本文關(guān)鍵詞： 城市化 空氣環(huán)境 空氣質(zhì)量 環(huán)境庫茲涅茨曲線 空間計(jì)量　出處：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：空氣污染作為全球性的主要環(huán)境污染問題之一,日益受到學(xué)界、社會和各國政府的共同關(guān)注。自1978年,中國改革開放以來的快速經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、能源效率、污染排放,嚴(yán)重加劇了包括空氣污染在內(nèi)的生態(tài)環(huán)境改變,并導(dǎo)致霧霾等空氣污染事件成為了快速城市化過程中的“新常態(tài)”。同時(shí),處在產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級過程中的中國,伴隨“京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展”、“一帶一路建設(shè)”、“長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展”三大戰(zhàn)略的推進(jìn),新型工業(yè)化道路、區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展、生態(tài)文明建設(shè)對城市空氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量改善提出了新的要求。因此,城市化與環(huán)境空氣的相互作用關(guān)系研究,不僅是新背景下城市化與生態(tài)環(huán)境耦合作用關(guān)系研究的重要延伸,也是引導(dǎo)未來城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展和環(huán)境政策制定的重要依據(jù)。面對一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長、城市化快速提升但環(huán)境日趨惡化的新常態(tài),在中國,空氣環(huán)境污染和城市經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、城市發(fā)展之間究竟有什么樣的關(guān)系?城市化的快速發(fā)展會導(dǎo)致空氣環(huán)境污染日益惡化,還是最終有可能帶來空氣環(huán)境的改善,兩者的相互作用機(jī)理如何?值得我們進(jìn)一步深入探討。基于此,本文以中國地級及以上城市為主要研究對象(依據(jù)指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)的連續(xù)性共篩選出274個(gè)城市),分析2004-2013年共10年間的SO2、NO2、PM10三種常規(guī)污染物的空間分布特征及演化趨勢,并選取人口城鎮(zhèn)化率、城市人口規(guī)模、建成區(qū)面積和第二產(chǎn)業(yè)比重等四個(gè)表征城市社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平的指標(biāo)來判定其對空氣質(zhì)量的影響,進(jìn)而以城市化率和人均GDP為主解釋變量,分別構(gòu)建普遍面板回歸模型和空間計(jì)量面板模型進(jìn)行城市化對空氣環(huán)境影響的EKC檢驗(yàn)；最后,利用面板向量自回歸模型(PVAR)模型和耦合協(xié)調(diào)模型(CCDM)探討了城市化與空氣環(huán)境兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)之間的響應(yīng)規(guī)律和耦合協(xié)調(diào)模式,并為我國新型城鎮(zhèn)化的發(fā)展提出了相應(yīng)建議。論文的主要工作和取得的結(jié)論如下：(1)系統(tǒng)揭示了三種主要空氣污染物(SO2、NO2、PM10)在274個(gè)地級市上的10年時(shí)空演化格局。從時(shí)間演化序列來看,全國274個(gè)城市空氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量總體呈現(xiàn)先減緩又加重的時(shí)序演化趨勢,不同污染物之間的演化特征有較大差異,PM1o是三種空氣污染中較為普遍且危害較大的污染物。Daniel趨勢檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,全國城市空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)IAQI總體上呈下降趨勢(有相對好轉(zhuǎn)趨勢,改善城市主要集中在沿海地區(qū))γs秩相關(guān)系數(shù)為-0.648(0.05水平上顯著)。從區(qū)域空間分布來看,城市空氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量分布呈現(xiàn)出顯著的空間異質(zhì)性,且城市空氣污染空間格局未發(fā)生明顯變化,華北地區(qū)(京津冀)及山東部分城市是我國空氣污染相對嚴(yán)重地區(qū),也是當(dāng)前大氣污染協(xié)同防治的關(guān)鍵區(qū)域。其中,SO2空氣質(zhì)量有明顯改善,污染嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)僅零星分布在京津冀和山東的部分地區(qū),西南地區(qū)的污染得到有效控制；NO2污染并沒有顯著改善,區(qū)域污染格局也未發(fā)生根本性變化,華北地區(qū)、山東、長三角是我國NO2主要污染區(qū)域；全國PM10污染呈現(xiàn)先減緩又加重的趨勢,重污染區(qū)域范圍略有減小,并呈現(xiàn)出由集中連片分布變的態(tài)勢(華北的京津冀及山東、西北的新疆甘肅),表明近十年來,我國對PM10的控制并沒有取得顯著性的改善。(2)比較分析了以人均GDP和以城市化率為主導(dǎo)的空氣環(huán)境庫茲涅茨曲線演化規(guī)律。在對面板數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行平穩(wěn)性檢驗(yàn)后,運(yùn)用固定效應(yīng)模型和隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型,將4個(gè)反映環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量指標(biāo)與人均GDP等6個(gè)反映城市(化)發(fā)展的指標(biāo)進(jìn)行回歸擬合。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：不管是在GEKC體系,還是UEKC體系中,我國城市(化)發(fā)展和空氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量之間的關(guān)系并沒有呈現(xiàn)經(jīng)典的倒U型曲線,不同的污染物呈現(xiàn)的演化曲線特征不同。10年間,隨著城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,城市空氣中SO2濃度呈現(xiàn)下降的趨勢,并到達(dá)改善拐點(diǎn),符合倒“N”型曲線(GEKC的惡化拐點(diǎn)和改善拐點(diǎn)分別為15444元和74015元,在UEKC體系中惡化拐點(diǎn)和改善拐點(diǎn)分別為25.7%和59.9%的城市化率)；而對于NO2、PM10濃度及空氣質(zhì)量綜合指數(shù),10年間與城市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展之間呈“U”型關(guān)系,并處于空氣環(huán)境惡化的上升階段,即現(xiàn)階段呈現(xiàn)污染繼續(xù)加重的態(tài)勢(兩個(gè)體系中的惡化拐點(diǎn)依次為19909、40759、44356元和8.8%、45.75%、61%的城市化率),并且沒有到改善拐點(diǎn)的出現(xiàn)。隨著“十二五”以來國家對氮氧化物的總量減排的控制,NO2有迎來改善拐點(diǎn)的趨勢,但PM10的污染將持續(xù)惡化加重,并在新空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)施背景下體現(xiàn)在PM2.5的污染不斷加重。此外,在UEKC體系中,當(dāng)以城鎮(zhèn)化率指標(biāo)為主解釋變量的時(shí)候,人均GDP指標(biāo)在四個(gè)模型中均未通過顯著性檢驗(yàn),也即意味著,從城市化角度出發(fā),探討環(huán)境質(zhì)量的演化特征和規(guī)律是一種值得實(shí)踐驗(yàn)證和科學(xué)模擬的研究思路。(3)構(gòu)建了基于ESDA- Spatial Econometrics的空氣質(zhì)量演化的環(huán)境庫茲涅茨曲線新的分析框架。ESDA的全局空間相關(guān)性分析顯示空氣污染存在顯著的空間正相關(guān)性,適合空間計(jì)量回歸檢驗(yàn);局域空間相關(guān)性分析顯示空氣環(huán)境指標(biāo)的高污染聚集區(qū)在不同年份有一定的轉(zhuǎn)移趨勢,并主要分布在華北的京津冀以及山東、河南等鄰接區(qū)域,并且低低集聚的空氣質(zhì)量較優(yōu)城市范圍和數(shù)量有一定的擴(kuò)大。建立空間環(huán)境庫茲涅茨曲線回歸模型(Spatial Econometrics Model),發(fā)現(xiàn)空氣質(zhì)量濃度水平與城市化率、人均GDP、建成區(qū)面積及產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變動息息相關(guān)。從空間自回歸系數(shù)來看,不管是在SGEKC還是SUEKC體系中,均有p IAQIp PM10p NO2p SO2,(后三者較為接近,約為0.25左右),且均通過了1%水平的顯著性檢驗(yàn),表明城市空氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量的IAQI綜合值,受相鄰城市的空氣污染物擴(kuò)散影響高于單一的一種污染物的空間效應(yīng)值,是一個(gè)綜合影響的結(jié)果。與普遍面板檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果相似的是,在現(xiàn)階段我國城市的人均收入、城市化發(fā)展和城市空氣質(zhì)量(SO2, NO2, PM10, IAQI)之間存在倒“N”型或“U形”曲線關(guān)系,并處于環(huán)境惡化的上升階段,沒有出現(xiàn)經(jīng)典的倒“U”型曲線規(guī)律。但是在考慮空間計(jì)量面板考慮城市間相互作用因素后,模型中由好變壞的惡化拐點(diǎn)提前、由壞轉(zhuǎn)好的改善拐點(diǎn)滯后,說明城市間大氣污染物的擴(kuò)散加速了空氣質(zhì)量的惡化,相應(yīng)的又一定程度上延緩了空氣質(zhì)量的改善。也進(jìn)一步表明單一城市的空氣質(zhì)量改善難度極大,并有可能受外在城市干擾影響最終空氣質(zhì)量結(jié)果。治理空氣污染,區(qū)域間聯(lián)防聯(lián)控勢在必行。(4)基于面板向量自回歸模型(PVAR)闡述了城市化發(fā)展與空氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量的雙向作用響應(yīng)關(guān)系。運(yùn)用2004-2013年274個(gè)城市的面板數(shù)據(jù),將四種空氣環(huán)境指標(biāo)與人口城鎮(zhèn)化率進(jìn)行脈沖響應(yīng)估計(jì),并分析東、中、西部地區(qū)以及沿海和內(nèi)陸的空氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量與城市化發(fā)展的雙向動態(tài)耦合特征。結(jié)果表明,區(qū)域城市化發(fā)展與空氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量之間存在著雙向互動關(guān)系,不僅城市化發(fā)展是空氣質(zhì)量變化的重要原因,空氣質(zhì)量的惡化對城市化發(fā)展的反向作用也非常顯著。通過脈沖響應(yīng)分析可以看出,我國東、中、西部地區(qū)城市化發(fā)展與空氣環(huán)境之間的相互作用關(guān)系存在顯著的區(qū)域差異性。東西部地區(qū)城市化發(fā)展與空氣環(huán)境之間的矛盾最為突出,中部相對較弱。這也體現(xiàn)了三大區(qū)域中,城市化發(fā)展與空氣環(huán)境之間雙向耦合關(guān)系的不同發(fā)展階段。東、西部地區(qū)仍處在城市化發(fā)展導(dǎo)致空氣環(huán)境污染加劇,空氣環(huán)境惡化抑制城市化發(fā)展的相互抑制階段,處在較低層次。不同污染物在不同地區(qū)的沖擊響應(yīng)和預(yù)測方差分解結(jié)果是不一致的�？偟膩砜�,城市化對空氣環(huán)境指標(biāo)的沖擊影響是PM10NO2SO2,除了西部地區(qū)城市隨著人口城鎮(zhèn)化率的提升對SO2有一定抑制作用外,其他地區(qū)的城市都在不同程度上對空氣質(zhì)量有惡化作用；而在反饋?zhàn)饔蒙?除了東部城市的SO2以外,其他地區(qū)的城市空氣環(huán)境指標(biāo)累計(jì)響應(yīng)值均為負(fù)值,表明NO2、PM10和IAQI在不同程度上對城市化水平的提高存在制約效應(yīng),并且這種效應(yīng)隨著時(shí)間效應(yīng)在增強(qiáng)。綜合來看,城市化的過程中不可片面追求城市的人口規(guī)模和經(jīng)濟(jì)密度而忽略環(huán)境污染對人口、經(jīng)濟(jì)集聚的負(fù)面影響。未來,應(yīng)建立城市人口規(guī)模與空氣污染數(shù)據(jù)的動態(tài)關(guān)聯(lián)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng),確定城市化水平和污染閾值,建立人類經(jīng)濟(jì)活動的空間分布和污染的聯(lián)動預(yù)警機(jī)制；并注重降低空氣污染對城市化發(fā)展的負(fù)面影響,在規(guī)劃、產(chǎn)業(yè)、技術(shù)等角度制定相應(yīng)的宏觀調(diào)控策略。(5)動態(tài)評價(jià)了省域尺度的城市化和空氣環(huán)境系統(tǒng)間的耦合協(xié)調(diào)作用過程,并比較了不同省區(qū)的作用關(guān)系和模式差別。遴選出作用于空氣環(huán)境的20個(gè)城市化指標(biāo)和影響城市化的12個(gè)空氣環(huán)境指標(biāo),利用結(jié)構(gòu)熵權(quán)法和均方差決策法確定指標(biāo)權(quán)重,構(gòu)建城市化與空氣環(huán)境的綜合水平評價(jià)體系和耦合協(xié)調(diào)度評價(jià)模型(CCDM)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：①省域城市化綜合水平得分呈現(xiàn)一定的空間差異性和規(guī)律性。其得分分布與中國人口密度對比線(胡煥庸線)的規(guī)律基本一致,并且省域城市化水平呈空間集聚分布態(tài)勢,空間同質(zhì)性在增強(qiáng),各個(gè)省份之間的城市化水平差異在逐漸縮小。未來的城鎮(zhèn)化發(fā)展過程中需注重區(qū)域間的協(xié)調(diào)和空間擴(kuò)散,以實(shí)現(xiàn)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展、縮小地區(qū)差異。②2000-2013年各省區(qū)的城市化與空氣環(huán)境的耦合協(xié)調(diào)模式經(jīng)歷了從不協(xié)調(diào)期向轉(zhuǎn)型期發(fā)展的過程,并沒有出現(xiàn)高級協(xié)調(diào)階段,說明當(dāng)前我國城市化過程中的空氣環(huán)境問題依然矛盾比較突出。從時(shí)序上看,不協(xié)調(diào)期主要集中在2005年以前,2006年以后則有半數(shù)以上省區(qū)進(jìn)入了轉(zhuǎn)型期發(fā)展階段;從類型上來看,2006年后,越來越多省區(qū)逐漸進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)間基本協(xié)調(diào)——空氣環(huán)境滯后的轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展期,并于2012年后擺脫不協(xié)調(diào)期,這也意味著“十二五”后,城市化的發(fā)展與空氣環(huán)境系統(tǒng)間逐漸保持基本協(xié)調(diào)的發(fā)展態(tài)勢。因此,未來,推進(jìn)新型城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè),要控制適度規(guī)模的人口城鎮(zhèn)化、不斷完善城市的功能結(jié)構(gòu),并注重空氣質(zhì)量改善的區(qū)域協(xié)同。論文的主要創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)在于：利用空間分析方法和空間計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)模型,以城市化為主要解釋變量,發(fā)展并延伸空氣污染的環(huán)境庫茲涅茨曲線理論�？紤]到城鎮(zhèn)化等社會經(jīng)濟(jì)因素和大氣環(huán)流、不同季節(jié)氣候氣溫等自然因素共同對不同時(shí)期城市環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生影響,未來的研究不僅需聚焦城市規(guī)模、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型升級與空氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量的關(guān)系機(jī)理探討,還需要在空間計(jì)量模型中完善嵌入有風(fēng)速、風(fēng)向等自然要素的空間關(guān)系權(quán)重矩陣。
[Abstract]:Air pollution is one of the main environmental pollution has been a global problem, academic, social common concern and governments all over the world. Since 1978, China since the reform and opening up and rapid economic development, energy efficiency, pollution emissions, serious worsening of the ecological environment including air pollution, change, and lead to haze and other air pollution incidents become fast the city in the process of the "new normal". At the same time, in the industrial transformation and upgrading in the process of China, with "Beijing Tianjin Hebei collaborative development", "The Belt and Road construction", "the Yangtze River economic belt development" three strategy forward, a new road to industrialization, regional coordinated development, ecological civilization construction puts forward new requirements to improve the air quality of the environment in city. Therefore, the study of relations between the city and the ambient air, is not only a new city under the background of ecological environment and the coupling relationship between An important extension, but also to guide and provide an important basis for future environmental policy and sustainable development of the city. In the face of a rapid economic growth, rapid increase of city but the new normal, deterioration of the environment in China, air pollution and city economic growth, exactly what kind of relationship between city development and rapid development of the city? Will cause the air pollution of the environment worsening, or may eventually bring air environment, how the interaction mechanism of the two? Worthy of further discussion. Based on this, this paper Chinese prefecture level city as the main research object (based on continuity index data were screened in 274, a total of 2004-2013 years of city) 10 years of SO2, NO2, spatial distribution characteristics and evolution trend of PM10 of three kinds of conventional pollutants, and selected population urbanization rate, city population size, built-up area and the The proportion of the two industry and the four level of social and economic development of the city characterized indicators to determine its impact on air quality, and then to the city rate and per capita GDP as explanatory variables, respectively construct general panel regression model and spatial econometric model of city panel EKC test on air environmental impact; finally, using panel vector autoregression model (PVAR) model and coupling coordination model (CCDM) is discussed between the city and the air environment of the two systems response rules and coordination mode, and puts forward some corresponding suggestions for the development of new urbanization in China. The main work and the conclusions are as follows: (1) the system reveals three the main air pollutants (SO2, NO2, PM10) 10 years evolution pattern in 274 cities. The evolution from time series, the overall air quality in 274 city decreased slowly and aggravated Temporal evolution, evolution characteristics between different pollutants are quite different, PM1o is the three air pollution and harmful pollutants are relatively common in larger.Daniel trend test results show that the city air quality index IAQI decreased (relative improvement trend, improve the city mainly concentrated in the coastal areas) gamma s rank correlation the coefficient of -0.648 (0.05 level). From the view of spatial distribution, the air environment quality of city distribution showed a significant spatial heterogeneity, and air pollution in the city spatial pattern did not change significantly in North China (Tianjin) part of the city and Shandong is China's air pollution is relatively serious area, but also the current collaborative air pollution key areas of prevention and treatment. Among them, SO2 improved air quality, some areas polluted areas only scattered in the Beijing Tianjin Hebei and Shandong, Southwest China Pollution control; NO2 pollution and no significant improvement, the regional pollution pattern has not fundamentally changed, North China, Shandong, the Yangtze River Delta is the main pollution regions of China NO2; the PM10 pollution has aggravated the trend to slow down, reduce the heavy pollution area slightly, and shown by concentrated distribution trend (north of Beijing Tianjin Hebei and Shandong, northwest of Xinjiang, Gansu) showed that over the past ten years, the control of PM10 in China has not achieved significant improvement. (2) a comparative analysis of the evolution of the per capita GDP and city rate as the leading air environmental Kuznets curve law. In the stability test of panel data, using the fixed effect model and random effect model, the 4 reflect the environmental air quality index and per capita GDP reflecting the 6 city (of) the development of index regression. Results showed: whether in G EKC system or UEKC system, our country city (of) the relationship between the development and the environmental air quality did not show the inverted U curve classic, showing different characteristics of different pollutants evolution curve of.10 years, with the development of city economy, declining trend of SO2 concentration in the air of city, and to improve the inflection point and in accordance with the inverted "N" curve (GEKC inflection point and improve the deterioration of the inflection point is 15444 yuan and 74015 yuan, in the UEKC system and improve the inflection point inflection point is the deterioration of the city rate of 25.7% and 59.9%); and for NO2, PM10 concentration and air quality index, a "U" relationship between the 10 with the economic development of the city, and in the air environment is rising stage, the present situation of pollution continues to increase (two in the system of the deterioration of inflection point were 199094075944356 yuan and 8.8%, 45.75%, 61%, and the rate of the city) And not to improve the inflection point. With the "state control of nitrogen oxides emissions in 12th Five-Year since, NO2 has ushered in the improvement inflection point trend, but PM10 pollution will continue to deteriorate worse, and implement in the new air quality standards under the background reflected in the pollution of PM2.5 constantly aggravated. In addition, in the UEKC system when, with the urbanization rate index as explanatory variables, the per capita GDP in the four model did not pass the significance test, which means that, starting from the perspective of city, evolution characteristics and laws of the environmental quality is a kind of value in practice and scientific research ideas to verify simulation (3). The construction of global spatial correlation analysis framework of.ESDA ESDA- Spatial Econometrics of the environmental Kuznets curve of air quality evolution based on a new analysis shows that the air pollution there is significant spatial correlation, suitable for space design Regression analysis showed that the local spatial correlation test; high pollution zone air environmental indicators have a certain trend in different years, and mainly distributed in the north of the Beijing Tianjin and Shandong, Henan and other neighboring regions, and the low concentration of air quality is excellent and the city scope have expanded volume. To establish the space environment of Kuznets curve regression model (Spatial Econometrics Model), found that the level of air quality concentration and city rate, per capita GDP, built-up area and industrial structure changes are closely related. From the spatial autoregressive coefficient, whether on SGEKC or SUEKC system, IAQIp PM10p NO2p had P SO2, (the latter three are relatively close, about 0.25 about), and through the test of significance level of 1%, indicating that the air quality of city environment comprehensive value IAQI, adjacent to the city by air pollutants diffusion effect is higher than that of single The spatial effect of a pollutant, is a comprehensive result. Similar to common panel inspection results is that China's per capita income of the city at the present stage, city development and city air quality (SO2, NO2, PM10, IAQI) there is a "N" or "U" shape curve between the deterioration of the environment and in the rising stage, did not appear to curve the classic inverted "U" type. But considering the spatial econometric panel considering the interaction between the factors of the city, in the model is good deterioration inflection point in advance, lag from worse to better improve the inflection point, illustrate the diffusion of atmospheric pollutants between the city worsened the quality of the air, and to a certain extent on the corresponding delay to improve air quality. It further shows that a single city's air quality improvement is extremely difficult, and may be affected by external interference affects the air quality of city governance results. Air pollution, regional joint prevention and control is imperative. (4) the panel vector autoregression model (PVAR) describes the response of dual role of city development and the environmental air quality. Using the panel data of 274 years 2004-2013 City, four kinds of air environmental indicators and population urbanization rate of the impulse response estimation. And the analysis of East, West and the dynamic feature of two-way coupling development of air environmental quality and city of coastal and inland. The results show that the two-way interaction between regional city development and the air quality of the environment, not only the development of city is an important reason for air quality changes, reverse the deterioration of air quality in the city the development is also very significant. Through the impulse response analysis can be seen in the East China, and the relationship between the western region of the city development and the air environment are significant The regional difference. The contradiction between the eastern region of the city development and the air environment is most prominent, but weak in the middle. It also reflects the three regions in different stages of development of two-way coupling relationship between city development and the air environment. The East, western region is still in the city development lead to air pollution intensifies, air environment deterioration of mutual inhibition phase inhibition of city development, at the lower level. Different pollutants in different regions of the impulse response and variance decomposition results are not consistent. In general, the city air environment refers to the influence of the impact of standard is PM10NO2SO2, in addition to city of the western region with the population to improve the urbanization rate has certain inhibition the role of SO2 and other areas of the city are in varying degrees of air quality deterioration effect; while in the feedback effect, in addition to the eastern city of SO2, the City air environmental indicators he area cumulative response value was negative, indicating that NO2, PM10 and IAQI in different degree of city improvement has restricted effect, and this effect with time effect is enhanced. On the whole, can not be one-sided pursuit of population size and density of the city economy and ignore the environmental pollution on the population process in the city, the negative impact of economic agglomeration. The future should be the dynamic association monitoring system established city population scale and the air pollution data, determine the city level and pollution threshold, linkage establishing early warning mechanism of human economic activities, spatial distribution and pollution; and to reduce air pollution to the negative impact, City Development in the planning, industry, technology point of view to formulate macro-control strategies. (5) the dynamic evaluation of coupling coordination function of city provincial scale and air environment between systems The process, and compares the role relationship and pattern in different provinces. Select the role in the air environment of the 20 city index and the influence of the 12 city air environmental indicators, determine the index weight using entropy method and mean variance decision method, coordination evaluation model and the comprehensive level of construction of city air environment the evaluation system and the coupling (CCDM). Results: the province level city domain scores showed some differences in space and regularity. The score distribution and China population density contrast line (Hu Huanyong line) the law is consistent, and the provincial city level is the distribution of the spatial agglomeration trend, spatial homogeneity in the enhancement of city level differences between all provinces in the region gradually reduced. Attention should be paid to the coordination between urbanization and spatial diffusion in the course of future development, to achieve coordinated regional development, reduce regional difference Different. And the coupling coordination model of city air environment of 2000-2013 provinces experienced a process of development to the transition period never coordinated, and no advanced stage of coordination, indicating the air current environmental problems in the process of our city is still more prominent contradictions. In order from the point of view, uncoordinated period mainly concentrated before 2005, after 2006 more than half of the provinces into the transition stage of development; from the type of view, after 2006, more and more provinces gradually into the system of basic coordination development -- air environment lag, and get rid of disharmony in 2012, this also means

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F299.2;X51
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本文編號：1449360