兒童習得性姿勢控制異常（APCA）分析與運動干預(yù)的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-31 08:03
【摘要】：姿勢控制是人類的基本運動能力之一,人類通過姿勢控制維護重心與支持面之間的關(guān)系,使身體恢復(fù)或維持平衡,以預(yù)防跌倒并完成既定的任務(wù)。學(xué)前期和學(xué)齡期是大肌肉運動發(fā)展的敏感期也是姿勢控制功能發(fā)育的不穩(wěn)定期。異常身體姿勢直接影響著少年兒童身體形態(tài)正常發(fā)育和良好氣質(zhì)形象的養(yǎng)成。然而,目前對兒童體質(zhì)健康狀況的評價普遍依據(jù)《國家學(xué)生體質(zhì)健康標準》,身體姿勢測評并未列入其中。目的:探討動作技能學(xué)習與神經(jīng)肌肉骨骼系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)及變化機制之間相互關(guān)系,并通過實驗驗證單一動作技能習得引發(fā)的姿勢控制異�，F(xiàn)象,并證實關(guān)節(jié)肌群協(xié)同收縮模式的改變是兒童群體姿勢控制異常調(diào)節(jié)的重要影響因素,從而提出兒童體育與健康課程中動作技能教學(xué)的實施策略。方法:采用文獻法、訪談?wù){(diào)查法、實驗研究法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法,邏輯分析法對所選的學(xué)齡兒童群體進行研究,分組開展兩類各為期12周的單因素等組前測后測干預(yù)實驗設(shè)計。并采用體姿圖對受試者身體姿勢進行評定;采用便攜式肌力與關(guān)節(jié)活動度測試計對髖關(guān)節(jié)旋內(nèi)、旋外,膝關(guān)節(jié)屈、伸,踝關(guān)節(jié)背屈、跖屈時最大等長收縮肌力進行測試;選用比利時Footscan平板式壓力測量系統(tǒng),測試人體行走運動中足底壓力和步態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)以及采用Y Balance Test平衡測試儀測試下肢關(guān)節(jié)活動度與肢體對稱性數(shù)據(jù)。并對上述數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析,進而驗證兒童在生長發(fā)育過程中存在“習得性姿勢控制異�！爆F(xiàn)象。隨后采用基于“交互抑制”原理的動作模式練習對“實驗A”中的兩個實驗組人群運動干預(yù)的效果進行比較與分析。結(jié)果:1、單一動作技能習得對兒童姿勢控制能力影響實驗(實驗A)中,乒乓球、足球?qū)嶒灲M與對照組相比較,實驗后足底壓力峰值、足底分區(qū)面積、步態(tài)周期分段(支撐期、擺動期、雙支撐期)、步長、足著地周期分段(足跟著地期、全足支撐期、足前掌著地期)等指標數(shù)據(jù)變化都呈現(xiàn)統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異。而“身體姿勢”測試數(shù)據(jù)表明,兩個實驗組對象在實驗后并未出現(xiàn)骨骼肌肉系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的統(tǒng)計學(xué)變化。2、矯正動作練習對兒童習得性姿勢控制異常問題改善的驗證實驗(實驗B)中,乒乓球、足球?qū)嶒灲M與其對應(yīng)對照組相比較,僅僅在足跟區(qū)域接觸面積指標百分比的數(shù)據(jù)變化方面呈現(xiàn)統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異,且與其在“實驗A”中的變化呈相反趨勢。與此同時,在實驗后乒乓球和足球?qū)嶒灲M的足底受力峰值指標“平均數(shù)”值變化均呈相反趨勢,但差異不存在統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。而下肢髖、膝、踝關(guān)節(jié)“最大等長收縮肌力”數(shù)據(jù)表明,兩個實驗組對象在實驗前后并未出現(xiàn)統(tǒng)計學(xué)變化。結(jié)論:1、本研究通過實驗證實:長期單一動作技能習得過程中,反復(fù)使用的關(guān)節(jié)會出現(xiàn)固定的主動肌與拮抗肌協(xié)同收縮模式和最大等長肌力的改變,引發(fā)預(yù)先基礎(chǔ)動作受限或失衡所導(dǎo)致的動作代償,從而誘發(fā)姿勢控制異�，F(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。鑒于導(dǎo)致異常的原因來自于動作技能習得過程而不是先天遺傳因素或者后天的疾病、損傷、環(huán)境壓力等獲得性因素,因此界定其為“習得性姿勢控制異常”現(xiàn)象。2、在分析習得性姿勢控制異常的誘因基礎(chǔ)上,通過實驗證實基于“交互抑制”原理的關(guān)節(jié)肌群協(xié)同收縮模式的改變(首先抑制同一關(guān)節(jié)主動肌的活動,然后促進其拮抗肌的收縮活動,最后完成拮抗肌的抗阻收縮活動,從而促進正常姿勢控制的形成)是兒童群體姿勢控制異常調(diào)節(jié)的重要影響因素。3、異常身體姿勢是影響身體形態(tài)正常發(fā)育的一個重要方面。學(xué)齡兒童(7歲左右)姿勢控制能力尚未發(fā)育成熟,因此,在對其進行體質(zhì)與健康測評時,需要重視其姿勢控制能力的測評。4、足底壓力測試和步態(tài)分析有助于揭示足的結(jié)構(gòu)與體姿變化之間的關(guān)系,這對我國青少年體質(zhì)健康測評具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Postural control is one of the basic sports abilities of human beings. Human beings maintain the relationship between the center of gravity and the support surface through the posture control, and make the body restore or maintain the balance in order to prevent the fall and complete the established task. The sensitive period of the development of the large muscle movement is also the unstable period of the postural control function development. Postures directly affect the normal physical development of children and the formation of the image of good temperament. However, the assessment of the physical health of children is generally based on the national standard of physical health of the national students, and the assessment of body posture is not included. The relationship between them, and the experimental verification of the abnormal posture control caused by the acquisition of single action skills, and confirmed that the change of the cooperative contraction mode of the joint muscle group is an important influence factor of the abnormal adjustment of the postural control of the children, and then puts forward the implementation strategy of the action skill teaching in the children's physical education and health course. The method of presentation, interview and investigation, experimental research, mathematical statistics, and logical analysis were used to study the group of school-age children selected. Two kinds of single factor pre test intervention experiments were designed in groups for 12 weeks, and the body posture was used to determine the body posture of the subjects; the portable muscle strength and joint mobility test were used. The flexion and flexion of the knee joint, flexion, extension, flexion of the knee joint, the maximum isometric muscle strength of the metatarsal flexion were tested, and the Belgian Footscan plate pressure measurement system was selected to test the foot pressure and gait data in the body walking and the Y Balance Test balance test instrument to measure the limb joint activity and the number of limbs symmetries According to the statistical analysis of the above data, the phenomenon of "abnormality of acquired posture control" in the growth and development of children was verified. Then the action pattern practice based on the principle of "interaction inhibition" was used to compare and analyze the effect of movement intervention on two experimental groups in "experimental A". Results: 1, single motion. The effect of skill acquisition on children's ability to control postural control (Experiment A), table tennis, football experimental group compared with the control group, after the experiment, the peak pressure of the foot, the area of the foot, the step of the gait period (the support period, the swing period, the double support period), the step length, the foot period, the foot period, the full foot support period, the foot in the foreground period, etc. The changes in the index data showed statistical differences. The "body posture" test data showed that the two experimental groups did not have statistical changes in the skeletal muscle system structure after the experiment, and the corrective action exercises were verified by the corrective action exercises on the improvement of children's acquired postural control (Experiment B), table tennis, football experiment group and the two Compared with the control group, there is a statistical difference in the data change of the percentage of the contact area of the heel area only, and it is opposite to the change in the "experimental A". At the same time, after the experiment, the variation of the mean value of the peak stress index of the table tennis and the football experiment group is the opposite, but the difference between the experimental group and the experimental group is the opposite. There was no statistical significance. The data of the maximum isometric contraction of the hip, knee and ankle in the lower extremities showed that there were no statistical changes in the two experimental groups before and after the experiment. Conclusion: 1. This study proved that in the process of long term single skill acquisition, the anti reused joints would appear fixed active and antagonist muscles. The change of synergetic contraction patterns and maximum isometric muscle strength, triggering action compensation caused by limited or unbalanced advance movements, which leads to the occurrence of abnormal posture control, given that the cause of the abnormality comes from the acquisition process of the action skill rather than the congenital genetic factors or the acquired disease, injury, and environmental pressure. As a result,.2 is defined as a "acquired postural control anomaly". On the basis of the analysis of the causes of the abnormal acquisition of acquired postural control, the change of the cooperative contraction mode of the joint muscle group based on the principle of "interaction inhibition" is confirmed by experiments (first restraining the activity of the same joint active muscle, and then promoting the contractile activity of the antagonist muscle, " After completing the resistance and contractile activity of the antagonist muscle, and thus promoting the formation of normal posture control,.3 is an important factor affecting the abnormal adjustment of the postural control in children, and the abnormal body posture is an important aspect of the normal physical development of the body. The ability of controlling the posture of school age children (about 7 years old) is not mature yet. In physical and health assessment, it is necessary to pay attention to the assessment of the ability of the posture control.4. The foot pressure test and gait analysis can help to reveal the relationship between the foot structure and the change of body and posture, which is of great significance to the assessment of the physical and mental health of the young people in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G613.7
本文編號：2154944
[Abstract]:Postural control is one of the basic sports abilities of human beings. Human beings maintain the relationship between the center of gravity and the support surface through the posture control, and make the body restore or maintain the balance in order to prevent the fall and complete the established task. The sensitive period of the development of the large muscle movement is also the unstable period of the postural control function development. Postures directly affect the normal physical development of children and the formation of the image of good temperament. However, the assessment of the physical health of children is generally based on the national standard of physical health of the national students, and the assessment of body posture is not included. The relationship between them, and the experimental verification of the abnormal posture control caused by the acquisition of single action skills, and confirmed that the change of the cooperative contraction mode of the joint muscle group is an important influence factor of the abnormal adjustment of the postural control of the children, and then puts forward the implementation strategy of the action skill teaching in the children's physical education and health course. The method of presentation, interview and investigation, experimental research, mathematical statistics, and logical analysis were used to study the group of school-age children selected. Two kinds of single factor pre test intervention experiments were designed in groups for 12 weeks, and the body posture was used to determine the body posture of the subjects; the portable muscle strength and joint mobility test were used. The flexion and flexion of the knee joint, flexion, extension, flexion of the knee joint, the maximum isometric muscle strength of the metatarsal flexion were tested, and the Belgian Footscan plate pressure measurement system was selected to test the foot pressure and gait data in the body walking and the Y Balance Test balance test instrument to measure the limb joint activity and the number of limbs symmetries According to the statistical analysis of the above data, the phenomenon of "abnormality of acquired posture control" in the growth and development of children was verified. Then the action pattern practice based on the principle of "interaction inhibition" was used to compare and analyze the effect of movement intervention on two experimental groups in "experimental A". Results: 1, single motion. The effect of skill acquisition on children's ability to control postural control (Experiment A), table tennis, football experimental group compared with the control group, after the experiment, the peak pressure of the foot, the area of the foot, the step of the gait period (the support period, the swing period, the double support period), the step length, the foot period, the foot period, the full foot support period, the foot in the foreground period, etc. The changes in the index data showed statistical differences. The "body posture" test data showed that the two experimental groups did not have statistical changes in the skeletal muscle system structure after the experiment, and the corrective action exercises were verified by the corrective action exercises on the improvement of children's acquired postural control (Experiment B), table tennis, football experiment group and the two Compared with the control group, there is a statistical difference in the data change of the percentage of the contact area of the heel area only, and it is opposite to the change in the "experimental A". At the same time, after the experiment, the variation of the mean value of the peak stress index of the table tennis and the football experiment group is the opposite, but the difference between the experimental group and the experimental group is the opposite. There was no statistical significance. The data of the maximum isometric contraction of the hip, knee and ankle in the lower extremities showed that there were no statistical changes in the two experimental groups before and after the experiment. Conclusion: 1. This study proved that in the process of long term single skill acquisition, the anti reused joints would appear fixed active and antagonist muscles. The change of synergetic contraction patterns and maximum isometric muscle strength, triggering action compensation caused by limited or unbalanced advance movements, which leads to the occurrence of abnormal posture control, given that the cause of the abnormality comes from the acquisition process of the action skill rather than the congenital genetic factors or the acquired disease, injury, and environmental pressure. As a result,.2 is defined as a "acquired postural control anomaly". On the basis of the analysis of the causes of the abnormal acquisition of acquired postural control, the change of the cooperative contraction mode of the joint muscle group based on the principle of "interaction inhibition" is confirmed by experiments (first restraining the activity of the same joint active muscle, and then promoting the contractile activity of the antagonist muscle, " After completing the resistance and contractile activity of the antagonist muscle, and thus promoting the formation of normal posture control,.3 is an important factor affecting the abnormal adjustment of the postural control in children, and the abnormal body posture is an important aspect of the normal physical development of the body. The ability of controlling the posture of school age children (about 7 years old) is not mature yet. In physical and health assessment, it is necessary to pay attention to the assessment of the ability of the posture control.4. The foot pressure test and gait analysis can help to reveal the relationship between the foot structure and the change of body and posture, which is of great significance to the assessment of the physical and mental health of the young people in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G613.7
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