilities capacity constraints, stochastic demand point of emergency vehicle location and terrain to travel time, time urgency demand of emergency material demand uncertainty and distribution of emergency supplies, emergency supplies to The total delivery time is the shortest and the total distribution cost minimum as the goal, to build a multi-objective chance constrained programming based on fuzzy optimization model of LRP, and according to the characteristics of the model design of a hybrid immune genetic algorithm is applied to solve the problem. Finally, the example is given to verify the feasibility and validity of this method. (3) after the earthquake emergency material supply in the multi way LRP fuzzy dynamic model and algorithm research. Considering the fuzzy demand in the emergency logistics network, time window, network connectivity and dynamic damage recovery, random vehicle travel time distribution equipment, transport capacity constraints and emergency supplies division of transportation and distribution characteristics, the total supply of emergency supplies the shortest time, the minimum total supply cost as the goal, LRP fuzzy multi-objective optimization model to construct a multi way earthquake emergency material supply, and design a hybrid ant colony based on the characteristics of the model The algorithm to be solved. Finally, through an example to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model and algorithm. (4) a fair perspective study on LRP model and algorithm under the earthquake emergency material distribution. The multi justice theory into emergency material distribution, and considering the time window of the affected point limit, and part of road damage dynamic recovery, random vehicle travel time, emergency supplies more supply and other characteristics, with total emergency supplies arrived in the shortest time, emergency supplies demand reached a maximum waiting time point shortest as the goal, to build a variety of multi-objective optimization model of LRP should be fair and more urgent material supply with a limited period. According to the characteristics of the model design of a hybrid heuristic algorithm is applied to solve the problem. Finally, the data structure of Wenchuan earthquake emergency material distribution in the process of example test and verify the party The rationality and effectiveness of the method. (5) research on disruption management model and algorithm of emergency LRP. Considering all kinds of interference incidents emergency material distribution in the process of network disaster damage, fuzzy demand and demand time window constraints, multi supply factors, the distribution of emergency supplies total time the shortest construction initial distribution plan optimization model for earthquake emergency LRP, and combining with the research methods of behavioral perception of human behavior in science from the demand point of disaster, emergency decision-making departments, three aspects of the disturbance of the emergency logistics system interference event to perform emergency logistics, on the basis of system disturbance minimum disruption management model objective to construct a lexicographic order. Finally, the design of interference event processing strategy, and design a hybrid ant colony algorithm is applied to solve the problem according to the characteristics of the model. Numerical results show that the method proposed in this paper Compared to the global weight optimization method and local weight optimization method is more reasonable and effective. The results of this study can effectively guarantee the distribution of emergency supplies, to avoid the imbalance between supply and demand of emergency supplies, to achieve rapid response to earthquake emergency supplies, reduce the total cost of the emergency logistics system, reduce the loss and damage of the earthquake disaster, it has important theoretical and practical significance the study added. In theory, enrich the emergency logistics management theory and optimization method, provides a new direction for the field of philosophy and research of emergency logistics research, provide research reference for counterparts; in the application level, can provide a reference for the relevant decision-making departments of emergency management.

【學位授予單位】：電子科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：U116.2;F252

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