本文關(guān)鍵詞： 最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 資源錯(cuò)配 生存概率 全要素生產(chǎn)率　出處：《中國(guó)工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)》2017年07期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：通過(guò)利用1998—2007年中國(guó)工業(yè)企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和251個(gè)地級(jí)市統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),以企業(yè)全要素生產(chǎn)率的離散程度作為資源錯(cuò)配的度量指標(biāo),本文實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)了最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)中國(guó)資源錯(cuò)配的影響,并重點(diǎn)探討了潛在的作用機(jī)制。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的上調(diào)有利于改善資源錯(cuò)配,且該效應(yīng)在東、中、西三大區(qū)域趨于增強(qiáng)。同時(shí),最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)不同類型企業(yè)的資源錯(cuò)配具有異質(zhì)性影響,伴隨著國(guó)有企業(yè)和非出口企業(yè)的資源錯(cuò)配得到改善,非國(guó)有企業(yè)和出口企業(yè)并未受到顯著影響。進(jìn)一步的傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,通過(guò)增加低效率企業(yè)退出市場(chǎng)的概率和對(duì)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率的非對(duì)稱提升作用兩條途徑,最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使得企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率的分布收緊,從而改善了資源錯(cuò)配。此外,上述機(jī)制在不同類型企業(yè)中存在顯著差異,從而使得最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的資源錯(cuò)配改善效應(yīng)存在異質(zhì)性。對(duì)于國(guó)有企業(yè)和非國(guó)有企業(yè)而言,企業(yè)生產(chǎn)率的非對(duì)稱效應(yīng)占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位;對(duì)于出口企業(yè)和非出口企業(yè)而言,低效率企業(yè)退出市場(chǎng)占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。本文的研究結(jié)論表明,盡管最低工資標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在短期內(nèi)可能會(huì)通過(guò)推動(dòng)勞動(dòng)成本上升而降低社會(huì)就業(yè),但從長(zhǎng)期看有助于通過(guò)"倒逼機(jī)制"來(lái)改善資源在不同企業(yè)間的錯(cuò)配,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型。
[Abstract]:By using the database of Chinese industrial enterprises and 251 prefecture-level cities from 1998 to 2007, the discrete degree of total factor productivity of enterprises is taken as the measurement index of resource mismatch. This paper empirically examines the impact of minimum wage on resource mismatch in China, and focuses on the potential mechanism. The research results show that the increase of minimum wage is beneficial to improve the mismatch of resources. At the same time, the minimum wage standard has heterogeneity influence on the resource mismatch of different types of enterprises. With the improvement of resource mismatch of state-owned enterprises and non-export enterprises, non-state-owned enterprises and export enterprises have not been significantly affected. By increasing the probability of inefficient firms to withdraw from the market and the asymmetric effect on the productivity of enterprises, the minimum wage standard makes the distribution of enterprise productivity tighten, thus improving the mismatch of resources. The above mechanisms have significant differences among different types of enterprises, which makes the improvement effect of minimum wage standard resource mismatch heterogeneity. For state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises. The asymmetric effect of enterprise productivity occupies a dominant position; For export enterprises and non-export enterprises, inefficient enterprises to withdraw from the market occupies a dominant position. While the minimum wage may reduce social employment in the short term by driving up labour costs, in the long run it will help to improve the misallocation of resources between different enterprises through a "backward forcing mechanism". To achieve economic growth and structural transformation.
【作者單位】： 復(fù)旦大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院;復(fù)旦大學(xué)中國(guó)社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究中心;中南大學(xué)商學(xué)院;中南大學(xué)金屬資源戰(zhàn)略研究院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目“推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)的機(jī)制與政策研究”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào)71333002) 國(guó)家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金重大項(xiàng)目“我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展新常態(tài)的趨勢(shì)性特征及政策取向研究”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào)15ZDA008)
【分類號(hào)】：F249.24;F424
【正文快照】： 一、問(wèn)題提出過(guò)去三十年間,中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)取得了令世界矚目的高速增長(zhǎng),這一成就主要得益于資源重新配置帶來(lái)的全要素生產(chǎn)率持續(xù)提高(易綱等,2003;Zhu,2012)。傳統(tǒng)以國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)為主體的一元公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)逐步演變?yōu)楣兄茷橹黧w、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)體制變遷和所有制結(jié)構(gòu)變

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