【摘要】：目的：本研究針對單純性肥胖小學生實施課外體育鍛煉的運動干預,以探索“小力量結合有氧運動”對單純性肥胖小學生身體形態(tài)、身體機能和身體素質是否有影響,為超重和肥胖小學生改善身體肥胖狀況、增強體質提供有力的實驗依據(jù),并為學校體育在增強肥胖小學生體質健康的作用提供參考。方法：本研究以揚州市某小學五年級肥胖男生為實驗對象,按照自愿原則隨機分為肥胖對照組14人和肥胖運動干預組20人。運動干預前統(tǒng)一測試其身體形態(tài)(身高、體重、身體質量指數(shù)BMI、體脂率、腰圍、臀圍)、身體機能(肺活量和肺活量體重指數(shù))、身體素質(50米跑、50*8往返跑、1min跳繩)。12周“小力量結合有氧運動”干預后再同樣測量以上體質健康指標,并對干預前后的體質健康數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計分析。結果： (1)揚州市某小學男生超重和肥胖率為19.25%、女生超重和肥胖率為13.2%,男生超重和肥胖較女生多。 (2)與正常體重學生相比,肥胖學生平均身高、體重和身體質量指數(shù)BMI值均非常顯著性高于正常體重學生(p0.01)；肥胖學生肺活量與正常體重組無顯著性差異(p0.05),但肺活量體重指數(shù)非常顯著性低于正常體重組(p0.01)；肥胖學生50米跑、50*8往返跑和1min仰臥起坐成績均非常顯著性低于正常體重學生(p0.01),1min跳繩肥胖學生也顯著性少于正常體重組(p0.05),坐位體前屈成績與正常體重學生沒有顯著性差異(p0.05)。(3)揚州市某小學五年級肥胖男生運動干預前后的結果顯示,與干預前相比,12周運動干預后,肥胖干預組男生的體重、BMI值、腰圍、臀圍、腰臀圍比和體脂率都有非常顯著性減小(p0.01)；肺活量和肺活量體重指數(shù)也非常顯著性差異增加(p0.01)；50米跑和1min跳繩成績也都有顯著性提高(p0.05),50*8往返跑成績干預后有提高,但沒有統(tǒng)計學顯著性(p0.05)。結論： (1)揚州市某小學學生超重和肥胖率較高,且隨著年級的增長,超重和肥胖的比率也增加,肥胖學生除了平均身高比正常體重學生高以外,身體機能、身體素質普遍比正常學生差,特別是身體機能中的肺活量體重指數(shù)和身體素質中的爆發(fā)力、速度耐力性項目表現(xiàn)的尤為明顯。 (2)12周課外體育鍛煉可以有效地降低肥胖學生的體重和體脂,改善肥胖小學生的身體形態(tài)；同時有效增強了肥胖學生的肺活量,提高了肥胖學生速度、力量和耐力等身體素質水平。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the effect of "small strength combined with aerobic exercise" on the body shape, body function and physical quality of simple obese pupils by taking extracurricular physical exercise intervention in order to explore whether "small strength combined with aerobic exercise" has influence on the body shape, body function and physical quality of the pupils with simple obesity. It provides a powerful experimental basis for the overweight and obese pupils to improve the status of obesity and strengthen their physique, and provides a reference for the role of school physical education in enhancing the physical health of obese pupils. Methods: obesity boys were randomly divided into obesity control group (n = 14) and obese exercise intervention group (n = 20) according to voluntary principle. The body shape (height, body weight, body mass index (BMI,), waist circumference, hip circumference), body function (vital capacity and vital capacity body mass index), physical fitness (50m running, 50m running), body mass index (BVI), body mass index (BMI), body fat rate, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured before exercise intervention. After 12 weeks of "small strength combined with aerobic exercise" intervention, the above physical health indexes were also measured, and the physical health data before and after the intervention were statistically analyzed. Results: (1) the rate of overweight and obesity was 19.25 for boys and 13.2for girls in a primary school in Yangzhou. There were more overweight and obesity in boys than in girls. (2) compared with normal weight students, the average height, weight and body mass index (BMI) of obese students were significantly higher than those of normal weight students (p0.01); There was no significant difference in vital capacity between obese students and normal weight group (p0.05), but the vital capacity body mass index was significantly lower than that of normal weight group (p0.01). The scores of 50 meters running, 50 + 8 round trip and 1min sit-ups of obese students were significantly lower than those of normal weight students (p0.01), and those of obese students with 1min skipping were significantly lower than those of normal weight group (p0.05). There was no significant difference between sitting position and normal body weight students (p0. 05). (3). The results before and after exercise intervention of obese boys in a fifth grade primary school in Yangzhou showed that after 12 weeks exercise intervention, there was no significant difference between before and after intervention. The body weight, BMI value, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio and body fat rate were significantly decreased in obesity intervention group (p0.01). Vital capacity and vital capacity body mass index also increased significantly (p0.01). The results of 50m race and 1min rope skipping were also significantly improved (p0.05), but not statistically significant (p0.05). Conclusion: (1) the rate of overweight and obesity is higher in some primary school students in Yangzhou, and with the increase of grade, the ratio of overweight and obesity also increases. In addition to average height higher than normal weight students, obese students have physical function. The physical quality of students is generally worse than that of normal students, especially the vital capacity, body mass index and explosive power in physical function, especially in speed endurance. (2) physical exercise after 12 weeks of extracurricular exercise can effectively reduce the weight and body fat of obese students and improve the body shape of obese pupils; At the same time, it can effectively enhance the vital capacity of obese students, and improve the physical quality of obese students, such as speed, strength and endurance.
【學位授予單位】：揚州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：G623.8

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