成都市主城區(qū)小學大課間體育活動特色的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-03 16:57
【摘要】：隨著改革開放,人類科技日新月異,社會不斷向前發(fā)展,人們的生活水平也越來越高,小學生在享受良好物質(zhì)條件的同時,也面臨著體質(zhì)下降,視力降低、肥胖率增高等不利于學生健康成長的現(xiàn)實狀況。這些年,中國青少年體質(zhì)狀況越發(fā)下降令人擔憂,一份來自教育部的有關報告顯示,中國青少年的耐力素質(zhì)十幾年間越來越差,速度、力量、靈敏和柔韌能力也在逐步下降,偏胖超重的學生人數(shù)逐年增加[1]。近年來征兵,因體質(zhì)不合格而被淘汰的人數(shù)逐年增加,體重普遍超標,視力越來越差,甚至一些多發(fā)于中老年人的頸椎病、腰椎間盤突出癥、骨質(zhì)疏松等也越發(fā)年輕化。這樣嚴峻的現(xiàn)狀讓我們不得不重視我國青少年的體質(zhì)健康問題。身體鍛煉是青少年兒童健康成長的重要組成部分,重視黨中央、國務院的指令,貫徹全國體育會議精神,推進“陽光體育運動”,確保中小學生每天鍛煉1小時,樹立“健康第一”的指導思想。大課間體育活動,是實施教育改革的重要手段,1999年由國家教育部指導在全國各地展開實施�，F(xiàn)在,大課間體育活動時間更長,內(nèi)容更為豐富多彩,組織形式也更加靈活[2];不但可以調(diào)節(jié)上課時緊繃的神經(jīng),提高學習效率,還能增強體質(zhì)陶冶身心;還能拉近師生距離,增進師生感情,促進形成優(yōu)良的校風校貌,同時造就學生自我鍛煉能力和良好的社會適應能力。本文運用了文獻資料法、錄像分析法、專家訪談法以及邏輯分析等研究方法,根據(jù)成都市主城區(qū)各小學所在不同地域和活動特色,選擇了在2014年成都市中小學大課間體育活動(小學組)中獲得一等獎、二等獎的共30所小學作為重點研究對象開展研究。研究結果表明:第一,成都市主城區(qū)小學大課間體育活動目前的開展初具特色:(1)在活動內(nèi)容方面具有多樣化、輻射化以及專一化三種風格;(2)在活動形式上,分為以班級為集體開展活動、以年級為集體開展活動、以活動內(nèi)容相同的為集體開展活動;(3)通過變化活動形式利用場地,通過拓展其它空間利用場地(4)活動評價工作主要有多視角評價、常規(guī)性評價以及激勵性評價三種方式;第二,成都市主城區(qū)小學大課間體育活動的優(yōu)點:(1)參與態(tài)度積極;(2)大部分學校能保證活動時間;(3)不同學校選擇不同的內(nèi)容發(fā)展特色;(4)在組織形式上有突破;(5)成都市主城區(qū)小學大課間體育活動監(jiān)督評價已成雛形。第三,成都市主城區(qū)小學大課間體育活動仍存在一些問題:(1)少數(shù)學校強制縮短活動時間;(2)活動內(nèi)容枯燥,乏味;(3)活動場地不足;(4)活動的監(jiān)督評價系統(tǒng)未形成體系。并在此基礎上提出了成都市主城區(qū)小學大課間體育活動特色發(fā)展的建議:(1)重視發(fā)展有特色的小學大課間體育活動;(2)創(chuàng)編新的活動內(nèi)容;(3)采用新型、靈活的活動形式;(4)不斷改善建立有效的監(jiān)督管理體系,落實評價。
[Abstract]:With the reform and opening up, human science and technology are changing with each passing day, society continues to develop, people's living standards are also getting higher and higher. While the pupils are enjoying good material conditions, they are also faced with the decline of their physique and eyesight. The increase in obesity rate is not conducive to the healthy growth of students. In recent years, the physical condition of Chinese teenagers has become more and more worrisome. A relevant report from the Ministry of Education shows that the endurance quality of Chinese teenagers has been getting worse and worse for more than a decade. The speed, strength, agility and flexibility of Chinese teenagers are also gradually declining. The number of overweight students is increasing year by year. In recent years, the number of soldiers who have been eliminated because of unqualified constitution has increased year by year, the body weight is generally over standard, the vision is getting worse and worse, even some cervical spondylosis, lumbar disc herniation, osteoporosis and so on, which are more and more common in the middle and old people, are also getting younger and younger. Such a grim situation, we have to pay attention to the physical health of young people in our country. Physical exercise is an important part of the healthy growth of teenagers and children. Pay attention to the instructions of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, implement the spirit of the National Sports Conference, promote "sunshine sports," and ensure that primary and secondary school students exercise for one hour a day. Set up the guiding ideology of "health first". Physical activity between classes is an important means to carry out educational reform, which was carried out in 1999 under the guidance of the Ministry of Education. Nowadays, sports activities in large classes are longer, more colorful, and more flexible in organizational form. Not only can they regulate the tense nerves in class and improve their learning efficiency, but they can also strengthen their physique and cultivate their bodies and minds, and they can also close the distance between teachers and students. Promote teachers and students feelings, promote the formation of a good school style school appearance, at the same time bring up students self-exercise ability and good social adaptability. This paper uses the methods of literature, video analysis, expert interview and logic analysis, according to the different regions and activity characteristics of primary schools in the main urban area of Chengdu. In 2014, 30 primary schools in Chengdu were selected to win the first prize and the second prize in the physical education activities between primary and middle schools (primary school group) as the key research objects. The results show that: first, the main urban area of Chengdu primary school sports activities at the beginning of the development of the characteristics: (1) in the content of the activities with diversification, radiation and specialization of three styles; (2) in the form of activities, Activities are divided into classes as a group, grade as a group, and activities with the same content as a group; (III) the use of venues through a variety of activities, Through the expansion of other space use sites (4) the activities of the evaluation work are mainly multi-perspective evaluation, conventional evaluation and incentive evaluation of three ways; second, The advantages of physical activities in primary schools in Chengdu are as follows: (1) positive attitude towards participation; (2) most schools can guarantee the time of activities; (3) different schools choose different characteristics of content development; (4) there is a breakthrough in the form of organization; (5) the main city of Chengdu has a breakthrough. District primary school between classes sports activities supervision and evaluation has become an embryonic form. Third, there are still some problems in the physical activities of primary schools in Chengdu: (1) a few schools force to shorten the time of activities; (2) the content of activities is boring and boring; (3) the activity space is insufficient; (4) the system of monitoring and evaluation of activities is not formed. On the basis of this, the paper puts forward some suggestions for the development of sports activities in the main urban areas of Chengdu: (1) attaching importance to the development of special sports activities in primary schools; (2) creating new contents of activities; (3) adopting new types of sports activities. Flexible form of activities; (4) continuous improvement of the establishment of an effective supervision and management system, implementation of evaluation.
【學位授予單位】：成都體育學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G623.8
本文編號：2220606
[Abstract]:With the reform and opening up, human science and technology are changing with each passing day, society continues to develop, people's living standards are also getting higher and higher. While the pupils are enjoying good material conditions, they are also faced with the decline of their physique and eyesight. The increase in obesity rate is not conducive to the healthy growth of students. In recent years, the physical condition of Chinese teenagers has become more and more worrisome. A relevant report from the Ministry of Education shows that the endurance quality of Chinese teenagers has been getting worse and worse for more than a decade. The speed, strength, agility and flexibility of Chinese teenagers are also gradually declining. The number of overweight students is increasing year by year. In recent years, the number of soldiers who have been eliminated because of unqualified constitution has increased year by year, the body weight is generally over standard, the vision is getting worse and worse, even some cervical spondylosis, lumbar disc herniation, osteoporosis and so on, which are more and more common in the middle and old people, are also getting younger and younger. Such a grim situation, we have to pay attention to the physical health of young people in our country. Physical exercise is an important part of the healthy growth of teenagers and children. Pay attention to the instructions of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, implement the spirit of the National Sports Conference, promote "sunshine sports," and ensure that primary and secondary school students exercise for one hour a day. Set up the guiding ideology of "health first". Physical activity between classes is an important means to carry out educational reform, which was carried out in 1999 under the guidance of the Ministry of Education. Nowadays, sports activities in large classes are longer, more colorful, and more flexible in organizational form. Not only can they regulate the tense nerves in class and improve their learning efficiency, but they can also strengthen their physique and cultivate their bodies and minds, and they can also close the distance between teachers and students. Promote teachers and students feelings, promote the formation of a good school style school appearance, at the same time bring up students self-exercise ability and good social adaptability. This paper uses the methods of literature, video analysis, expert interview and logic analysis, according to the different regions and activity characteristics of primary schools in the main urban area of Chengdu. In 2014, 30 primary schools in Chengdu were selected to win the first prize and the second prize in the physical education activities between primary and middle schools (primary school group) as the key research objects. The results show that: first, the main urban area of Chengdu primary school sports activities at the beginning of the development of the characteristics: (1) in the content of the activities with diversification, radiation and specialization of three styles; (2) in the form of activities, Activities are divided into classes as a group, grade as a group, and activities with the same content as a group; (III) the use of venues through a variety of activities, Through the expansion of other space use sites (4) the activities of the evaluation work are mainly multi-perspective evaluation, conventional evaluation and incentive evaluation of three ways; second, The advantages of physical activities in primary schools in Chengdu are as follows: (1) positive attitude towards participation; (2) most schools can guarantee the time of activities; (3) different schools choose different characteristics of content development; (4) there is a breakthrough in the form of organization; (5) the main city of Chengdu has a breakthrough. District primary school between classes sports activities supervision and evaluation has become an embryonic form. Third, there are still some problems in the physical activities of primary schools in Chengdu: (1) a few schools force to shorten the time of activities; (2) the content of activities is boring and boring; (3) the activity space is insufficient; (4) the system of monitoring and evaluation of activities is not formed. On the basis of this, the paper puts forward some suggestions for the development of sports activities in the main urban areas of Chengdu: (1) attaching importance to the development of special sports activities in primary schools; (2) creating new contents of activities; (3) adopting new types of sports activities. Flexible form of activities; (4) continuous improvement of the establishment of an effective supervision and management system, implementation of evaluation.
【學位授予單位】：成都體育學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G623.8
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