【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,時代變遷,傳統(tǒng)家庭模式解體,雙職工家庭的比例上升,而國家推行的減負(fù)政策致使學(xué)齡兒童在校時間縮短,學(xué)生放學(xué)后的真空期成為了大部分家長難題。由于目前公共教育體制僵化,導(dǎo)致無法適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代社會發(fā)展需要。政府為了解決這項重大的民生問題,教育部開始在全國部分地區(qū)試點,推行學(xué)校課后托管政策,此項政策是目前解決學(xué)齡兒童家長三點半接孩子難的重要探索。北京市政府自2014年起推行《義務(wù)教育階段推行中小學(xué)生課外活動計劃》政策,簡稱"課后一小時活動"。北京市小學(xué)"課后一小時活動"不僅為了提高學(xué)生的綜合素質(zhì),滿足學(xué)生的全面發(fā)展和個性化發(fā)展,而且以活動作為切入點,解決了孩子放學(xué)后托管問題。本研究通過對現(xiàn)有的文獻資料進行梳理,在政策文本分析的基礎(chǔ)上,并且對朝陽區(qū)P小學(xué)進行實地調(diào)研,了解該校實施"課后一小時活動"政策的具體情況,得到第一手調(diào)查資料。結(jié)果顯示:"課后一小時活動""非常受學(xué)生家長的歡迎,學(xué)生參與度在80%以上;校方非常重視課外活動,學(xué)校教師對于課外活動服務(wù)意愿程度各有不同,總體達到預(yù)期的效果,為進一步推行"課后一小時活動"起到了促進作用。但在實施過程中,也存在因場地受限、經(jīng)費不足、教師緊缺而被迫取消一些活動的現(xiàn)實問題。筆者認(rèn)為,政府需要采取適當(dāng)措施促進"課后一小時活動"開展,對公立學(xué)校體制內(nèi)的僵化制度進行松綁,實行彈性離校;拓寬實施主體范圍,建立學(xué)校、社區(qū)、公共服務(wù)機構(gòu)多元托管模式;完善課外活動的配套政策。同時構(gòu)建高效多元化的教師隊伍,加強高校和家校合作,增加教師編制;發(fā)揮教育合力,統(tǒng)籌教育資源等。此外政府還需加大專項經(jīng)費支持力度,嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行專款專項制度,通過企業(yè)贊助以及學(xué)校實行差額付費等措施彌補資金不足的問題,切實解決學(xué)校"課后一小時活動"實施過程中存在的現(xiàn)實問題,從而促使此項政策有效達成。目前我國公立學(xué)校課后托管政策還處于起步探索階段,尚未成型,在借鑒發(fā)達國家的成功經(jīng)驗同時,關(guān)鍵要結(jié)合我國基礎(chǔ)教育的具體情況,尤其是城鄉(xiāng)教育差異大等原因進行規(guī)劃,政府需要建立一套完整、科學(xué)、系統(tǒng)的政策,為課后托管在全國范圍內(nèi)實施提供保障。
[Abstract]:With the development of our country's economy, the change of times, the disintegration of traditional family mode, and the increase of the proportion of dual-worker families, the school time of school-age children is shortened because of the national policy of reducing the burden, and the vacuum period of students after school has become a difficult problem for most parents. As the current public education system is rigid, it can not adapt to the needs of modern social development. In order to solve this major livelihood problem, the Ministry of Education has begun to pilot the school after-school trusteeship policy in some parts of the country. This policy is an important exploration to solve the problem for parents of school-age children to pick up their children at 03:30. Since 2014, the Beijing Municipal Government has implemented the "Primary and Secondary School students' extracurricular activities Program", which is called "one hour of after-school activities". The "one hour activity after class" in Beijing elementary school not only aims to improve the students' comprehensive quality and satisfy the students' all-round development and individualized development, but also takes the activity as the starting point to solve the problem of children's custody after school. Based on the analysis of the policy text and the field investigation of Chaoyang Primary School P, this study finds out the concrete situation of implementing the policy of "one hour activity after class" in this school. Get first-hand information about the investigation. The results show that "one hour after class" is very popular with parents, and the participation of students is over 80%. The school attaches great importance to extracurricular activities, the school teachers have different willingness to serve extracurricular activities, and generally achieve the expected results, for the further implementation of "one hour after class activities" played a role in promoting. However, in the process of implementation, there are also some practical problems, such as limited space, insufficient funds and shortage of teachers, so they are forced to cancel some activities. The author believes that the government needs to take appropriate measures to promote the "one hour after class activities", the rigid system in the public school system to relax, and flexible school leaving; Broaden the scope of the main implementation, establish schools, communities, public service institutions multi-trusteeship model, improve the policy of extra-curricular activities. At the same time, we should build a high efficiency and diversity of teachers, strengthen the cooperation between colleges and universities, increase the establishment of teachers, bring into play the educational resultant force and coordinate the educational resources. In addition, the government also needs to increase its support for special funds, strictly implement the special fund system, and make up for the lack of funds through such measures as corporate sponsorship and the implementation of balance payments by schools. The practical problems existing in the implementation of "one hour after class activities" should be solved in order to promote the effective implementation of this policy. At present, the after-school trusteeship policy of public schools in our country is still in the initial stage of exploration and has not yet taken shape. At the same time, it is crucial to combine the specific situation of basic education in our country with the successful experience of developed countries. Especially for the reasons of the great difference between urban and rural education, the government needs to establish a set of complete, scientific and systematic policies to guarantee the implementation of after-school trusteeship throughout the country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G629.2

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